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1.
Genomics ; 115(3): 110625, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37068644

RESUMO

Precise regulation of transcription in gene expression is critical for all aspects of normal organism form, fitness, and function and even minor alterations in the level, location, and timing of gene expression can result in phenotypic variation within and between species including evolutionary innovations and human disease states. Eukaryotic transcription is regulated by a complex interplay of multiple factors working both at a physical and molecular levels influencing this process. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TF with the greatest number of putative regulatory targets is the essential gene Repressor Activator Protein 1 (RAP1). While much is known about the roles of Rap1 in gene regulation and numerous cellular processes, the response of Rap1 target genes to systematic titration of RAP1 expression level remains unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we used a strain with a tetracycline-titratable promoter replacing wild-type regulatory sequences of RAP1 to systematically reduce the expression level of RAP1 and followed this with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to measure genome-wide gene expression responses. Previous research indicated that Rap1 plays a significant regulatory role in particular groups of genes including telomere-proximal genes, homothallic mating (HM) loci, glycolytic genes, DNA repair genes, and ribosomal protein genes; therefore, we focused our analyses on these groups and downstream targets to determine how they respond to reductions in RAP1 expression level. Overall, despite being known as both an activator and as a repressor of its target genes, we found that Rap1 acts as an activator for more target genes than as a repressor. Additionally, we found that Rap1 functions as an activator of ribosomal protein genes and a repressor for HM loci genes consistent with predictions from the literature. Unexpectedly, we found that Rap1 functions as a repressor of glycolytic enzyme genes contrary to prior reports of it having the opposite effect. We also compared the expression of RAP1 to five different genes related to DNA repair pathway and found that decreasing RAP1 downregulated four of those five genes. Finally, we found no effect of RAP1 depletion on telomere-proximal genes despite its functioning to silence telomeric repeat-containing RNAs. Together our results enrich our understanding of this important transcriptional regulator.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Humanos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Fator de Transcrição AP-1/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Complexo Shelterina , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribossômicas/genética , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
2.
Mol Psychiatry ; 23(5): 1320-1327, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28894300

RESUMO

Chronic methamphetamine use poses potentially devastating consequences for directly affected individuals and for society. Lower dopamine D2-type receptor availability has been observed in striata of methamphetamine users as compared with controls, but an analogous comparison of D1-type receptors has been conducted only on post-mortem material, with no differences in methamphetamine users from controls in the caudate nucleus and putamen and higher D1-receptor density in the nucleus accumbens. Released from neurons when methamphetamine is self-administered, dopamine binds to both D1- and D2-type receptors in the striatum, with downstream effects on cortical activity. Thus, both receptor subtypes may contribute to methamphetamine-induced alterations in cortical morphology and behavior. In this study, 21 methamphetamine-dependent subjects and 23 healthy controls participated in positron emission tomography and structural magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of striatal D1- and D2-type receptor availability and cortical gray-matter thickness, respectively. Although D2-type receptor availability (BPnd) was lower in the methamphetamine group, as shown previously, the groups did not differ in D1-type BPnd. In the methamphetamine group, mean cortical gray-matter thickness was negatively associated with cumulative methamphetamine use and craving for the drug. Striatal D1-type but not D2-type BPnd was negatively associated with global mean cortical gray-matter thickness in the methamphetamine group, but no association was found between gray-matter thickness and BPnd for either dopamine receptor subtype in the control group. These results suggest a role of striatal D1-type receptors in cortical adaptation to chronic methamphetamine use.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D1/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Núcleo Caudado/metabolismo , Dopamina/farmacologia , Feminino , Substância Cinzenta/metabolismo , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Metanfetamina/farmacologia , Núcleo Accumbens/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
3.
Am J Transplant ; 12(10): 2641-51, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22759336

RESUMO

Even though the etiology of chronic rejection (CR) is multifactorial, donor specific antibody (DSA) is considered to have a causal effect on CR development. Currently the antibody-mediated mechanisms during CR are poorly understood due to lack of proper animal models and tools. In a clinical setting, we previously demonstrated that induction therapy by lymphocyte depletion, using alemtuzumab (anti-human CD52), is associated with an increased incidence of serum alloantibody, C4d deposition and antibody-mediated rejection in human patients. In this study, the effects of T cell depletion in the development of antibody-mediated rejection were examined using human CD52 transgenic (CD52Tg) mice treated with alemtuzumab. Fully mismatched cardiac allografts were transplanted into alemtuzumab treated CD52Tg mice and showed no acute rejection while untreated recipients acutely rejected their grafts. However, approximately half of long-term recipients showed increased degree of vasculopathy, fibrosis and perivascular C3d depositions at posttransplant day 100. The development of CR correlated with DSA and C3d deposition in the graft. Using novel tracking tools to monitor donor-specific B cells, alloreactive B cells were shown to increase in accordance with DSA detection. The current animal model could provide a means of testing strategies to understand mechanisms and developing therapeutic approaches to prevent chronic rejection.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto , Transplante de Coração , Isoanticorpos/imunologia , Alemtuzumab , Animais , Doença Crônica , Citometria de Fluxo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
4.
East Asian Arch Psychiatry ; 29(3): 75-80, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31566182

