Oral pigmented lesions in syndromic individuals: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically integrate the available data published in the literature on oral pigmented lesions (OPL) associated with syndromes, summarizing the clinical and demographic features of the individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was undertaken in six databases. Eligibility criteria were articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese describing case reports or case series of OPL associated with syndromes. Data were aggregated and statistically evaluated. RESULTS: About 108 articles reporting 149 cases of individuals with syndromes were identified. Among the affected individuals, nine syndromes were reported. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.93 years (0.41 to 83 years), with a predilection for white (n = 85/85.86%) female (n = 102/68.46%) individuals. As regards the number of lesions, 109 (73.15%) were multiple and 40 (26.85%) were single. Lip represented the anatomical location more affected (122 cases/38.01%), followed by the buccal mucosa (100 cases/31.15%). Brownish lesions accounted for 82 (69.49%) cases. The mean time of evolution was 10.52 years (0.16 to 56 years). OPL preceding diagnosis of the syndrome was observed in 111 (74.50%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although these syndromes are uncommon, dentists should be able to recognize their manifestations, since oral manifestations can represent an important aspect in early diagnosis.

Development of functional fillers as a self-healing system for dental resin composite.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incorporation of repairing capsules containing different monomers and polymerization modulators on the self-healing efficiency of an experimental photopolymerizable resin-based composite. METHODS: Self-healing capsules containing different monomers and polymerization modulators were prepared by emulsion polymerization: TCDHEPT (TEGDMA and DHEPT), BTCDHEPT (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and DHEPT), and BTCBPO (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and BPO). The capsules were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The capsules were added into experimental photopolymerizable resin composites establishing the following groups: ER (Control without capsules), ER+BPO, ER+BPO+TCDHEPT, and ER+BTCBPO+BTCDHEPT. Filtek Z350 resin composite (3 M ESPE) was used as a commercial reference. The materials were tested for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (σf), elastic modulus (Ef), fracture toughness (virgin KIC), self-healing efficiency (healed KIC), and roughness. For statistical analysis, the significance value was established at an a = 0.05 level. RESULTS: When compared to the control material, the incorporation of repairing capsules did not affect DC, σf, and Ef. Fracture toughness was statistically similar between the experimental groups (p ≤ 0.05). Healed KIC was statistically different between the groups ER+TCDHEP and ER+BTCBPO+BTCDHEPT; the self-healing efficiency was higher for ER+TCDHEPT. Surface roughness was statistically similar among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The use of self-healing capsules promoted repair of the material. Studies with material aging after the self-healing process are necessary to better demonstrate the effectiveness of this system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The self-healing system seemed to be a promising technology to be used in self-repaired restorative materials, which may prevent restoration fractures.

Avaliação do efeito da termociclagem na estabilidade de cor e rugosidade superficial de duas resinas compostas comerciais / Evaluation of thermocycling effect on color stability and surface roughness of two commercial resin composite

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do envelhecimento térmico por termociclagem na estabilidade de cor e rugosidade superficial de duas resinas compostas, avaliar grau de conversão (GC), sorção (SO), solubilidade (SL) e microdureza. Material e método: Foram confeccionados 10 espécimes (6 mm x 1 mm) para cada resina: Filtek Z350 XT (Z350XT) e Estelite Sigma Quick (ES). Foram avaliados: GC, utilizando um espectrofotômetro no infravermelho, SO e SL. A avaliação da microdureza Vickers (MV) e densidade de ligações cruzadas foi realizada antes e após a imersão em etanol por 24 h. A rugosidade superficial e a estabilidade de cor (CIEDE2000) foram avaliadas antes e após envelhecimento térmico por 2000 ciclos, alternando 30 s a 5°, 37° e 55° C. A estabilidade de cor e translucidez foram avaliadas com um espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t (α=0,05). Resultados: ES apresentou resultados de GC maiores (62,5% ± 3,7) que Z350XT (48,7% ± 6,9) (p=0,004). Ambas resinas apresentaram resultados de SO e SL similares. A MV final da ES diminuiu 13% com relação a inicial (p=0,115). Z350XT apresentou diminuição de 17% (p=0,004). ES apresentou aumento de 115% na rugosidade superficial após a termociclagem (p=0,001), enquanto a Z350XT apresentou diminuição de 35% (p=0,299). ES apresentou menor alteração de cor (0,280 ± 0,093), quando comparada a Z350XT (0,549 ± 0,183). A translucidez foi similar para ambos materiais (ES=30,80; Z350XT=30,35). Conclusão: A termociclagem influenciou na alteração de cor e rugosidade superficial das resinas compostas, demonstrando que podem ser alteradas pela degradação na matriz polimérica.

Objective: To evaluate the thermocycling effect on color stability and surface roughness of two resin composites and also evaluate the degree of conversion (GC), sorption (SO), solubility (SL) and microhardness. Material and method: 10 specimens (6 mm x 1 mm) were made for each resin: Filtek Z350 XT (Z350XT) and Estelite Sigma Quick (ES). The following were evaluated: GC, using an infrared spectroscopy, SO and SL. Vickers microhardness (MV) and cross-link density evaluation was performed before and after immersion in ethanol for 24 hours. Surface roughness and color stability (CIEDE2000) were evaluated before and after thermal aging for 2000 cycles, alternating between 30 s at 5°, 37° and 55° C. Color stability and translucency were assessed with a spectrophotometer. Data were submitted to t test (α= 0.05). Results: ES presented higher GC results (62.5% ± 3.7) than Z350XT (48.7% ± 6.9) (p= 0.004). Both resins showed similar SO and SL results. The final MV of ES decreased 13% in relation to the initial (p= 0.115). Z350XT decreased by 17% (p= 0.004). ES showed a 115% increase in surface roughness after thermocycling (p= 0.001), while the Z350XT showed a 35% decrease (p= 0.299). ES showed less color change (0.280 ± 0.093) when compared to Z350XT (0.549 ± 0.183). The translucency was similar for both materials (ES= 30.80; Z350XT= 30.35). Conclusion: Thermocycling influenced the change in color stability and surface roughness of composite resins, demonstrating that they may be altered by degradation in the polymer matrix.