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Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urological disease with a high prevalence in older adult populations. Antimuscarinic drugs have been the most common treatment for OAB for more than a decade, but their anticholinergic side-effects and potential impact on cognitive function among older patients are usually underestimated. This consensus aimed to provide practical recommendations concerning OAB management, with a particular emphasis on older patients. A joint consensus panel was formed by representatives of the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Geriatrics Society. Literature searches regarding OAB and its management were performed in PubMed and Ovid. Several working meetings were held to present and discuss available evidence, develop consensus statements, and vote for the statements. A modified Delphi method was used in this consensus process. To address questions regarding various aspects of OAB, 29 consensus statements were proposed covering the following areas: diagnosis, initial assessment, non-pharmacological treatments, considerations before administration of pharmacological treatments, various pharmacological treatments, combination therapy, and surgical treatment. Twenty-five consensus statements were accepted.
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INTRODUCTION: This study was performed to explore factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes for second twins and to identify predictive factors for successful vaginal delivery of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first twin. METHODS: This 10-year retrospective study included 231 cases of twin pregnancies in which vaginal delivery of the second twin was attempted after vaginal delivery of the first twin. The relationships of obstetric characteristics with the composite adverse perinatal outcome of the second twin were analysed. Predictive factors for successful vaginal delivery of the second twin were also explored. RESULTS: Gestational age <32 weeks was the only independent risk factor for the composite adverse perinatal outcome and neonatal intensive care unit admission for the second twin. A longer inter-twin delivery interval was associated with greater risk of caesarean delivery of the second twin, but it did not increase the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome. Non-vertex presentation of the second twin at delivery was independently associated with caesarean delivery (9.0% vs 2.0%, P=0.03). For second twins in breech presentation, caesarean delivery was associated with the presence of less experienced birth attendants. CONCLUSION: Among second twins born to mothers who had attempted vaginal delivery, adverse perinatal outcomes were mainly related to prematurity. The presence of more experienced birth attendants may contribute to successful vaginal delivery of the second twin, particularly for twins in non-vertex presentation.
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INTRODUCTION: Non-visualisation of fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) is associated with chromosomal abnormalities, biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis, and gallbladder agenesis in Caucasian fetuses. We investigated the outcomes of fetuses with NVFGB in a Chinese cohort. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included cases of NVFGB among Chinese pregnant women at five public fetal medicine clinics in Hong Kong from 2012 to 2019. We compared the incidences of subsequent gallbladder visualisation, chromosomal abnormalities, biliary atresia, cystic fibrosis, and gallbladder agenesis between cases of isolated NVFGB and cases of non-isolated NVFGB. RESULTS: Among 19 cases of NVFGB detected at a median gestational age of 21.3 weeks (interquartile range, 20.0-22.3 weeks), 10 (52.6%) were isolated and nine (47.4%) were non-isolated. Eleven (58.0%) cases had transient non-visualisation, four (21.0%) had gallbladder agenesis, three (15.8%) had chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 18, trisomy 21, and 22q11.2 microduplication), one (5.2%) had biliary atresia, and none had cystic fibrosis. The incidence of serious conditions was significantly higher in the non-isolated group than in the isolated group (44.4% vs 0%; P=0.029); all three cases with chromosomal abnormalities and the only case of biliary atresia were in the non-isolated group, while all four cases with gallbladder agenesis were in the isolated group. The incidences of transient non-visualisation were similar (55.6% vs 60.0%; P=1.000). CONCLUSION: Isolated NVFGB is often transient or related to gallbladder agenesis. While investigations for chromosomal abnormalities and biliary atresia are reasonable in cases of NVFGB, testing for cystic fibrosis may be unnecessary in Chinese fetuses unless the NVFGB is associated with consistent ultrasound features, significant family history, or consanguinity.
