RESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess author credentials of quantitative research in nursing, the composition of the research teams, and the disciplinary focus of the theories tested. DESIGN: Nursing Research, Western Journal of Nursing Research, and Journal of Advanced Nursing were selected for this descriptive study; 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 were included. The final sample consisted of 484 quantitative research articles. FINDINGS: From 1990 to 2010, there was an increase in first authors holding doctoral degrees, research from other countries, and funding. Solo authorship decreased; multi-authorship and multidisciplinary teams increased. Theories tested were mostly from psychology; the testing of nursing theory was modest. Multidisciplinary research far outdistanced interdisciplinary research. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative nursing research can be characterized as multidisciplinary (distinct theories from different disciplines) rather than discipline-specific to nursing. Interdisciplinary (theories synthesized from different disciplines) research has been conducted minimally. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides information about the growth of the scientific knowledge base of nursing, which has implications for practice.
Assuntos
Pesquisa em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Pesquisa em Enfermagem/tendências , Autoria , Credenciamento , Humanos , Teoria de Enfermagem , Teoria PsicológicaRESUMO
A sample of 134 young adolescents attending a middle school responded to the Perceived Stress Scale, the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents, and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Correlational analyses indicated that higher scores on stress were significantly associated with lower scores on hope (r = -.55) and higher scores on loneliness (r = .52). Unlike an earlier study with predominately ethnic minority adolescents, the present findings with predominately Euro-American adolescents supported the relationship proposed between stress and hope; the relationship proposed between stress and loneliness was supported.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Solidão/psicologia , Motivação , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria , SocializaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a vast body of empirical work on adolescent anger, but no efforts have been made to summarize findings across nonintervention studies. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to identify predictors for anger in adolescents through a comprehensive review of the literature, to use quantitative meta-analysis to determine the magnitude of the relationship between each predictor and anger, and to examine the influence of selected moderators on the relationship between each predictor and anger. METHOD: The literature review included 288 published studies and 87 unpublished doctoral dissertation completed between 1980 and 2007, of which 88 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve prominent predictors for anger were identified in the 88 studies. Each predictor related to anger was subjected to a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Five predictors (trait anger, anxiety, depression, stress, and exposure to violence) had moderate to substantial average effect sizes, four predictors (victim of violence, hostility, self-esteem, and social support) had low to moderate effect sizes, and three predictors (age, race/ethnicity, and gender) had trivial effect sizes. DISCUSSION: The findings are interpreted for nine predictors in relation to anger. The contributions and limitations of these meta-analyses are addressed, and future studies are recommended.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Ira , Psicologia do Adolescente/estatística & dados numéricos , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Ira/fisiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Hostilidade , Humanos , Masculino , Teoria Psicológica , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fatores de Risco , Autoimagem , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Violência/psicologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived stress and wellness in early adolescents and to test primary appraisal as a mediator of this relationship using the Neuman Systems Model as the primary framework. The sample consisted of 144 adolescents, ages 12-14, who responded to instruments measuring perceived stress, primary appraisal, and wellness in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the three hypothesized relationships. A series of regression analyses indicated that primary appraisal was a weak mediator of the relationship between perceived stress and wellness. Implications for nursing and recommendations for future studies were addressed.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Modelos de Enfermagem , Modelos Psicológicos , Psicologia do Adolescente , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , New England , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Análise de Regressão , Serviços de Enfermagem Escolar , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Teoria de SistemasRESUMO
A sample of 127 young adolescents attending a middle school responded to the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire, measuring positive health practices, and two subscales of the Profile of Mood States, Vigor-Activity and Fatigue-Inertia. Correlational analysis indicated that higher scores on positive health practices were significantly associated with higher scores on Vigor-Activity (r = .49), and lower scores on Fatigue-Inertia (r = -.45).
