RESUMO
A formal demonstration that mammalian pluripotent stem cells possess preimplantation embryonic cell-like (naive) pluripotency is the generation of chimeric animals through early embryo complementation with homologous cells. Whereas such naive pluripotency has been well demonstrated in rodents, poor chimerism has been achieved in other species including non-human primates due to the inability of the donor cells to match the developmental state of the host embryos. Here, we have systematically tested various culture conditions for establishing monkey naive embryonic stem cells and optimized the procedures for chimeric embryo culture. This approach generated an aborted fetus and a live chimeric monkey with high donor cell contribution. A stringent characterization pipeline demonstrated that donor cells efficiently (up to 90%) incorporated into various tissues (including the gonads and placenta) of the chimeric monkeys. Our results have major implications for the study of primate naive pluripotency and genetic engineering of non-human primates.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Embrionárias , Engenharia Genética , Haplorrinos , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Haplorrinos/genética , Nascido Vivo , Mamíferos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Primatas , Engenharia Genética/métodosRESUMO
After fertilization, the quiescent zygote experiences a burst of genome activation that initiates a short-lived totipotent state. Understanding the process of totipotency in human cells would have broad applications. However, in contrast to in mice1,2, demonstration of the time of zygotic genome activation or the eight-cell (8C) stage in in vitro cultured human cells has not yet been reported, and the study of embryos is limited by ethical and practical considerations. Here we describe a transgene-free, rapid and controllable method for producing 8C-like cells (8CLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells. Single-cell analysis identified key molecular events and gene networks associated with this conversion. Loss-of-function experiments identified fundamental roles for DPPA3, a master regulator of DNA methylation in oocytes3, and TPRX1, a eutherian totipotent cell homeobox (ETCHbox) family transcription factor that is absent in mice4. DPPA3 induces DNA demethylation throughout the 8CLC conversion process, whereas TPRX1 is a key executor of 8CLC gene networks. We further demonstrate that 8CLCs can produce embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vitro or in vivo in the form of blastoids5 and complex teratomas. Our approach provides a resource to uncover the molecular process of early human embryogenesis.
Assuntos
Embrião de Mamíferos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Zigoto , Humanos , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Zigoto/citologiaRESUMO
The ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and across the world is associated with a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-21. This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection2. Although bats are probable reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, the identity of any intermediate host that may have facilitated transfer to humans is unknown. Here we report the identification of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/genética , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Eutérios/virologia , Evolução Molecular , Genoma Viral/genética , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Betacoronavirus/química , Betacoronavirus/classificação , COVID-19 , China/epidemiologia , Quirópteros/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Genômica , Humanos , Malásia , Pandemias , Filogenia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Recombinação Genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Alinhamento de Sequência , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
Whereas the actions of enhancers in gene transcriptional regulation are well established, roles of JmjC-domain-containing proteins in mediating enhancer activation remain poorly understood. Here, we report that recruitment of the JmjC-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-bound active enhancers is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment and enhancer RNA production on enhancers, resulting in transcriptional pause release of cognate estrogen target genes. JMJD6 is found to interact with MED12 in the mediator complex to regulate its recruitment. Unexpectedly, JMJD6 is necessary for MED12 to interact with CARM1, which methylates MED12 at multiple arginine sites and regulates its chromatin binding. Consistent with its role in transcriptional activation, JMJD6 is required for estrogen/ERα-induced breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Our data have uncovered a critical regulator of estrogen/ERα-induced enhancer coding gene activation and breast cancer cell potency, providing a potential therapeutic target of ER-positive breast cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Proliferação de Células , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Complexo Mediador/metabolismo , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/farmacologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/agonistas , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/genética , Células MCF-7 , Complexo Mediador/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Ligação Proteica , Transporte Proteico , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferases/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Certain ciliary transmembrane and membrane-tethered signaling proteins migrate from the ciliary tip