Higher plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations are associated with less favorable phenotype in overweight/obese men.

PURPOSE: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria might be an inflammation trigger in adipose tissue. It has recently been proposed that there is a link between adipose tissue distribution and blood LPS. However, the number of studies on this topic is scarce, and further investigation in humans is required. In this study, we explored the association between plasma LPS concentrations and body fat distribution, as well as the biochemical parameters that may indicate the presence of metabolic disorders. METHODS: Sixty-seven young adult men with body mass index of 26-35 kg/m(2) were evaluated. Anthropometry, body composition and body fat distribution, blood pressure, energy expenditure, physical activity level, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Men with median plasma LPS ≥ 0.9 EU/mL presented higher sagittal abdominal diameter, trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) than those with lower plasma LPS. LPS correlated positively with the trunk fat percentage, and android fat percentage, and mass, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a higher plasma LPS concentration is associated with a less favorable phenotype as characterized by higher central adiposity, higher values of HOMA-IR, and beta cell function impairment in overweight/obese men.

Regular intake of high-oleic peanuts improves fat oxidation and body composition in overweight/obese men pursuing a energy-restricted diet.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of high-oleic and conventional peanuts within a hypocaloric-diet on energy metabolism and body composition. METHODS: This 4-week randomized clinical trial included males with BMI of 29.7 ± 2.4 kg m(-2) and aged between 18 and 50 years. Participants were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22) that followed a hypocaloric-diet; conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22) or high-oleic peanuts (HOP, n = 21) that received the hypocaloric-diet including (not adding) 56 g day(-1) of peanuts. Glucose, fat oxidation, and body fatness and lean mass were the main outcomes. RESULTS: Body weight and composition did not differ between groups. However, within group total body fat (kg) reduced with CVP and HOP, with a significant decrease in body fat percentage in HOP. While total lean mass (kg) decreased in CT, total lean mass (%) increased in HOP. Truncal lean mass decreased in the CT. At baseline, HOP had greater postprandial fat oxidation than the CVP. After 4-weeks, fasting fat oxidation increased in CVP and HOP. Fat oxidation increased in CT and HOP during the 200 min after meal intake compared to the fasting condition. CONCLUSION: Regular peanut consumption, especially the high-oleic type, within a hypocaloric-diet increased fat oxidation and reduced body fatness in overweigh and obese men.

High-oleic peanuts: new perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of acute and daily consumption of high-oleic peanuts (HOP) on inflammation and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men. METHODS: In a 4-week randomized clinical trial, males with body mass index of 29.8 ± 2.3 kg/m(2) and aged 18-50 years were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22); or HOP (n = 21). They followed a hypocaloric-diet with or without 56 g/day of CVP or HOP. Main outcomes were changes in fasting blood biomarkers and postprandial insulin, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses after acute peanut intake. RESULTS: At baseline, HOP showed significantly lower postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, and TNF-α than CVP and CT. Changes in fasting blood biomarkers did not differ between groups after the 4-week intervention. However, within groups, total cholesterol decreased in CT, and all groups reduced High-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Triglycerides were reduced in HOP and CVP. IL-10 increased significantly in all groups while only the CT and CVP showed increased TNF-α after intervention. CONCLUSION: Acute high-oleic peanut consumption leads to stronger moderation of postprandial glucose, insulin, and TNF-α concentrations than CVP and control meal intake. Whether daily intake of high-oleic peanuts has additional benefits to CVP remains uncertain.