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Atresia Biliar , Fibrose Cística , China , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Anormalidades Congênitas , Feminino , Feto , Vesícula Biliar/anormalidades , Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and infection-to-delivery interval with maternal and cord serum concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and transplacental transfer ratio in pregnant women with active or recovered SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This was a prospective case series of consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 27 March 2020 and 24 January 2021. We collected information regarding deep throat saliva or nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results, serial cycle threshold (Ct) values at and after diagnosis, demographic, clinical and outcome data, and neonatal NPS RT-PCR results. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was performed in maternal and cord blood serum samples obtained at delivery. Correlation of maternal Ct values, infection-to-delivery interval, infection duration and viral load area under the curve (AUC) with gestational age (GA) at diagnosis, maternal and cord serum IgG concentrations and transplacental transfer ratio of IgG were evaluated using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: Twenty pregnant women who consented to participate and who had delivered their babies by 31 January 2021 were included in the study, comprising 14 who had recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and six with active infection at delivery. The median GA at clinical manifestation was 32.7 (range, 11.9-39.4) weeks. The median infection-to-delivery interval and infection duration were 41.5 (range, 2-187) days and 10.0 (range, 1-48) days, respectively. The median GA at delivery was 39.1 (range, 32.4-40.7) weeks and the median seroconversion interval was 14 (range, 1-19) days. Of 13 neonates born to seropositive mothers with recovered infection at delivery, 12 tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. All neonatal NPS samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 and all cord sera tested negative for IgM. The median transplacental transfer ratio of IgG was 1.3 (interquartile range, 0.9-1.6). There was a negative correlation between infection-to-delivery interval and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations in maternal (r = -0.6693, P = 0.0087) and cord (r = -0.6554, P = 0.0068) serum and a positive correlation between IgG concentration in maternal serum and viral load AUC (r = 0.5109, P = 0.0310). A negative correlation was observed between transfer ratio and viral load AUC (r = -0.4757, P = 0.0409). CONCLUSIONS: In pregnant women who have recovered from COVID-19, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations at delivery increased with increasing viral load during infection and decreased with increasing infection-to-delivery interval. The median transplacental transfer ratio of IgG was 1.3 and it decreased with increasing viral load during infection. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Carga Viral/imunologia , Adulto , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Teste Sorológico para COVID-19 , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common complaints of adult men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents the most common underlying cause. As the incidence of BPH increases with age, and pharmacological treatment is a major part of the disease's management, the majority of patients with LUTS are managed by primary care practitioners. There are circumstances in which specialist care by urologists or geriatricians is required, such as failure of medical treatment, adverse effects from medical treatment, or complications from BPH. Referral choices can be confusing to patients and even practitioners in different specialties under such circumstances. There is currently no local consensus about the diagnosis, medical management, or referral mechanism of patients with BPH. A workgroup was formed by members of The Hong Kong Geriatrics Society (HKGS) and the Hong Kong Urological Association (HKUA) to review evidence for the diagnosis and medical treatment of LUTS. A consensus was reached by HKGS and HKUA on an algorithm for the flow of male LUTS care and the use of uroselective alpha blockers, antimuscarinics, beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists, and 5α-reductase inhibitors in the primary care setting. This consensus by HKGS and HKUA provides a new management paradigm of male LUTS.