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To review the first 8-month outcome of the Common Mental Disorder Clinic model in Hong Kong in terms of patient exit status and improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHODS: During the first appointment, patients were interviewed by a multidisciplinary team comprising a psychiatrist, a psychiatric nurse, and an occupational therapist. A multidisciplinary case conference was conducted to discuss clinical observations, diagnosis, issues of concern, and the optimal individualised treatment plan. Low-intensity interventions by nurses and/or occupational therapists were provided, as were optional, time-limited, protocol-based interventions by clinical psychologists for those with mild to moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms. Pharmacological intervention may be used when indicated. Upon completion of the treatment plan, patients were reassessed by the treating psychiatrist. Discharge options included discharge without psychiatric follow-up, step-up to psychiatric outpatient clinics, and step-down services. The self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were used to assess the past 2 weeks' depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, at baseline and at each session. RESULTS: From July 2015 to February 2016, 1325 Chinese patients received the new service. Of them, 170 men and 363 women (mean age, 52.6 years) completed the treatment plan. After treatment, their mean PHQ-9 score decreased from 11.06 to 7.55 (p < 0.001), and the mean GAD-7 score decreased from 9.94 to 6.54 (p < 0.001). After treatment, 42.4% and 48.2% of the patients were within the normal range of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, respectively, compared with 16.9% and 20.8% before treatment. The mean time to implementation of the individualised treatment plan was 82.33 days. Of the patients, 54.4% were discharged without any need for medical or psychiatric follow-up; 28% were stepped up to psychiatric outpatient clinics; and 17.3% were stepped down. The predictors of exit status were whether psychiatric medication was prescribed during initial intake (p = 0.011), whether psychiatric medication was prescribed at last follow-up (p < 0.001), the service period (p = 0.010), and the GAD-7 final score (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The first 8-month outcome of the new service model was encouraging, with shortened waiting time, reduced severity of symptoms, and better exit status (high recovery and step-down rates).


Assuntos
Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Ansiedade/terapia , Povo Asiático , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicoterapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Plast Reconstr Surg ; 96(1): 78-85, 1995 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7604134

RESUMO

We introduce a new method using abductor hallucis muscle free transplantation for reanimation of the cheek with long-standing facial palsy in six young patients. The muscle is used to reanimate facial palsy because it has many unique advantages: (1) appropriate size and shape of the muscle and adequate bulk, (2) closely parallel alignment and unvaried anatomy of the main vessels and nerve distribution to the muscle, (3) a long neurovascular pedicle, (4) easy surgical isolation of the muscle and its neurovascular pedicle, and (5) no functional deficit after muscle removal. The nerve and muscle grafts can be performed by microneurovascular anastomosis in one surgical procedure. The follow-up period was over 1 year. A satisfactory result was obtained in five of six patients.


Assuntos
Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Músculo Esquelético/transplante , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Condução Nervosa
6.
IEEE Trans Neural Netw ; 14(5): 980-92, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18244554

RESUMO

In this paper, we present a digital system called (SP/sup 2/INN) for simulating very large-scale spiking neural networks (VLSNNs) comprising, e.g., 1000000 neurons with several million connections in total. SP/sup 2/INN makes it possible to simulate VLSNN with features such as synaptic short term plasticity, long term plasticity as well as configurable connections. For such VLSNN the computation of the connectivity including the synapses is the main challenging task besides computing the neuron model. We describe the configurable neuron model of SP/sup 2/INN, before we focus on the computation of the connectivity. Within SP/sup 2/INN, connectivity parameters are stored in an external memory, while the actual connections are computed online based on defined connectivity rules. The communication between the SP/sup 2/INN processor and the external memory represents a bottle-neck for the system performance. We show this problem is handled efficiently by introducing a tag scheme and a target-oriented addressing method. The SP/sup 2/INN processor is described in a high-level hardware description language. We present its implementation in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, but also discuss advantages and drawbacks of implementing it on a field programmable gate array.

