Prospective pilot study utilizing changes in quantitative values obtained on serial fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma before and after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and carboplatin chemotherapy to assess for prediction of survival and therapeutic effectiveness.

Serial fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-CT (PET/CT) is commonly used in human oncology to prognosticate and evaluate for therapeutic effectiveness. In this pilot study, dogs with naturally occurring appendicular osteosarcoma were evaluated with serial 18F-FDG PET/CT in an attempt to assess for response to therapy, prognostic factors, and appropriateness of imaging intervals. Fourteen dogs were enrolled in the trial. All dogs had the initial 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET1), with nine dogs having their end-of-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT (EoT PET) 3 months after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the primary tumor. The median percent change from the PET1 to the EoT PET for the standard uptake value maximum (SUVmax%) was -58% (range: -17 to -88%), metabolic tumor volume (MTV%) was -99.8% (range: -65 to -100%), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG%) was -99.8% (range: -75 to -100%), all of which were significant (P < .05, <.05, and <.05, respectively). On evaluation, it was found that volumes of GTV and CTV were significant for survival (P < .05 and <.05), MTV1, TLG1, and SUVmax on the EoT PET (SUVmaxEoT) were predictive of metastasis (P < .05), and the SUVmax% was significantly correlated to the time to first event (P < .05). Based on this data, serial 18F-FDG PET/CT performed 3 months after SBRT can show a significant reduction in avidity, and the quantitative data collected may help predict metastatic disease in canine appendicular osteosarcoma.

CT characteristics and proposed scoring scheme are predictive of pathologic fracture in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an established limb-sparing treatment for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) and pathologic fractures are a common sequela. The objectives of this retrospective, observational, and descriptive study were to develop and evaluate objective CT criteria for predicting pathologic fractures and assess impacts on survival time. Included dogs had confirmed or suspected appendicular OSA, available CT scans, available outcome data, and were treated with SBRT. For each study, the number of quartiles affected by lysis on the most severely affected transverse slice, longest measurable length of contiguous full cortical lysis, presence of subchondral bone lysis, and ratio of the length of the affected bone to normal bone were recorded. A scoring system was developed for assigning grades (summed score 1-4 = grade 1, 5-7 = grade 2, and 8 or greater = grade 3.) A total of 127 CT datasets were sampled (123 patients). The median summed score was 7. The grade was correlated with pathologic fracture development (23% of grade 1, 35% of grade 2, and 57% of grade 3 resulting in fracture, P = 0.028). Subchondral bone lysis was correlated with fracture (odds ratio, 2.2, P = 0.02). Percent affected bone ≥40% was associated with decreased survival (P = 0.002). Dogs with <40% of affected bone had a median survival of 256 days versus 178 days for dogs with ≥40% affected bone. Findings from the current study can be used to assist in determining prognosis and planning radiation therapy for future dogs affected by appendicular OSA.

Comparative study of the collapsed cone convolution and Monte Carlo algorithms for radiation therapy planning of canine sinonasal tumors reveals significant dosimetric differences.

Computer-based radiation therapy requires high targeting and dosimetric precision. Analytical dosimetric algorithms typically are fast and clinically viable but can have increasing errors near air-bone interfaces. These are commonly found within dogs undergoing radiation planning for sinonasal cancer. This retrospective methods comparison study is designed to compare the dosimetry of both tumor volumes and organs at risk and quantify the differences between collapsed cone convolution (CCC) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms. Canine sinonasal tumor plans were optimized with CCC and then recalculated by MC with identical control points and monitor units. Planning target volume (PTV)air , PTVsoft tissue , and PTVbone were created to analyze the dose discrepancy within the PTV. Thirty imaging sets of dogs were included. Monte Carlo served as the gold standard calculation for the dosimetric comparison. Collapsed cone convolution overestimated the mean dose (Dmean ) to PTV and PTVsoft tissue by 0.9% and 0.5%, respectively (both P < 0.001). Collapsed cone convolution overestimated Dmean to PTVbone by 3% (P < 0.001). Collapsed cone convolution underestimated the near-maximum dose (D2 ) to PTVair by 1.1% (P < 0.001), and underestimated conformity index and homogeneity index in PTV (both P < 0.001). Mean doses of contralateral and ipsilateral eyes were overestimated by CCC by 1.6% and 1.7%, respectively (both P < 0.001). Near-maximum doses of skin and brain were overestimated by CCC by 2.2% and 0.7%, respectively (both P < 0.001). As clinical accessibility of Monte Carlo becomes more widespread, dose constraints may need to be re-evaluated with appropriate plan evaluation and follow-up.

[Offer a physical activity to the patient : the platform "Je me bouge pour ma santé" ("I move for my health")]. / Proposer une activité physique aux patient-e-s : la plateforme « Je me bouge pour ma santé ¼.