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Geriatria , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior , Adulto , Consenso , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/tratamento farmacológico , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/epidemiologia , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/etiologia , Masculino , PolimedicaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine preferences for follow-up testing in women screened with high or intermediate risk for Down syndrome in the first or second trimester. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three public hospitals in Hong Kong, China. SAMPLE: Women with pregnancies termed as high risk (≥1:250; HR) or intermediate risk (1:251-1200; IR) for Down syndrome. METHODS: Women with pregnancies screened as HR were offered the choices of: (1) an invasive test plus chromosomal microarray (CMA) to obtain more detailed fetal genetic information; (2) non-invasive cell-free prenatal DNA screening (NIPT) to detect trisomies 13, 18 and 21, and to avoid procedure-related miscarriage; and (3) to decline any further testing. Women received standardised counselling informing them that the reporting times were identical, the procedure miscarriage risk was 0.1-0.2% and that there was no charge for screening. Women with IR pregnancies (1:251-1200) were offered NIPT as a secondary screening test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uptake rate for NIPT. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-seven women had pregnancies deemed as HR; 344 (99.1%) women opted for follow-up testing, 216 (62.2%) of whom chose NIPT. Five hundred and seven of 614 women (82.6%) with IR risk chose NIPT. Seven (21%) of 34 women with nuchal translucency ≥3.5 mm opted for NIPT. CONCLUSION: In a setting where reporting times are similar and there is no cost difference between options, approximately 60% of women with pregnancies classed as HR would opt for NIPT, offering simple but limited aneuploidy assessment, over a diagnostic procedure with comprehensive and more detailed assessment. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: 60% of pregnant Chinese women prefer NIPT over CMA when screened as high risk for Down syndrome.
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Aborto Espontâneo/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/análise , Análise Citogenética , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Testes Genéticos , Preferência do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Citogenética/métodos , Análise Citogenética/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Testes Genéticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hong Kong , Humanos , Análise em Microsséries , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/efeitos adversos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/psicologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Risco Ajustado/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and examine the associations of neuropathic-like pain in a community-based sample of older Australian women with arthritis. DESIGN: Population based cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Participants were recruited from the 1946-1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health. SUBJECTS: Women with self-reported arthritis (n = 147). METHODS: Primary outcome measure was self-reported neuropathic-like pain, defined as scores ≥12 via the painDETECT screening tool. Descriptive statistics summarized health and socio-demographic characteristics, and comparisons made using student's t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and Chi-square tests. Independent health and demographic variables were examined by univariable logistic regression, and significant variables included in multiple variable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: Thirty-nine women (26.5%) were screened as having neuropathic-like pain. Women with neuropathic-like pain were more likely to have poorer health, worse pain, higher pain catastrophizing, more fatigue, and more depression than women with nociceptive pain. Neuropathic-like pain was significantly associated with higher scores on the SF-MPQ sensory scale and pain catastrophizing scale, and with more medication use. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropathic-like pain in women with arthritis was common and is associated with greater disability and poorer quality of life.
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OBJECTIVE: Factors associated with the utilisation of health care have not been rigorously examined in people with arthritis. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of health care utilisation and costs in older women with arthritis using the Andersen's behavioural model as a framework. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: Participants of Surveys 3 to 5 of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who reported arthritis were included in the study. Information about health care utilisation and unit prices were based on linked Medicare Australia data, which included prescription medicines and health services. Total health care costs of participants with arthritis were measured for the years 2002 to 2003, 2005 to 2006, and 2008 to 2009, which corresponded to the survey years. Potential explanatory variables of the health care cost and other characteristics of the participants were collected from the health surveys. Explanatory variables were grouped into predisposing characteristics, enabling factors and need variables conforming to the Andersen's Behavioural Model of Health Services Use. Longitudinal data analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: A total of 5834 observations were included for the three periods. Regression analysis results show that higher health care cost in older Australian women with arthritis was significantly associated with residing in an urban area, having supplementary health insurance coverage, more comorbid conditions, using complementary and alternative medicine, and worse physical functioning. It was also found that predisposing characteristics (such as the area of residence) and enabling factors (such as health insurance coverage) accounted for more variance in the health care cost than need variables (such as comorbid conditions). CONCLUSION: These results may indicate an inefficient and unfair allocation of subsidised health care among older Australian women with arthritis, where individuals with less enabling resources and more socio-economic disadvantages have a lower level of health care utilisation. Future research may focus on evaluating the effectiveness of policies designed to reduce excessive out-of-pocket costs and to improve equity in health care access in the older population.
