Hook-Like DNAzyme-Activated Autocatalytic Biosensor for the Universal Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria.

DNAzyme-based assays have found extensive utility in pathogenic bacteria detection but often suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity. The integration of a signal amplification strategy could address this challenge, while the existing combination methods require extensive modification to accommodate various DNAzymes, limiting the wide-spectrum bacteria detection. We introduced a novel hook-like DNAzyme-activated autocatalytic nucleic acid circuit for universal pathogenic bacteria detection. The hook-like connector DNA was employed to seamlessly integrate the recognition element DNAzyme with the isothermal enzyme-free autocatalytic hybridization chain reaction and catalytic hairpin assembly for robust exponential signal amplification. This innovative autocatalytic circuit substantially amplifies the output signals from the DNAzyme recognition module, effectively overcoming DNAzyme's inherent sensitivity constraints in pathogen identification. The biosensor exhibits a strong linear response within a range of 1.5 × 103 to 3.7 × 107 CFU/mL, achieving a detection limit of 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL. Noted that the sensor's adaptability as a universal detection platform is established by simply modifying the hook-like connector module, enabling the detection of various pathogenic bacteria of considerable public health importance reported by the World Health Organization, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, the specificity of DNAzyme in bacterial detection is markedly improved due to the signal amplification process of the autocatalytic circuit. This hook-like DNAzyme-activated autocatalytic platform presents a versatile, sensitive, and specific approach for pathogenic bacteria detection, promising to significantly expand the applications of DNAzyme in bacteria detection.

Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Therapy of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most incurable central neurodegenerative disease resulting from various pathogenesis. As the "energy factory" of cells, mitochondria play an extremely important role in supporting neuronal signal transmission and other physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause and accelerate the occurrence and progression of PD. How to effectively prevent and suppress mitochondrial disorders is a key strategy for the treatment of PD from the root. Therefore, the emerging mitochondria-targeted therapy has attracted considerable interest. Herein, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and PD, the causes and results of mitochondrial dysfunction, and major strategies for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction to treat PD are systematically reviewed. The study also prospects the main challenges for the treatment of PD.

bta-miR-183 targets EZRIN to regulate microvilli formation and improve early development of bovine embryos.

In brief: Almost total lack of sperm-borne RNAs is regarded as one of the key factors that leads to the abnormal development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryo. This paper reveals a need for us to further explore the roles of the paternal regulatory factors on embryonic development in early embryos. Abstract: Mature sperm contain both coding and non-coding RNAs, which can be delivered into an oocyte with the sperm at fertilization. Accumulating evidences show that these sperm-borne RNAs play crucial roles in epigenetic reprogramming, cytoskeleton remodeling, embryonic development, and offspring phenotype. Almost total lack of sperm-borne RNAs is regarded as one of the key factors that leads to the abnormal development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo. bta-miR-183 was found to be highly expressed in bovine sperm and can be delivered into oocytes during fertilization in our previous study, and in this study, EZR was confirmed as a target gene of bta-miR-183 in early embryos by bioinformatics, luciferase, and gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the density of microvilli on the surface of SCNT embryos was significantly higher than that onin vitro fertilized embryos and was significantly reduced by injection of bta-miR-183 mimic. EZR-siRNA injected into SCNT embryos had a similar effect. This indicated that the lack of bta-miR-183 might lead to abnormal changes in microvilli by downregulating ezrin protein. In addition, gain-of-function studies showed that bta-miR-183 significantly improved developmental competence of SCNT embryo in terms of cleavage (76.63% vs 64.32%, P < 0.05), blastocyst formation (43.75% vs 28.26%, P < 0.05), apoptotic index (5.21% vs 12.64%, P < 0.05), and the trophoblast ratio (32.65% vs 25.58%, P < 0.05) in day 7 blastocysts. Thus, the present study indicated that bta-miR-183 might play crucial roles in the formation of microvilli and embryo development by regulating expression of EZR mRNA.

Dual-Signal Cascaded Nucleic Acid Amplification Circuit-Loaded Metal-Organic Frameworks for Accurate and Robust Imaging of Intracellular MicroRNA.