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Aptidão Física/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The purposes of this methodological study were to factor analyze the short form of the Tilden Interpersonal Relationship Inventory (IPRI) for early adolescents, and to assess construct validity of the social support and conflict subscales with early adolescents. The sample consisted of 147 early adolescents, aged 12-14, who completed instrument packets in classrooms in a suburban middle school. Data obtained on the IPRI were subjected to principal components factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The two factors that emerged are consistent with the theories underlying the instrument. Factor I was social support, and had a coefficient alpha reliability of .90. Factor II was conflict, and had a coefficient alpha reliability of .86. Construct validity was assessed by testing hypotheses derived from theoretical propositions linking support or conflict to general humor, self-esteem, and symptom patterns; the results of the hypotheses were statistically significant and in the predicted direction. The findings indicate that the social support and conflict subscales of the IPRI have evidence of reliability and validity for early adolescents.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Relações Interpessoais , Psicometria , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The aims of this study were to identify predictors of health practices of pregnant women in the literature reviewed, to use meta-analysis to ascertain the mean effect size (ES) across studies between each predictor and health practices, and to examine four moderators on each predictor-health practices relationship. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for the literature assessed, 32 published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1992 and 2015 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve predictors were identified, and each predictor in relation to health practices was subjected to meta-analysis. One predictor (maternal-fetal attachment) of health practices had a large ES, two predictors (depression and stress) had medium ESs, six predictors (income, education, parity, social support, employment, and age) had small ESs, and three predictors (gestational age, marital status, and race) had trivial ESs. Findings are interpreted relative to health practices in pregnant women.
Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Gestantes/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Apoio SocialRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and positive health practices in early adolescents and to test two variables, depression and optimism, that mediate this relationship. The final sample included 128 adolescents, ages 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring social support, depression, optimism, and positive health practices in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the five hypothesized relationships. A series of regression analyses indicated that depression and optimism each were weak mediators of the relationship between social support and positive health practices. The application of findings to nursing is addressed, using the ACE Star Model for evidence-based practice.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Depressão , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Modelos Psicológicos , Psicologia do Adolescente , Apoio Social , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Depressão/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Família/psicologia , Feminino , Amigos/psicologia , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Moral , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Young adolescents (N=144; 66 boys, 78 girls), ages 12 to 14 years (M=12.2, SD=.8), who reported lower scores on the Low Frustration Tolerance Beliefs Instrument had higher scores on the Perceived Stress Scale and the Profile of Mood States Subscales of Depression and Anxiety.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Cultura , Depressão/psicologia , Frustração , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Criança , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to conduct two meta-analyses. The first examined social support from parents in relation to adolescent hope, and the second examined social support from friends in relation to adolescent hope. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the literature reviewed, nine published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1990 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. Using meta-analytic techniques and the mean weighted r statistic, the results indicated that social support from friends had a stronger mean effect size (ES = .31) than social support from parents (ES = .21); there was a statistically significant difference between the two ESs. Two of the four moderators for the parent social support-adolescent hope relationship were statistically significant. They were quality score and health status. Implications for school nurses and nurses in all settings are addressed, and conclusions are drawn based on the findings.
Assuntos
Amigos/psicologia , Esperança , Pais/psicologia , Apoio Social , Adolescente , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , HumanosRESUMO
148 young adolescents who reported low frustration tolerance also reported more trait anger, state anger, and hostility.
Assuntos
Atitude , Frustração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Hostilidade , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The purposes of this study were to identify predictors of hope in the literature reviewed, to use meta-analysis to determine the mean effect size (ES) across studies between each predictor and hope, and to examine four moderators on each predictor-hope relationship. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the literature reviewed, 77 published studies or doctoral dissertations completed between 1990 and 2012 met the inclusion criteria. Eleven predictors of hope were identified and each predictor in relation to hope was subjected to meta-analysis. Five predictors (positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism, self-esteem, and social support) of hope had large mean ESs, 1 predictor (depression) had a medium ES, 4 predictors (negative affect, stress, academic achievement, and violence) had small ESs, and 1 predictor (gender) had a trivial ES. Findings are interpreted for the 11 predictors in relation to hope. Limitations and conclusions are addressed; future studies are recommended.
Assuntos
Esperança , Psicologia do Adolescente , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Depressão , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Masculino , Otimismo/psicologia , Autoimagem , Apoio SocialRESUMO
The purposes of this study were to examine gender differences in happiness; to examine the relationship between happiness and several health variables, such as perceived health status, clinical health, and wellness, in early adolescents; and to examine further these relationships for boys and girls separately. The final sample consisted of 151 early adolescent boys and girls who were in the seventh and eighth grades of an urban middle school. Students responded to instruments measuring happiness, perceived health status, clinical health, and wellness. Results indicated there were no gender differences in happiness between boys and girls. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between happiness and the health-related variables for the entire sample, with different patterns of relationships when boys and girls were analyzed separately. The application of findings to nursing is discussed.