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Artrite/economia , Artrite/terapia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artrite/epidemiologia , Artrite/fisiopatologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Terapias Complementares/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Modelos Psicológicos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Regressão , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus have significantly lower pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A levels than those without. This study aimed to evaluate whether first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A multiple of median is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: This prospectively collected case series was conducted in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. All consecutive Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy who attended the hospital for their first antenatal visit (before 14 weeks' gestation) from April to July 2014 were included. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A multiple of median was compared between the gestational diabetic (especially for early-onset gestational diabetes) and non-diabetic groups. The correlation between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A level and glycosylated haemoglobin level in women with gestational diabetes was also examined. RESULTS: Of the 520 women recruited, gestational diabetes was diagnosed in 169 (32.5%). Among them, 43 (25.4%) had an early diagnosis, and 167 (98.8%) with the disease were managed by diet alone. The gestational diabetic group did not differ significantly to the non-diabetic group in pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (0.97 vs 0.99, P=0.40) or free ß-human chorionic gonadotrophin multiple of median (1.05 vs 1.02, P=0.29). Compared with the non-gestational diabetic group, women with early diagnosis of gestational diabetes had a non-significant reduction in pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A multiple of median (median, interquartile range: 0.86, 0.57-1.23 vs 0.99, 0.67-1.44; P=0.11). Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were not correlated in women with gestational diabetes (r=0.027; P=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Chinese women with non-insulin-dependent gestational diabetes did not exhibit significant changes to pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A multiple of median nor a correlation between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A with glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A multiple of median was not predictive of non-insulin-dependent gestational diabetes or early onset of gestational diabetes. There was a high prevalence of gestational diabetes in the Chinese population.
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Diabetes Gestacional , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Proteína Plasmática A Associada à Gravidez , Adulto , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Proteína Plasmática A Associada à Gravidez/análise , Proteína Plasmática A Associada à Gravidez/metabolismo , Prevalência , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of double balloon catheter for induction of labour in Chinese women with one previous caesarean section and unfavourable cervix at term. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Women with previous caesarean delivery requiring induction of labour at term and with an unfavourable cervix from May 2013 to April 2014. MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was to assess rate of successful vaginal delivery (spontaneous or instrument-assisted) using double balloon catheter. Secondary outcomes were double balloon catheter induction-to-delivery and removal-to-delivery interval; cervical score improvement; oxytocin augmentation; maternal or fetal complications during cervical ripening, intrapartum and postpartum period; and risk factors associated with unsuccessful induction. RESULTS: All 24 Chinese women tolerated double balloon catheter well. After double balloon catheter expulsion or removal, the cervix successfully ripened in 18 (75%) cases. The improvement in Bishop score 3 (interquartile range, 2-4) was statistically significant (P<0.001). Overall, 18 (75%) cases were delivered vaginally. The median insertion-to-delivery and removal-to-delivery intervals were 19 (interquartile range, 13.4-23.0) hours and 6.9 (interquartile range, 4.1-10.8) hours, respectively. Compared with cases without, the interval to delivery was statistically significantly shorter in those with spontaneous balloon expulsion or spontaneous membrane rupture during ripening (7.8 vs 3.0 hours; P=0.025). There were no major maternal or neonatal complications. The only factor significantly associated with failed vaginal birth after caesarean was previous caesarean section for failure to progress (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study using double balloon catheter for induction of labour in Asian Chinese women with previous caesarean section. Using double balloon catheter, we achieved a vaginal birth after caesarean rate of 75% without major complications.