Cascaded signal amplification technologies play an important role in the sensitive detection of lowly expressed biomarkers of interests yet are constrained by severe background interference and low cellular accessibility. Herein, we constructed a metal-organic framework-encapsulating dual-signal cascaded nucleic acid sensor for precise intracellular miRNA imaging. ZIF-8 nanoparticles load and deliver FAM-labeled upstream catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and Cy5-modified downstream hybridization chain reaction (HCR) hairpin reactants to tumor cells, enabling visualization of the target-initiated signal amplification process for double-insurance detection of analytes. The pH-responsive ZIF-8 nanoparticles effectively protect DNA hairpins from degradation and allow the release of them in the acid tumor microenvironment. Then, intracellular target miRNAs orderly trigger cascaded nucleic acid signal amplification reaction, of which the exact progress is investigated through the analysis of the fluorescence recovering process of FAM and Cy5. In addition, DNA@ZIF-8 nanoparticles improve measurement accuracy by dual-signal colocalization imaging, effectively avoiding nonspecific false-positive signals and enabling in situ imaging of miRNAs in living cells. A dual-signal colocalization strategy allows accurate target detection in living cells, and DNA@ZIF-8 provides a promising intracellular sensing platform for signal amplification and visual monitoring.

Adiponectin overexpression promotes fracture healing through regulating the osteogenesis and adipogenesis balance in osteoporotic mice.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis invariably manifests as loss of bone, which is replaced by adipose tissue; this can easily lead to fractures, accompanied by delayed and poor healing. Adiponectin (APN) balances osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Therefore, this study explored whether adiponectin promotes bone fracture healing by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used adenovirus overexpression vectors carrying APN (Ad-APN-GFP) to treat ovariectomized (OVX) mouse BMSCs and osteoporotic bone fractures to investigate the role of APN in bone microenvironment metabolism in osteoporotic fractures. We subsequently established an OVX mice and bone fracture model using Ad-APN-GFP treatment to investigate whether APN could promote bone fracture healing in osteoporotic mice. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that APN is a critical molecule in diverse differentiation directions in OVX mouse BMSCs, with pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis properties. Importantly, our study revealed that Ad-APN-GFP treatment facilitates bone generation and healing around the osteoporotic fracture ends. Moreover, we identified that Sirt1 and Wnt signaling were closely related to the pro-osteogenesis and anti-adipogenesis commitment of APN in OVX mouse BMSCs and femoral tissues. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that APN overexpression facilitates bone fracture healing in osteoporosis. Furthermore, APN overexpression promoted bone formation in OVX mouse BMSCs and bone fracture ends by regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.

Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer-based multistage nucleic acid amplification circuits for MiRNA detection with low background.

Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET)-based assays have shown great potential in biosensing due to their negligible background autofluorescence, yet are still limited by their low sensitivity and short half-life luminescence. Herein, a multistage CRET-based DNA circuit was constructed with amplified luminescence signals for accurate miRNA detection and fixed reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals for cell imaging. The DNA circuit is designed through an ingenious programmable catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and the use of DNAzyme to realize target-triggered precise regulation of distance between the donor and acceptor for CRET-mediated excitation of photosensitizers. In detail, the analyte catalyzes the hybridization of CHA reactants, which leads to the assembly of multiple HCR-mediated DNAzyme nanowires. Subsequently, DNAzymes catalyze the oxidation of luminol by H2O2, and the adjacent photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) anchored on the DNA nanostructure is stimulated by the CRET process, resulting in the amplified long-wavelength luminescence and the generation of single oxygen signals through further energy transfer to oxygen. The biomarker miRNA can be detected with great sensitivity by integrating the recognition module into a universal platform. Furthermore, the DNA circuit enables CRET-mediated intracellular miRNA imaging, by detecting singlet oxygen signals through a ROS probe. The significant amplification effect is attributed to the robust multiple recognition of the target and the guaranteed transduction of the CRET signal through programmable engineering of DNA nanostructures. The CRET-based DNA circuit achieves amplified long-wavelength luminescence for accurate miRNA detection with low background and ROS-mediated signal fixation for cell imaging, making it a promising candidate for early diagnosis and theranostics.