Assuntos
Felicidade , Nível de Saúde , Psicologia do Adolescente , Caracteres Sexuais , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermagem PediátricaRESUMO
The purposes of this methodological study were to factor analyze the Laffrey Health Conception Scale (LHCS) and to assess construct validity of the instrument with early adolescents. The final sample consisted of 230 early adolescents, aged 12 to 14, who responded to instrument packets in classrooms in an urban middle school. Data obtained on the LHCS were subjected to principal components factor analysis with oblique rotation. A two-factor solution was accepted, which is consistent with early adolescents' conceptions of health. Factor I was labeled Wellness and Factor II was labeled Clinical Health. A higher order factor analysis yielded one factor with 26 items, labeled the LHCS for Early Adolescents. The 26-item LHCS had a coefficient alpha of .95. Construct validity was assessed by testing three theoretical propositions, which significantly linked health conception to social support, self-esteem, and positive health practices. The findings indicate that the LHCS is a reliable and valid measure of health conceptions in early adolescents. Results also offer flexibility to researchers interested in testing theory involving the constructs of the definition of health, wellness, and clinical health in early adolescents.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/normas , Serviços de Enfermagem Escolar/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários/normasRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine a set of variables representing enabling mechanisms vis-à-vis a set of variables representing personality characteristics in relation to happiness in early adolescents: these two theoretical perspectives were assessed using hierarchical analyses of sets that determined which of the two has greater explanatory power in relation to happiness. The final sample consisted of 127 early adolescents, ages 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring happiness, self-esteem, future time perspective, optimism, vigor, change, and social support in classrooms. Using hierarchical analyses of sets, the results indicated that the enabling mechanisms set explained more variance in happiness when entered first (65%) or second (22%) than did the personality characteristics set when entered first (50%) or second (7%) in the analyses. Implicationsfor nursing are addressed.
Assuntos
Felicidade , Teoria Psicológica , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Criança , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Moral , Satisfação Pessoal , Personalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Autoimagem , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This study examines the relationship between social support and positive health practices in early adolescents and tests two variables, loneliness and hopefulness, that theoretically mediate this relationship. The final sample of the study consisted of 134 adolescents, ages 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring social support, loneliness, hopefulness, and positive health practices in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the five hypothesized relationships. A series of regression analyses indicated that loneliness and hopefulness each were weak mediators of the relationship between social support and positive health practices. Implications for nursing practice are addressed.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Apoio Social , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Solidão , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Moral , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Psicologia do Adolescente , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The purposes of this study were to revise the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire (PLQ), a measure of positive health practices, for use with early adolescents and to provide evidence of reliability and validity for the revised PLQ instrument. The sample consisted of 224 seventh and eighth graders who responded to the revised PLQ and instruments measuring three theoretically relevant variables. Relative to the revised PLQ, content validity was established, construct validity was determined by support of three hypotheses derived from theoretical propositions, and a two-factor solution was accepted in factor analysis procedures using principal components analysis with Varimax rotation. Acceptable reliabilities were obtained on the total revised PLQ and Factor 1; the reliability for Factor 2 fell slightly below the acceptable standard.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Estilo de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicometria , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perceived field motion and human field rhythms to perceived health status, health conception, and well-being in early adolescents to determine which health-related variables are most compatible with Rogers' science of unitary human beings. The sample of 142 early adolescents responded to the study instruments in classrooms. The correlations between perceived field motion and each of the other variables were statistically significant, and increased in magnitude from perceived health status to health conception to well-being. These results give credence to Rogers' evolving philosophical belief that the term well-being is more compatible than health in her science.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Holística , Modelos de Enfermagem , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Diferencial Semântico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to test a mediational model, developed within the science of unitary human beings, by examining the relationship between humor and eudaimonistic health conception in early adolescents and by examining the extent to which perceived field motion mediated this relationship. The sample consisted of 136 adolescents, aged 12 to 14, who responded to instruments measuring humor, perceived field motion, and eudaimonistic health conception in classroom settings. Correlational analysis supported the three hypothesized relationships. Regression analyses indicated that perceived field motion was one mediator of the relationship between humor and eudaimonistic health conception.
Assuntos
Saúde Holística , Movimento (Física) , Negociação , Senso de Humor e Humor como Assunto , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to extend knowledge about loneliness and health-related variables. In classrooms, 135 early adolescents responded to measures of loneliness, symptom patterns, and perceived health status. Statistically significant correlations were found for loneliness scores with ratings for symptom patterns (.44) and with ratings for perceived health status (-.46).