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Catéteres , Trabalho de Parto Induzido/instrumentação , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/instrumentação , Adulto , Catéteres/efeitos adversos , Maturidade Cervical , Cesárea , China , Distocia/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Ocitócicos , Ocitocina , Parto , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To review and compare pregnancy outcomes of patients undergoing history-indicated, ultrasound-indicated, or rescue cerclage. DESIGN: Case series with internal comparison. SETTING: A regional obstetric unit in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Women undergoing cervical cerclage at Kwong Wah Hospital between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2011. INTERVENTIONS: Cervical cerclage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and duration of pregnancy prolongation. RESULTS: Overall, 47 patients were included. Nine (19.1%) pregnancies resulted in miscarriage. The median gestational age at delivery was 35.7 weeks. Among the 23 patients who had history-indicated cerclage, only four (17.4%) had three or more previous second-trimester miscarriages or preterm deliveries. Among the 15 patients who had ultrasound-indicated cerclage, preoperative cervical length of ≤1.5 cm was associated with shorter prolongation of pregnancy, compared with that of >1.5 cm (median, 12.1 vs 18.4 weeks; P=0.009). Among the nine women who had rescue cerclage, those who underwent the procedure before 20 weeks of gestation delivered earlier than those underwent cerclage later (median, 22.5 vs 34.1 weeks; P=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Patients eligible for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists-recommended history-indicated cerclage remain few. The majority of patients may benefit from serial ultrasound monitoring of cervical length with or without ultrasound-indicated cerclage.
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Cerclagem Cervical/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado da Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Incompetência do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Adulto , Cerclagem Cervical/efeitos adversos , Cerclagem Cervical/métodos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/epidemiologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/etiologia , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/etiologia , Incompetência do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES. To review the characteristics of a series of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a regional hospital in 2006-2010, to compare them with those of a similar series reported from the same hospital in 1989-1995 and a series reported from another regional hospital in 1998-2007. DESIGN. Retrospective case series. SETTING. A regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Obstetric patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Kwong Wah Hospital from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. RESULTS. From 2006 to 2010, there were 67 such patients admitted to the intensive care unit (0.23% of total maternities and 2.34% of total intensive care unit admission), which was a higher incidence than reported in two other local studies. As in the latter studies, the majority were admitted postpartum (n=65, 97%), with postpartum haemorrhage (n=39, 58%) being the commonest cause followed by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (n=17, 25%). In the current study, significantly more patients had had elective caesarean sections for placenta praevia but fewer had had a hysterectomy. The duration of intensive care unit stay was shorter (mean, 1.8 days) with fewer invasive procedures performed than in the two previous studies, but maternal and neonatal mortality was similar (3% and 6%, respectively). CONCLUSION. Postpartum haemorrhage and pregnancy-induced hypertension were still the most common reasons for intensive care unit admission. There was an increasing trend of intensive care unit admissions following elective caesarean section for placenta praevia and for early aggressive intervention of pre-eclampsia. Maternal mortality remained low but had not decreased. The intensive care unit admission rate by itself might not be a helpful indicator of obstetric performance.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/terapia , Adulto , Cesárea , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/terapia , Tempo de Internação , Mortalidade Materna/tendências , Placenta Prévia/cirurgia , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/terapia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/cirurgia , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To review the pregnancy outcomes of non-booked, non-local pregnant women delivering in Kwong Wah Hospital via admission to the Accident and Emergency Department 1 year after the announcement by the Hospital Authority to stop antenatal booking for non-eligible persons; and to perform a literature review of local studies about non-eligible person deliveries over the last decade. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: A public hospital in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: All women who held the People's Republic of China passport or the two-way permit and those non-eligible persons whose spouses were Hong Kong Identity Card holders, who delivered in Kwong Wah Hospital from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012. RESULTS: Overall, 219 women who were non-eligible persons delivered 221 live births during the study period. Compared with the annual statistics of Kwong Wah Hospital in 2011, non-local mothers were of higher parity; more likely to have hypertensive disease (including pre-eclamptic toxaemia), preterm deliveries (ie at <37 weeks), babies needing admission to the special care baby unit, and macrosomic babies (ie weighing >4.0 kg). The rates of induction of labour and caesarean section were lower in this group. There was no significant difference in the maternal and neonatal outcomes between women who had no booking and those who had a booking in another Hospital Authority or private hospital. There were many incidents of near-miss obstetric complications or suboptimally managed obstetric conditions due to lack of well-structured and continuous antenatal care in this group of non-eligible persons. CONCLUSION: Non-eligible person delivering babies in Hong Kong has become a social obstetrics phenomenon. Despite the introduction of policies, reduction in the number of deliveries (quantity) did not improve the obstetric outcomes (quality). Health care professionals should continue to be prepared for managing the potential near-miss clinical complications in this group of 'travelling mothers'.