to base via retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), essential for maintaining their ciliary dynamics to enable cells to sense and transduce extracellular stimuli inside the cell. During this process, the BBSome functions as an adaptor between retrograde IFT trains and these signaling protein cargoes. The Arf-like 13 (ARL13) small GTPase resembles ARL6/BBS3 in facilitating these signaling cargoes to couple with the BBSome at the ciliary tip prior to loading onto retrograde IFT trains for transporting towards the ciliary base, while the molecular basis for how this intricate coupling event happens remains elusive. Here, we report that Chlamydomonas ARL13 only in a GTP-bound form (ARL13GTP) anchors to the membrane for diffusing into cilia. Upon entering cilia, ARL13 undergoes GTPase cycle for shuttling between the ciliary membrane (ARL13GTP) and matrix (ARL13GDP). To achieve this goal, the ciliary membrane-anchored BBS3GTP binds the ciliary matrix-residing ARL13GDP to activate the latter as an ARL13 guanine nucleotide exchange factor. At the ciliary tip, ARL13GTP recruits the ciliary matrix-residing and post-remodeled BBSome as an ARL13 effector to anchor to the ciliary membrane. This makes the BBSome spatiotemporally become available for the ciliary membrane-tethered phospholipase D (PLD) to couple with. Afterward, ARL13GTP hydrolyzes GTP for releasing the PLD-laden BBSome to load onto retrograde IFT trains. According to this model, hedgehog signaling defects associated with ARL13b and BBS3 mutations in humans could be satisfactorily explained, providing us a mechanistic understanding behind BBSome-cargo coupling required for proper ciliary signaling.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl , Cílios , Humanos , Cílios/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico/genética , Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/genética , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Guanosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Flagelos/metabolismoRESUMO
Chromatin dynamics play essential roles in transcriptional regulation. The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain 3 (CHD3) chromatin remodeler PICKLE (PKL) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 (HDA6) are required for transcriptional gene silencing, but their coordinated function in gene repression requires further study. Through a genetic suppressor screen, we found that a point mutation at PKL could partially restore the developmental defects of a weak Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) mutant (ring1a-2 ring1b-3), in which RING1A expression is suppressed by a T-DNA insertion at the promoter. Compared to ring1a-2 ring1b-3, the expression of RING1A is increased, nucleosome occupancy is reduced, and the histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) level is increased at the RING1A locus in the pkl ring1a-2 ring1b-3 triple mutant. HDA6 interacts with PKL and represses RING1A expression similarly to PKL genetically and molecularly in the ring1a-2 ring1b-3 background. Furthermore, we show that PKL and HDA6 suppress the expression of a set of genes and transposable elements (TEs) by increasing nucleosome density and reducing H3K9ac. Genome-wide analysis indicated they possibly coordinately maintain DNA methylation as well. Our findings suggest that PKL and HDA6 function together to reduce H3K9ac and increase nucleosome occupancy, thereby facilitating gene/TE regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
RESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a kind of highly malignant tumor. Studies have shown that Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) may be responsible for dismal prognosis in NSCLC. Immunotherapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has significantly altered the treatment of assorted cancers, including NSCLC, but its role and mechanism in the formation of Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in NSCLC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the anti-PD-L1 antibody in the formation of VM in NSCLC and its possible mechanisms. The results showed that anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy could inhibit the growth of NSCLC-transplanted tumors and reduce the formation of VMs. In addition, this study found that anti-PD-L1 antibodies could increase the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related factor E-cadherin. zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is an important transcription factor regulating EMT. Knocking down ZEB1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth, as well as the expression of VE-cadherin and mmp2, while remarkably increase the expression of E-cadherin. During this process, the formation of VM was inhibited by knowing down ZEB1 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments of the constructed ZEB1 knockdown stable transfected cell strains. Therefore, in this study, we found that anti-PD-L1 antibodies may reduce the formation of VMs by inhibiting the EMT process.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genéticaRESUMO
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in human cancers, including ESCC. However, the detailed mechanisms of lncRNAs in the regulation of ESCC progression remain incompletely understood. LUESCC was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with gender, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. LUESCC was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells. Knockdown of LUESCC inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation indicated that LUESCC functions as a ceRNA by sponging miR-6785-5p to enhance NRSN2 expression, which is critical for the malignant behaviors of ESCC. Furthermore, ASO targeting LUESCC substantially suppressed ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that LUESCC may exerts its oncogenic role by sponging miR-6785-5p to promote NRSN2 expression in ESCC, providing a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismoRESUMO
Every individual experiences negative emotions, such as fear and anger, significantly influencing how external information is perceived and processed. With the gradual rise in brain-behavior relationship studies, analyses investigating individual differences in negative emotion processing and a more objective measure such as the response time (RT) remain unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by establishing that the individual differences in the speed of negative facial emotion discrimination can be predicted from whole-brain functional connectivity when participants were performing a face discrimination task. Employing the connectome predictive modeling (CPM) framework, we demonstrated this in the young healthy adult group from the Human Connectome Project-Young Adults (HCP-YA) dataset and the healthy group of the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) dataset. We identified distinct network contributions in the adult and adolescent predictive models. The highest represented brain networks involved in the adult model predictions included representations from the motor, visual association, salience, and medial frontal networks. Conversely, the adolescent predictive models showed substantial contributions from the cerebellum-frontoparietal network interactions. Finally, we observed that despite the successful within-dataset prediction in healthy adults and adolescents, the predictive models failed in the cross-dataset generalization. In conclusion, our study shows that individual differences in the speed of emotional facial discrimination can be predicted in healthy adults and adolescent samples using their functional connectivity during negative facial emotion processing. Future research is needed in the derivation of more generalizable models.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Emoções , Expressão Facial , Reconhecimento Facial , Individualidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Emoções/fisiologia , Adolescente , Conectoma/métodos , Adulto , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. BR-associated mutants display impaired growth and response to developmental and environmental stimuli. RESULTS: Here, we found that a BR-deficient mutant det2-1 displayed abnormal root gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis, which was not present in other BR mutants. To further elucidate the role of DET2 in gravity, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analysis of det2-1 and bri1-116, bri1 null mutant allele. Expression levels of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and other related genes in the two mutants of det2-1 and bri1-116 were basically the same. However, we only found that a large number of JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-domain) genes and jasmonate synthesis-related genes were upregulated in det2-1 mutant, suggesting increased levels of endogenous JA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results also suggested that DET2 not only plays a role in BR synthesis but may also be involved in JA regulation. Our study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of BRs on the root gravitropism.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis , Brassinosteroides , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Gravitropismo , Raízes de Plantas , Brassinosteroides/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gravitropismo/genética , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Transcriptoma , Mutação , Oxilipinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Various vaccines have been challenged by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we reported a yeast-derived recombinant bivalent vaccine (Bivalent wild-type [Wt]+De) based on the wt and Delta receptor-binding domain (RBD). Yeast derived RBD proteins based on the wt and Delta mutant were used as the prime vaccine. It was found that, in the presence of aluminium hydroxide (Alum) and unmethylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) adjuvants, more cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and variants were elicited by bivalent vaccine than monovalent wtRBD or Delta RBD. Furthermore, a heterologous boosting strategy consisting of two doses of bivalent vaccines followed by one dose adenovirus vectored vaccine exhibited cross-neutralization capacity and specific T cell responses against Delta and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.4/5) variants in mice, superior to a homologous vaccination strategy. This study suggested that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with yeast-derived bivalent protein vaccine could be a potential approach to address the challenge of emerging variants.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vacinas , Animais , Camundongos , Vacinas Combinadas , Proteínas Fúngicas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , VacinaçãoRESUMO
All biological functions evolve by fixing beneficial mutations and removing deleterious ones. Therefore, continuously fixing and removing the same essential function to separately diverge monophyletic gene families sounds improbable. Yet, here we report that brassinosteroid insensitive1 kinase inhibitor1 (BKI1)/membrane-associated kinase regulators (MAKRs) regulating a diverse function evolved into BKI1 and MAKR families from a common ancestor by respectively enhancing and losing ability to bind brassinosteroid receptor brassinosteroid insensitive1 (BRI1). The BKI1 family includes BKI1, MAKR1/BKI1-like (BKL) 1, and BKL2, while the MAKR family contains MAKR2-6. Seedless plants contain only BKL2. In seed plants, MAKR1/BKL1 and MAKR3, duplicates of BKL2, gained and lost the ability to bind BRI1, respectively. In angiosperms, BKL2 lost the ability to bind BRI1 to generate MAKR2, while BKI1 and MAKR6 were duplicates of MAKR1/BKL1 and MAKR3, respectively. In dicots, MAKR4 and MAKR5 were duplicates of MAKR3 and MAKR2, respectively. Importantly, BKI1 localized in the plasma membrane, but BKL2 localized to the nuclei while MAKR1/BKL1 localized throughout the whole cell. Importantly, BKI1 strongly and MAKR1/BKL1 weakly inhibited plant growth, but BKL2 and the MAKR family did not inhibit plant growth. Functional study of the chimeras of their N- and C-termini showed that only the BKI1 family was partially reconstructable, supporting stepwise evolution by a seesaw mechanism between their C- and N-termini to alternately gain an ability to bind and inhibit BRI1, respectively. Nevertheless, the C-terminal BRI1-interacting motif best defines the divergence of BKI1/MAKRs. Therefore, BKI1 and MAKR families evolved by gradually gaining and losing the same function, respectively, extremizing divergent evolution and adding insights into gene (BKI1/MAKR) duplication and divergence.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Fitosteróis , Receptores de Esteroides , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Brassinosteroides/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fitosteróis/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismoRESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disease associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Due to its complex pathogenesis, there are still limitations in the knowledge of the disease. To date, no drug has been approved to treat NAFLD. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Ebselen (EbSe) in NAFLD. A high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD was employed to investigate EbSe function in NAFLD mice by EbSe gavage and to regularly monitor the mouse body weight. HE and oil red O staining were performed, respectively, to detect the pathological damage and lipid accumulation in mouse liver tissues. The biochemical and ELISA kits were employed to measure the levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and pro-inflammatory cytokines within mouse serum or liver tissue. The expression of key proteins of PPARα, fatty acid ß oxidation-related protein, PI3K/Akt and TLR4/JNK signaling pathway was detected by western blot. EbSe significantly downregulated body weight, liver weight and liver lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice and downregulated ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C and increased HDL-C serum levels. EbSe upregulated the expression levels of PPARα and fatty acid ß oxidation-associated proteins CPT1α, ACOX1, UCP2 and PGC1α. EbSe promoted Akt and PI3K phosphorylation, and inhibited TLR4 expression and JNK phosphorylation. EbSe can upregulate PPARα to promote fatty acid ß-oxidation and improve hepatic lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, EbSe also activated PI3K/Akt and inhibited TLR4/JNK signaling pathway. EbSe is predicted to be an effective therapeutic drug for treating NAFLD.
Assuntos
Isoindóis , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fígado , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Compostos Organosselênicos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Compostos Organosselênicos/farmacologia , Compostos Organosselênicos/uso terapêutico , Isoindóis/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Azóis/farmacologia , Azóis/uso terapêutico , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: PD-L1 overexpression is commonly observed in various malignancies and is strongly correlated with poor prognoses for cancer patients. Moreover, PD-L1 has been shown to play a significant role in promoting angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes across different cancer types. METHODS: The relationship between PD-L1 and vasculogenic mimicry as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored by bioinformatics approach and immunohistochemistry. The functions of PD-L1 in regulating the expression of ZEB1 and the EMT process were assessed by Western blotting and q-PCR assays. The impact of PD-L1 on the migratory and proliferative capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells was evaluated through wound healing, cell invasion, and CCK8 assays following siRNA-mediated PD-L1 knockdown. Tube formation assay was utilized to evaluate the presence of VM structures. RESULTS: In this study, increased PD-L1 expression was observed in A549 and H1299 cells compared to normal lung epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a higher prevalence of VM structures in the PD-L1-positive group compared to the PD-L1-negative group. Additionally, high PD-L1 expression was also found to be significantly associated with advanced TNM stage and increased metastasis. Following PD-L1 knockdown, NSCLC cells exhibited a notable reduction in their ability to form tube-like structures. Moreover, the levels of key EMT and VM-related markers, including N-cadherin, MMP9, VE-cadherin, and VEGFA, were significantly decreased, while E-cadherin expression was upregulated. In addition, the migration and proliferation capacities of both cell lines were significantly inhibited after PD-L1 or ZEB1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: Knockdown PD-L1 can inhibit ZEB1-mediated EMT, thereby hindering the formation of VM in NSCLC.
Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1 , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neovascularização Patológica , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco , Humanos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/genética , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Feminino , Células A549 , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis of breast lesions and discrimination of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases largely depend on radiologist experience. PURPOSE: To develop a deep learning-based whole-process system (DLWPS) for segmentation and diagnosis of breast lesions and discrimination of ALN metastasis. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: 1760 breast patients, who were divided into training and validation sets (1110 patients), internal (476 patients), and external (174 patients) test sets. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T/dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI sequence. ASSESSMENT: DLWPS was developed using segmentation and classification models. The DLWPS-based segmentation model was developed by the U-Net framework, which combined the attention module and the edge feature extraction module. The average score of the output scores of three networks was used as the result of the DLWPS-based classification model. Moreover, the radiologists' diagnosis without and with the DLWPS-assistance was explored. To reveal the underlying biological basis of DLWPS, genetic analysis was performed based on RNA-sequencing data. STATISTICAL TESTS: Dice similarity coefficient (DI), area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value. RESULTS: The segmentation model reached a DI of 0.828 and 0.813 in the internal and external test sets, respectively. Within the breast lesions diagnosis, the DLWPS achieved AUCs of 0.973 in internal test set and 0.936 in external test set. For ALN metastasis discrimination, the DLWPS achieved AUCs of 0.927 in internal test set and 0.917 in external test set. The agreement of radiologists improved with the DLWPS-assistance from 0.547 to 0.794, and from 0.848 to 0.892 in breast lesions diagnosis and ALN metastasis discrimination, respectively. Additionally, 10 breast cancers with ALN metastasis were associated with pathways of aerobic electron transport chain and cytoplasmic translation. DATA CONCLUSION: The performance of DLWPS indicates that it can promote radiologists in the judgment of breast lesions and ALN metastasis and nonmetastasis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Aprendizado Profundo , Humanos , Feminino , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disease related to traumatic experience, and its treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. Accumulating research has indicated that cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits anti-PTSD effects, however, the underlying mechanism of CBD remains inadequately investigated. Although many studies pertaining to PTSD have primarily focused on aberrations in neuronal functioning, the present study aimed to elucidate the involvement and functionality of microglia/macrophages in PTSD while also investigated the modulatory effects of CBD on neuroinflammation associated with this condition. We constructed a modified single-prolonged stress (SPS) mice PTSD model and verified the PTSD-related behaviors by various behavioral tests (contextual freezing test, elevated plus maze test, tail suspension test and novel object recognition test). We observed a significant upregulation of Iba-1 and alteration of microglial/macrophage morphology within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but not the amygdala, two weeks after the PTSD-related stress, suggesting a persistent neuroinflammatory phenotype in the PTSD-modeled group. CBD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited all PTSD-related behaviors and reversed the alterations in both microglial/macrophage quantity and morphology when administered prior to behavioral assessments. We further found increased pro-inflammatory factors, decreased PSD95 expression, and impaired synaptic density in the hippocampus of the modeled group, all of which were also restored by CBD treatment. CBD dramatically increased the level of anandamide, one of the endocannabinoids, and cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) transcripts in the hippocampus compared with PTSD-modeled group. Importantly, we discovered the expression of CB2Rs mRNA in Arg-1-positive cells in vivo and found that the behavioral effects of CBD were diminished by CB2Rs antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and both the behavioral and molecular effects of CBD were abolished in CB2Rs knockout mice. These findings suggest that CBD would alleviate PTSD-like behaviors in mice by suppressing PTSD-related neuroinflammation and upregulation and activation of CB2Rs may serve as one of the underlying mechanisms for this therapeutic effect. The present study offers innovative experimental evidence supporting the utilization of CBD in PTSD treatment from the perspective of its regulation of neuroinflammation, and paves the way for leveraging the endocannabinoid system to regulate neuroinflammation as a potential therapeutic approach for psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Encéfalo , Canabidiol , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Microglia , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Animais , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/metabolismo , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/metabolismo , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Endocanabinoides/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Araquidônicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Araquidônicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: children who undergo CPB operations are at an elevated risk of infection due to immunosuppression. This study aims to investigate the association between lymphopenia following CPB and early postoperative infection in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis including 41 children under 2 years old underwent CPB. Among them, 9 subjects had an early postoperative infection, and 32 subjects were period-matched without infection. Inflammatory cytokines, serum CRP and PCT values were measured in plasma, additionally, circulating total leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations were counted. RESULTS: Infected subjects exhibited significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ß and TNF-α, than non-infected subjects after CPB. Additionally, lower absolute number of lymphocyte and their subpopulations CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells and CD8+cytotoxic T-cells, were observed in infected subjects. The impairment of T-cells Immune was found to be associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-10. The ROC demonstrated that the absolute number of CD3+ T-cells <1934/ul, CD4+ T helper cells <1203/ul and CD8+cytotoxic T-cells <327/ul were associated with early postoperative infection. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines resulted in T-cells lymphopenia after CPB, which significantly increasing the risk of postoperative infection in infants and young children. IMPACT: Infection complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric CHD patients are serious issues, identifing the infection from after CPB remains a challenging. CPB can release numerous inflammatory cytokines associated with T cells lymphopenia, which increases the risk of postoperative infection after surgery. Monitoring T cells lymphopenia maybe more beneficial to predict early postoperative infection than C-reactive protein and procalcitonin.