System Xc- exacerbates metabolic stress under glucose depletion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests that glucose depletion (GD)-induced cell death depends on system Xc- , a glutamate/cystine antiporter extensively studied in ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains debated. Our study confirmed the correlation between system Xc- and GD-induced cell death and provided a strategic treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect changes in xCT and CD98 expression after glucose withdrawal. Then, the cell viability of OSCCs under the indicated conditions was measured. To identify the GD-responsible transcriptional factors of SLC7A11, we performed a luciferase reporter assay and a ChIP assay. Further, metabolomics was conducted to identify changes in metabolites. Finally, mitochondrial function and ATP production were evaluated using the seahorse assay, and NADP+ /NADPH dynamics were measured using a NADP+ /NADPH kit. RESULTS: In OSCCs, system Xc- promoted GD-induced cell death by increasing glutamate consumption, which promoted NADPH exhaustion and TCA blockade. Moreover, GD-induced xCT upregulation was governed by the p-eIF2α/ATF4 axis. CONCLUSIONS: System Xc- overexpression compromised the metabolic flexibility of OSCC under GD conditions, and thus, glucose starvation therapy is effective for killing OSCC cells.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Complications among Various Reduction Malarplasty.

BACKGROUND: Reduction malarplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures to improve a wide bizygomatic width and a prominent zygomatic body. Although there are various kinds of modifications, any method is imperfect, while some complications may occur. The purpose of this review was to compare kinds of complications of reduction malarplasty to provide certain suggestions for clinical application. METHODS: A comprehensive computerized search of scientific literature was performed via the PubMed, Web of Science, and Library of Congress databases, involved in articles from January 1st, 1983 to February 28th, 2022. The outcomes were extracted and analyzed by 3 independent authors, including patient demographics, diagnoses, surgical techniques, postoperative outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies covering 6611 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The L-shaped osteotomy may obtain a better effect when someone has both zygomatic body and arch protrusion. In the view of complications, our conclusion suggested that L-shaped osteotomy without bony resection reduced the zygomatic complex effectively with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications (0.02%). But the amount of bone resection is limited. If increasing bone resection is necessary, L-shaped osteotomy with long arm bony resection and L-shaped osteotomy with short arm bony resection are both preferable choices with lowest incidence of structural and functional complications, respectively. CONCLUSION: L-shaped osteotomy may obtain a better effect when a patient has both zygomatic body and arch protrusion. L-shaped osteotomy without bony resection reduced the zygomatic complex effectively with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Surgical Guides and Prebent Titanium Improve the Planning for the Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities Secondary to Condylar Osteochondroma.

PURPOSE: To investigate current Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies applied in the treatment of dentofacial deformities secondary to condylar osteochondroma and introduce a modified method with additional pre-bent titanium miniplates to improve the accuracy of operation. METHODS: Literature review about the application of CAD/CAM in the treatment of condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities was conducted. And 8 patients with condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities were treated by the CAD/CAM cutting and drilling surgical guides as well as pre-bent titanium miniplates. Pre- and post-operative 3D-cephalometric measurement were recorded and the difference between virtual simulation and postoperative modeling images was measured. Follow-up and radiographic examinations were performed. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies (including 216 patients) about the application of CAD/CAM in the treatment of dentofacial deformities secondary to condylar osteochondroma have been reported since 2010, including the 8 present patients. In our study, all patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome, without obvious relapse or evidence of temporomandibular joint disorder or other complications during follow-up; all patients avoided condylar reconstruction and sagittal split of ramus osteotomy on the ipsilateral mandible side. Comparison between simulated plans and actual postoperative outcomes showed surgical simulation plan was accurately transferred to the actual surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The application of CAD/CAM cutting and drilling guides as well as pre-bent titanium plates could achieve more accurate and favorable outcomes, improving the clinical planning and surgical execution for patients with condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities.

Providencia heimbachae Associated with Post-weaning Diarrhea in Piglets: Identification, Phenotype, and Pathogenesis.