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Parto Obstétrico/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Viagem , Adulto , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Transtornos Cromossômicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Medição da Translucência Nucal , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the success rate, predictors for success, and pregnancy outcomes after external cephalic version. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: All women who had singleton term breech pregnancies at term and opted for external cephalic version during 2001 and 2009. Their demographic data, clinical and ultrasound findings, procedure details, complications, and delivery outcomes were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive factors for successful external cephalic version. RESULTS: A total of 209 external cephalic versions were performed during the 9-year period. The success rate was 63% (75% for multiparous and 53% for nulliparous women). There was no significant complication. On univariate analysis, predictors of successful external cephalic version were: multiparity, unengaged presenting part, higher amniotic fluid index (≥ 10 cm), thin abdominal wall, low uterine tone, and easily palpable fetal head (subjective assessment by practitioners before external cephalic version). On multivariate analysis, only multiparity, non-engagement of the fetal buttock and thin maternal abdomen were associated with successful external cephalic version. In all, 69% of those who had successful external cephalic version succeeded in the first roll (P<0.001), and 82% of the women with successful external cephalic versions had vaginal deliveries (93% in multiparous and 69% in nulliparous women). Uptake rate of external cephalic version was studied in the latter part of the study period (2006-2009). Whilst 735 women were eligible for external cephalic version, 131 women chose to have the procedure resulting in an uptake rate of 18%. CONCLUSION: External cephalic version was effective in reducing breech presentations at term and corresponding caesarean section rates, but the uptake rate was low. Further work should address the barriers to the low acceptance of external cephalic version. The results of this study could encourage women to opt for external cephalic version.
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Apresentação Pélvica , Resultado da Gravidez , Versão Fetal/métodos , Adulto , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Gravidez , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine current trends for different modes of delivery in twin pregnancies, factors affecting the mode of delivery, and associated outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A public hospital in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: All twin pregnancies booked at Kwong Wah Hospital during a 3-year period from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2009. RESULTS: Of 197 sets of twins, 35 (18%) were delivered vaginally and 162 (82%) by caesarean section (47% were emergencies and 53% elective). In all, 32 (37%) of the elective and 21 (28%) of the emergency caesarean sections were in response to maternal requests. Vaginal delivery was more common in mothers with a history of vaginal delivery and monochorionic diamniotic twins. Women who conceived by assisted reproduction or those who had a tertiary education were more likely to deliver by caesarean section. The type of conception and the presentation of the second twin were statistically significant factors affecting maternal choice on the mode of delivery. Maternal age did not affect the choice of delivery mode. Except for the higher frequency of sepsis and cord blood acidosis in second twins delivered vaginally, there were no significant differences in neonatal morbidity between the groups that attempted vaginal delivery or requested caesarean sections. All the women who had compression sutures or hysterectomy to control massive postpartum haemorrhage were delivered by caesarean section. CONCLUSION: A high caesarean section rate observed in our cohort was associated with maternal requests for this mode of delivery. The type of conception and the presentation of the second twin were statistically significant factors affecting maternal choice on mode of delivery. Women's requests for caesarean delivery out of the concern for their babies are not supported by current evidence. In response to a woman with a twin pregnancy requesting caesarean delivery, the pros and cons of vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections should be fully explained before the woman's autonomy is respected.
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Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez de Gêmeos , Adulto , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Idade Materna , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We report the first case of successful fetal pleurodesis with OK-432 for recurrent severe fetal primary chylothorax after failing repeated pleuroamniotic shunting. Shunting and pleurodesis could be complementary to each other in the treatment of fetal chylothorax.