Assuntos
Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Linfopenia , Lactente , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-10 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Citocinas , Linfócitos T , Linfopenia/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Current anti-rheumatic drugs are primarily modulating immune cell activation, yet their effectiveness remained suboptimal. Therefore, novel therapeutics targeting alternative mechanisms, such as synovial activation, is urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of Midline-1 (Mid1) in synovial activation. METHODS: NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were used to establish a subcutaneous xenograft model. Wild-type C57BL/6, Mid1-/-, Dpp4-/-, and Mid1-/-Dpp4-/- mice were used to establish a collagen-induced arthritis model. Cell viability, cell cycle, qPCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect MH7A proliferation, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and Mid1 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified the candidate protein of Mid1 substrates. Ubiquitination assays were used to determine DPP4 ubiquitination status. RESULTS: An increase in Mid1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was observed in human RA synovial tissue by GEO dataset analysis, and this elevation was confirmed in a collagen-induced mouse arthritis model. Notably, deletion of Mid1 in a collagen-induced arthritis model completely protected mice from developing arthritis. Subsequent overexpression and knockdown experiments on MH7A, a human synoviocyte cell line, unveiled a previously unrecognized role of Mid1 in synoviocyte proliferation and migration, the key aspects of synovial activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified DPP4 as the most significant candidate of Mid1 substrates. Mechanistically, Mid1 promoted synoviocyte proliferation and migration by inducing ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of DPP4. DPP4 deficiency led to increased proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine production in MH7A, while reconstitution of DPP4 significantly abolished Mid1-induced augmentation of cell proliferation and activation. Additionally, double knockout model showed that DPP4 deficiency abolished the protective effect of Mid1 defect on arthritis. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings suggest that the ubiquitination of DPP4 by Mid1 promotes synovial cell proliferation and invasion, exacerbating synovitis in RA. These results reveal a novel mechanism that controls synovial activation, positioning Mid1 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in RA.
Assuntos
Artrite Experimental , Artrite Reumatoide , Dipeptidil Peptidase 4 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Sinovite , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Dipeptidil Peptidase 4/metabolismo , Dipeptidil Peptidase 4/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Knockout , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Membrana Sinovial/patologia , Sinoviócitos/metabolismo , Sinoviócitos/patologia , Sinovite/metabolismo , Sinovite/patologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore symptom clusters and interrelationships using a network analysis approach among symptoms in patients with lung tumors who underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (MWA). METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted, and 196 lung tumor patients undergoing MWA were recruited and were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after MWA. The Chinese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and the Revised Lung Cancer Module were used to evaluate symptoms. Network analyses were performed to explore the symptom clusters and interrelationships among symptoms. RESULTS: Four stable symptom communities were identified within the networks. Distress, weight loss, and chest tightness were the central symptoms. Distress, and weight loss were also the most key bridge symptoms, followed by cough. Three symptom networks were temporally stable in terms of symptom centrality, global connectivity, and network structure. CONCLUSION: Our findings identified the central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and the stability of symptom networks of patients with lung tumors after MWA. These network results will have important implications for future targeted symptom management intervention development. Future research should focus on developing precise interventions for targeting central symptoms and bridge symptoms to promote patients' health.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Micro-Ondas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Estudos Longitudinais , Micro-Ondas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Adulto , Técnicas de Ablação/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) is a major challenge in laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. This study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of the pancreas-guided SFM technique during laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2023, 352 patients with left-sided colon cancer underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. Based on the SFM method used, the patients were divided into the pancreas-guided group (167 cases) or the "Three Approaches Roundabout"/classic group (185 cases). Clinicopathologic characteristics and intraoperative and postoperative variables were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The two groups had no significant differences in baseline indicators (P > 0.05). All surgeries were successful without needing to convert to laparotomy, and there were no combined organ resections involving the spleen or pancreas in either group. The mean duration of surgery was significantly lower in the pancreas-guided group than in the classic group (P < 0.01). The median volume of intraoperative blood loss in the pancreas-guided group was lower than that in the classic group (P < 0.01). Through video playback, it was found that the retro-pancreatic space had been entered during operation in 8 cases (4.3%) in the classic group, while there were no such occurrences in the pancreas-guided group. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the number of lymph nodes cleared, postoperative hospital stays, and incidence of complications were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05) between the groups. CONCLUSION: The pancreas-guided SFM technique is a safe and feasible option for laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. Our study's findings suggest that this approach facilitates accurate access to the correct anatomic plane, potentially improving surgical efficiency.