Despites Providencia heimbachae has been isolated from human, penguin, and bovine fetus, relatively little information is available regarding the pathogenicity and biologic characteristics of P. heimbachae. Here, we report that investigation of post-weaning diarrhea yielded bacterial isolates identified as P. heimbachae based on the biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The two isolates were positive for utilization of Malonate, no gas production from glucose, and non-fermentation of D-mannitol, D-Galactose, and L-Rhamnose that were different from those of the type strain, and both of them have the ability of adhesion and invasion to IPEC-J2 cells, and were resistant to 21 out of the 41 antibiotics tested. In addition, the isolate 99101 was highly pathogenic to mice and piglets. Histopathology studies on nerve tissue of piglets that developed hindlimb paralysis showed microglia cell infiltration and neuron damage in the spinal cord. Notably, the strains could grow under low temperature (4 °C), which raise attention of a new risk factor for food safety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. heimbachae strain caused post-weaning diarrhea in piglets in both natural and experimental conditions. These findings extended the knowledge of P. heimbachae as an important zoonotic agent, which should be given more attention during surveillance and diagnostics.

Targeting Microglia for Therapy of Parkinson's Disease by Using Biomimetic Ultrasmall Nanoparticles.

Microglia as an important type of innate immune cell in the brain have been considered as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of central nervous degenerative diseases. Herein, we report cell membrane coated novel biomimetic Cu2-xSe-PVP-Qe nanoparticles (denoted as CSPQ@CM nanoparticles, where PVP is poly(vinylpyrrolidone), Qe is quercetin, and CM is the cell membrane of neuron cells) for effectively targeting and modulating microglia to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). The CSPQ nanoparticles exhibit multienzyme activities and could effectively scavenge the reactive oxygen species and promote the polarization of microglia into the anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype to relieve neuroinflammation. We reveal that biomimetic CSPQ@CM nanoparticles targeted microglia through the specific interactions between the membrane surface vascular cells adhering to molecule-1 and α4ß1 integrin expressed by microglia. They could significantly improve the symptoms of PD mice to result in an excellent therapeutic efficacy, as evidenced by the recovery of their dopamine level in cerebrospinal fluid, tyrosine hydroxylase, and ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1 to normal levels. Our work demonstrates the great potential of these robust biomimetic nanoparticles in the targeted treatment of PD and other central nervous degenerative diseases.

Association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from diarrhetic animals in Northeast China.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in P. mirabilis isolates collected from diarrhetic animals (n = 176) in northeast China between September 2014 and October 2016. RESULTS: Approximately 92.05% of the isolates were biofilm producers, whereas 7.95% of the isolates were non-producers. The prevalence of virulence genes in the biofilm producer group was significantly higher than that in the non-producer group. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the expression of ureC, zapA, rsmA, hmpA, mrpA, atfA, and pmfA (P < 0.05). The results of drug susceptibility tests revealed that approximately 76.7% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Biofilm production was significantly associated with resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and cephalothin (P < 0.05). Although the pathogenicity of the biofilm producers was stronger than that of the non-producers, the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates was not significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in mice (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that a high level of multidrug resistance in P. mirabilis isolates obtained from diarrhetic animals in northeast China. The results of this study indicated that the positive rates of the genes expressed by biofilm-producing P. mirabilis isolates were significantly higher than those expressed by non-producing isolates.

Osteogenesis Differences Around Titanium Implant and in Bone Defect Between Jaw Bones and Long Bones.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis around titanium implant and in bone defect or fracture in jaw bones and long bones in ovariectomized (OVX) animal models. The literature on the osteogenesis around titanium implant and in bone defect or fracture in jaw bones and long bones was reviewed with charts. Fourty-eight rats were randomly divided into OVX group with ovariectomy and SHAM (sham-surgery) group with sham surgery. Titanium implants were inserted in the right mandibles and tibiae; bone defects were created in the left mandibles and tibiae. Two-week postoperatively, mandibles and tibiae of 8 rats were harvested and examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and histological analysis; 4-week postoperatively, all mandibles and tibiae were harvested and examined by Micro-CT and histological analysis. A total of 52 articles were included in this literature review. Tibial osteogenesis around titanium implant and in bone defect in OVX group were significantly decreased compared with SHAM group. However, osteogenesis differences in the mandible both around titanium implant and in bone defect between groups were not statistically significant. OVX-induced osteoporosis suppresses osteogenesis around titanium implant and in the bone defect or fracture in long bones significantly while has less effect on that in the jaw bones.

Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: To systematically review the epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched up until December 2018. The manual search included the reference lists of the included studies and relevant journals. Observational studies evaluating the relationship between T2DM and periodontitis were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using STATA. RESULTS: A total of 53 observational studies were included. The Adjusted T2DM prevalence was significantly higher in periodontitis patients (OR = 4.04, p = 0.000), and vice versa (OR = 1.58, p = 0.000). T2DM patients had significantly worse periodontal status, as reflected in a 0.61 mm deeper periodontal pocket, a 0.89 mm higher attachment loss and approximately 2 more lost teeth (all p = 0.000), than those without T2DM. The results of the cohort studies found that T2DM could elevate the risk of developing periodontitis by 34% (p = 0.002). The glycemic control of T2DM patients might result in different periodontitis outcomes. Severe periodontitis increased the incidence of T2DM by 53% (p = 0.000), and this result was stable. In contrast, the impact of mild periodontitis on T2DM incidence (RR = 1.28, p = 0.007) was less robust. CONCLUSIONS: There is an evident bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding. Our results suggest that both dentists and physicians need to be aware of the strong connection between periodontitis and T2DM. Controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other's incidence.

Ultra-Sensitive Detection and Inhibition of the Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells to Adjacent Lymph Nodes and Distant Organs by Using Long-Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles.

The metastasis of breast cancer mainly occurs through the axillary lymph node and blood circulation systems. It is extremely difficult to know when the cancer cells start to metastasize; however, early detection of breast cancer metastasis is crucial and challenging to enable surgical removal of the primary tumor and perform a systematic lymphadenectomy to eliminate invasion of the tumor. Herein, we report real-time tracking of the metastasis of orthotopic breast cancer with background-free near-infrared long-persistent luminescence (NIR-PL) imaging, and its guidance for the surgical removal of lymph nodes. The NIR-PL imaging is based on Cr3+/Nd3+ codoped ZnGa2O4 (A-ZGCN) nanoparticles with a superlong afterglow time of more than 15 days. We show that the detection sensitivity of metastasis of cancer cells with the NIR-PL imaging is higher than the classic bioluminescence imaging. We find that the metastasis of breast cancer cells to lymph nodes occurred as early as on the third day after orthotopic inoculation of breast cancer cells and followed an order of the proper axillary lymph node (PALN, day 3) > accessory axillary lymph node (AALN, day 6) > accessory mandibular lymph node (AMLN, day 9) > mandibular lymph node (MLN, day 25). In addition, we show that the NIR-PL nanoprobes (i.e., A-ZGCN NPs) displayed 17% radioenhancement, which was used for radiotherapy of orthotopic breast cancer to further prevent and reduce its metastasis to other organs. The radiotherapy treatment is superior to surgery for removal of the tumor accompanied by a NIR-PL imaging-guided lymphadenectomy. Our work demonstrates the great potential of NIR-PL imaging and the corresponding nanoprobes for tracking metastasis of cancer cells and for radiotherapy.

Adenoviral delivery of adiponectin ameliorates osteogenesis around implants in ovariectomized rats.

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin (APN) has been reported to promote bone formation. However, it is difficult to utilize a conventional method that administers sufficient APN to the implant site. The present study investigated the efficacy of an APN transgene to accelerate the implant osseointegration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS: In vitro, bone marrow stromal cells were transduced with reconstructed adenovirus (Ad-APN-EGFP) and osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells were co-cultured with the conditioned medium secreted by transduced bone marrow stromal cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and bone slice resorption assay were performed to evaluate the activity of osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, Ad-APN-EGFP was administered into the bone defect prior to implant placement in OVX rats. At 7 and 28 days post implantation, the femurs were harvested and prepared for a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, hemotoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, micro-computed tomography analysis and biomechanical testing. RESULTS: The results showed the formation and function of osteoclasts were significantly suppressed in vitro. Successful transgene expression was confirmed, and a significant increase of OCN, Runx2 and ALP expression was detected in the Ad-APN-EGFP group in vivo. Interestingly, we also found that the overexpression of APN decreased the expression level of potent adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ2 and C/EBP-α. At 28 days after implantation, the Ad-APN-EGFP group revealed a significantly increased osseointegration and implant stability in OVX rats compared to the control groups (Ad-EGFP and PBS groups). CONCLUSIONS: APN via direct adenovirus-mediated gene transfer could ameliorate osseointegration surrounding titanium implants in OVX-related osteoporosis rats. Furthermore, it may be an effective strategy for promoting bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions.

Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Cutting Guides in Eminoplasty for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation.

OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation means the condyle moves out of the normal position. There are several treatments for TMJ dislocation, including conservative treatment, injection treatment, minimally invasive treatment, and open surgical treatment. In this study, we tried to review the literature related to the augmentation of the articular eminence and proposed a modified eminoplasty technique of TMJ dislocation by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) cutting guides. METHODS: The literature on eminoplasty for TMJ was reviewed with 3 charts. Besides, 2 (67 and 69 years old) patients with chronic recurrent dislocation were treated by the CAD/CAM-guided surgical technique in our study, and postoperative measures were recorded to verify the safety and effectiveness regarding this technique. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies (including 268 patients) of the augmentation of the articular eminence have been reported since 1967, including the 2 present patients. According to the analysis of the recurrence and complications in the review, we found the modified technique had an obvious advantage. The technique with cutting guides was also found having higher accuracy. CONCLUSION: The modified technique was a reliable method when treating the TMJ dislocation, and the combination of CAD/CAM cutting guides was useful for more accuracy, even reduced the operation difficulty.

Upper Airway Changes After Mandibular Setback and/or Advancement Genioplasty in Obese Patients.

PURPOSE: Orthognathic surgeries, such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSO) and genioplasty, can influence the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) and this has been supported by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to assess changes of the PAS in patients with a high body mass index (BMI) likely to have narrow airways before and after setback BSSO with or without advancement genioplasty surgery by 3-dimensional computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five adults with a BMI of at least 24.0 kg/m2 were treated from 2010 to 2016. Samples were grouped mandibular setback (group A; n = 11), advancement genioplasty (group B; n = 12), and mandibular setback plus advancement genioplasty (group C; n = 12). Computed tomograms were obtained 1 week preoperatively (T0), 1 week postoperatively (T1), and at least 1 year postoperatively (T2). The area of the posterior nasal spine and posterior plane (PPA), the soft palate plane (SPA), the plane of the most posterior point of the tongue base (PTA), the plane of the root of the epiglottis (EA), and the volumes of the palatopharyngeal part (VP), oropharyngeal part (VO), glossopharyngeal part (VG), and laryngeal part (VL) were measured and compared within groups using analysis of variance. The P value was set at .05. RESULTS: In group A, all results showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) from T0 to T2 except for VO, VG, VL, SPA, PTA, and EA. In group B, VO, VG, VL, SPA, PTA, and EA showed statistically significant increases (P < .05) from T0 to T2. The hyoid at T2 showed significant advancement compared with T0 (P < .05). In group C, there were statistically significant decreases (P < .05) from T0 to T1 for VG, VL, PTA, and EA. CONCLUSION: In adults with a high BMI, mandibular setback BSSO could decrease the PAS, whereas advancement genioplasty could enlarge the PAS, after surgery. Therefore, undergoing advancement genioplasty concurrently with mandibular setback BSSO could help in lessening the negative effects of a PAS decrease.

Genetic Etiology in Nonsyndromic Mandibular Prognathism.

Mandibular prognathism (MP) is considered to be a cranial-facial disorder resulting from the interaction between genes and environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and candidate genes may be responsible for MP. In this study, the authors present current views on the effect of genetic components in nonsystematic mandibular prognathism, in order to clarify the genetic etiology of MP. Data source were Electronic databases, manual searching, and reference lists checking, up to April 2016. Study selection, level of evidence assessment, and data extraction were done by 2 individuals in duplicate. Ninety-one studies were retrieved in initial electronic and manual search, and based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 were selected for the review. In result, loci 1p36, 1q32.2, 1p22.3, 4p16.1, 6q25, 19p13, 14q24.3, 14q31.1, and 14q31.2 were thought to harbor genes that confer susceptibility to MP. Genes Matrilin-1, ADAMTS1, COL2A1, and EPB41 seemed to be strongly associated with MP while gene of growth hormone receptor was in dispute. Genetic components appeared to be associated with MP. However, in view of the variety of populations and results in related publications, further studies are necessary to clarify the genetic etiology of MP.