Adapted physical education services are numerous but their access is limited by scattered and disease-linked information. « Je me bouge pour ma santé¼ website centralizes the offers available in the canton of Vaud. Any sedentary people wishing to move again can thus find an adapted physical activity program. This website proposing more than 300 offers is a useful tool for patients, their medical doctors, or other health professionals who want to counsel and help them find an adapted physical activity.

Les offres d'activité physique adaptée sont nombreuses mais leur accès est entravé par la dispersion des informations souvent ciblées par maladie. Le site « Je me bouge pour ma santé ¼ recense les prestations proposées dans le canton de Vaud pour permettre à toute personne sédentaire souhaitant se mettre, ou se remettre, à bouger de trouver chaussure à son pied, quels que soient ses besoins, attentes et limitations fonctionnelles. Le site regroupe plus de 300 offres et constitue un outil utile tant pour les personnes concernées que pour les médecins et autres professionnel-le-s de la santé souhaitant les conseiller pour la reprise d'une activité.

3D-printed bolus improves dose distribution for veterinary patients treated with photon beam radiation therapy.

Commercial bolus is frequently used to increase dose at the patient's surface for superficial radiotherapy; however, uneven surfaces can create air gaps and discrepancies between prescribed and delivered dose. The purpose of this study was to determine if a customizable, 3D-printed bolus would improve dosimetry compared with a commercial bolus. For each patient, a planned bolus was generated within planning software, then created with 3D-printing. The treatment plan was recalculated with each bolus in situ. When evaluating tumor volumes at prescription, the 3D-printed bolus was closer to prescription compared to the commercial bolus. There was a significant difference in air gaps in patients receiving radiotherapy to the head (P < 0.001) but the difference was not significant for air gaps in caudal body sites (P = 0.05). Overall, the 3D-printed bolus resulted in reduced air gaps, dosimetry closer to prescription, and should be considered for superficial treatment areas of high irregularity.

Un bolus obtenu par impression 3D améliore la distribution de la dose de patients vétérinaires traités par radiation de faisceau de photons. Un bolus commercial est fréquemment utilisé pour augmenter la dose à la surface d'un patient lors de radiothérapie de surface; toutefois, des surfaces inégales peuvent créer des espaces d'air et ainsi des différences entre la dose prescrite et la dose livrée. Le but de la présente étude était de déterminer si un bolus sur mesure, obtenu par impression 3D, améliorerait la dosimétrie comparativement à un bolus commercial. Pour chaque patient, un bolus planifié fut généré à l'aide d'un logiciel de planification, puis créé avec une imprimante 3D. Le plan de traitement fut recalculé avec chaque bolus in situ. Lors de l'évaluation du volume des tumeurs à la prescription, le bolus obtenu par impression 3D était plus près de la prescription comparativement au bolus commercial. Il y avait une différence significative dans les espaces d'air chez les patients recevant la radiothérapie à la tête (P < 0,001) mais la différence n'était pas significative pour les espaces d'air sur les sites corporels en partie caudale (P = 0,05). De manière globale, le bolus obtenu par impression 3D a résulté en une diminution des espaces d'air, une dosimétrie plus près de la prescription et devrait être considéré lors du traitement de surfaces superficielles hautement irrégulières.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis to dermal vessels leads to local vascular damage and purpura in a humanized mouse model.

Septic shock caused by Neisseria meningitidis is typically rapidly evolving and often fatal despite antibiotic therapy. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease is necessary to reduce fatality rates. Postmortem samples from the characteristic purpuric rashes of the infection show bacterial aggregates in close association with microvessel endothelium but the species specificity of N. meningitidis has previously hindered the development of an in vivo model to study the role of adhesion on disease progression. Here we introduced human dermal microvessels into SCID/Beige mice by xenografting human skin. Bacteria injected intravenously exclusively associated with the human vessel endothelium in the skin graft. Infection was accompanied by a potent inflammatory response with the secretion of human inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Importantly, infection also led to local vascular damage with hemostasis, thrombosis, vascular leakage and finally purpura in the grafted skin, replicating the clinical presentation for the first time in an animal model. The adhesive properties of the type IV pili of N. meningitidis were found to be the main mediator of association with the dermal microvessels in vivo. Bacterial mutants with altered type IV pili function also did not trigger inflammation or lead to vascular damage. This work demonstrates that local type IV pili mediated adhesion of N. meningitidis to the vascular wall, as opposed to circulating bacteria, determines vascular dysfunction in meningococcemia.

A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Outcomes of Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy as a Treatment for Infiltrative Lipomas in Twenty-One Dogs.