7.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci ; 16(5): 241-7, 2000 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10969519

RESUMO

Intravenous electrocardiograph (IVECG) can correctly positioning the catheter tip by enlarging p wave as it is moved toward right atrium, and it is a safe, reliable and accurate technique. To evaluate the efficacy of wire-conducted IVECG signal and IVECG signal from the port with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) flushed catheter and to compare those with conventional anatomy landmark method was the propose of this study. This prospective study was carried out in 216 patients who suffered from malignant diseases. The correct position of the catheter tip among these groups was confirmed as follows. In group 1 (n = 80), the anatomy landmark method and portable chest radiograph recognized the correct position. In group 2 (n = 72), IVECG signal was conducted from guide wire to identify the tip position. In group 3 (n = 64), IVECG signal was conducted from the port with NaHCO3 (0.8 mEq/mL) flushed catheter to ascertain the tip position. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly among the groups. The duration of operation was significantly (P < 0.001) longer in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (45.4 +/- 9.3 minutes vs 35.7 +/- 8.0 minutes and 35.2 +/- 9.7 minutes, respectively). Catheter tip placement times were shorter in group 2 and group 3 than in group 1 (5.3 +/- 2.9 minutes and 6.4 +/- 3.0 minutes vs 16.7 +/- 5.7 minutes, respectively); there was a statistically significant difference between the group 1 and group 2 and group 3 (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, the duration of operation and catheter tip placement time was similar in group 2 and group 3. Early and late complications within the subsequent 3 months showed no significant difference among groups. We concluded that IVECG signal conducted from guide wire obtained a similar efficiency to that signal from the port with NaHCO3 flushed catheter on positioning the catheter tip of the venous Port-A-Cath system. It is recommended to use these methods to facilitate implanting long-term central venous devices.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Bicarbonato de Sódio
8.
Neuroscience ; 161(4): 1135-43, 2009 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19376198

RESUMO

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of rat sciatic nerve produces a specific pattern of electrophysiological changes in the superficial dorsal horn that lead to central sensitization that is associated with neuropathic pain. These changes can be recapitulated in spinal cord organotypic cultures by long term (5-6 days) exposure to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (200 ng/ml). Certain lines of evidence suggest that both CCI and BDNF increase excitatory synaptic drive to putative excitatory neurons while reducing that to putative inhibitory interneurons. Because BDNF slows the rate of discharge of synaptically-driven action potentials in inhibitory neurons, it should also decrease the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) throughout the superficial dorsal horn. To test this possibility, we characterized superficial dorsal horn neurons in organotypic cultures according to five electrophysiological phenotypes that included tonic, delay and irregular firing neurons. Five to 6 days of treatment with 200 ng/ml BDNF decreased sIPSC frequency in tonic and irregular neurons as might be expected if BDNF selectively decreases excitatory synaptic drive to inhibitory interneurons. The frequency of sIPSCs in delay neurons was however increased. Further analysis of the action of BDNF on tetrodotoxin-resistant miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) showed that the frequency was increased in delay neurons, unchanged in tonic neurons and decreased in irregular neurons. BDNF may thus reduce action potential frequency in those inhibitory interneurons that project to tonic and irregular neurons but not in those that project to delay neurons.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/farmacologia , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Inibidores/fisiologia , Células do Corno Posterior/fisiologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Inibidores/efeitos dos fármacos , Interneurônios/fisiologia , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/fisiologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Células do Corno Posterior/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Neuropatia Ciática/fisiopatologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinapses/fisiologia , Tetrodotoxina/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Genes Immun ; 7(2): 101-12, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16355110

RESUMO

We constructed and analyzed six serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) libraries to identify genes with previously uncharacterized roles in spleen or thymus development. A total of 625 070 tags were sequenced from the three spleen (embryonic day (E)15.5, E16.5 and adult) and three thymus (E15.5, E18.5 and adult) libraries. These tags corresponded to 83 182 tag types, which mapped unambiguously to 36 133 different genes. Genes over-represented in these libraries, compared to 115 mouse SAGE libraries (www.mouseatlas.org), included genes of known and unknown immunological or developmental relevance. The expression profiles of 11 genes with unknown roles in spleen and thymus development were validated using reverse transcription-qPCR. We further characterized the expression of one of these candidates, RIKEN cDNA 9230105E10 that encodes a murine homolog of Trim5alpha, in numerous adult tissues and immune cell types. In addition, we demonstrate that transcript levels are upregulated in response to TLR stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages. This work provides the first evidence of regulated and cell type-specific expression of this gene. In addition, these observations suggest that the SAGE libraries provide an important resource for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms regulating spleen and thymus organogenesis, as well as the development of immunological competence.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Biblioteca Gênica , Baço/imunologia , Timo/imunologia , Fatores de Transcrição , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células Cultivadas , DNA Complementar , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células NIH 3T3 , Gravidez , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Baço/embriologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Timo/embriologia
10.
J Reconstr Microsurg ; 1(4): 305-8, 1985 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-4057170

RESUMO

This article introduces a free flap based on the medial femoral main cutaneous artery. Flap transfer was carried out in two cases with complete postoperative success. An anatomical description of the midportion of the medial femoral region, based on magnification and binocular dissection microscope studies is provided, and the operative procedure is described.


Assuntos
Artéria Femoral/transplante , Microcirurgia/métodos , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Adulto , Queimaduras por Corrente Elétrica/cirurgia , Cicatriz/cirurgia , Veia Femoral/transplante , Traumatismos do Antebraço/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pele/inervação , Cicatrização , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Punho/cirurgia
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