Infiltrative lipomas represent a subcategorisation of rarer, potentially more aggressive, lipoma-related neoplasms. Twenty-one dogs treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for infiltrative lipomas were included in this retrospective study. One patient had no prior surgical excision, 11 patients had one prior surgery and 9 patients had two or more surgeries prior to CFRT. Five patients (24%) had microscopic disease and 16 patients (76%) had macroscopic disease prior to treatment. A complete response or no regrowth was seen in 10 patients (48%), stable disease in 6 patients (29%) and progressive disease or regrowth in 5 patients (24%). Response to treatment of macroscopic tumours was significantly different between dogs that had one prior surgery versus two or more (p = 0.01). Dogs with a single surgery were most likely to result in stable disease compared with dogs with two or more surgeries resulting in a complete response. The dog without surgery developed progressive disease at 211 days, dogs with one surgery had a median progression or recurrence at 1369 days and dogs with two or more surgeries developed progression or recurrence at 826 days (p = 0.04). Twelve dogs were alive at the time of analysis. Overall median survival time (MST) was 1694 days. The prior number of surgeries did not significantly affect MST. While survival time is comparable to previous reports, the number of patients with progressive disease or recurrence of previous microscopic disease requires more investigation into the most appropriate protocol, dose and treated field size.

Mental Health Aftercare Availability for Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth in New York City.

The goal of our study was to describe the availability of community child and adolescent mental health services, trauma-informed care, and the geographic accessibility of these services for juvenile justice-involved (JJ) youth who received mental health services while in secure detention. Data collection occurred through direct contact with the child and adolescent outpatient clinics listed on the New York State Office of Mental Health website. Zip codes were collected from the juvenile secure detention census. Of the clinics contacted, 88.5 percent accepted JJ youth; however, 43.5 percent accepted them on a conditional basis. Only 62.1 percent offered trauma-informed care, including evidence-based interventions and unspecified care. Although 84.5 percent of the clinics that would accept this population reported currently accepting new patients, reported wait times were as high as six or more months. When JJ residents' home zip codes and those of the clinics were geographically mapped, there were few clinics in the zip codes where most residents lived. The clinics that accepted youth on a conditional basis often refused high-risk patients, essentially ruling out a large majority of this population. The geographical inaccessibility of these clinics limits their ability to provide care for this vulnerable population.

Response of Spontaneous Oral Tumors in Canine Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT).

To describe outcome and toxicity for dogs with oral tumors, specifically oral malignant melanoma (OMM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A single institution retrospective study was conducted. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis. Treatment responses at different time points were evaluated with Pearson's Chi-squared test to identify prognostic factors. Acute and late toxicities were recorded according to VRTOG criteria and were analyzed to identify risk factors. Adverse events other than acute and late toxicities were recorded. A total of 98 patients met the inclusion criteria (OMM n = 37; SCC n = 18; STS n = 43). The SBRT prescription was 1-6 fractions, with a total dose range of 12-40 Gy. Local progression-free survival (PFS) for OMM, SCC, and STS was 187, 253, and 161 days, respectively. Overall PFS was 152 days and median survival time (MST) was 270 days, with no statistical difference between tumor types. The presence of lymph node metastasis and the use of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) were associated with shorted PFS and MST. Severe acute toxicities to organs at risk affected 10/85 (11.8%) of patients. Osteoradionecrosis and oronasal fistula formation occurred in 23/81 (28.4%) of patients and was significantly associated with tumor type (SCC, P = 0.006). BRT can be offered as a treatment option for oral tumors in dogs. Toxicities were common and warrant risk factor considerations and adjustments to current SBRT protocols.

Outcomes of 35 dogs with craniomaxillofacial osteosarcoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Canine craniomaxillofacial osteosarcoma (OSA) is most commonly treated surgically; however, in cases where surgery is not feasible or non-invasive treatment is desired, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may be elected for local tumour control. In this study, we evaluated 35 dogs treated with SBRT. Nine dogs (26%) had calvarial, seven (20%) had mandibular and 19 (54%) had maxillary OSA. Median time to first event (TFE) was 171 days, and overall median survival time (MST) was 232 days. Site-specific MSTs were 144 days for mandible, 236 days for calvarium and 232 days for maxilla (p = .49). Pulmonary metastatic disease was observed in 12/35 (34%) patients and was detected pre-SBRT in six dogs (17%) and post-SBRT in the remaining six dogs (17%). Eighteen adverse events post-SBRT were documented. Per veterinary radiation therapy oncology group criteria, five were acute (14%) and three were late (9%) grade 3 events. Neurological signs in two dogs were suspected to be early-delayed effects. Cause of death was local progression for 22/35 (63%) patients, metastasis for 9/35 (26%) patients and unknown for four. On univariate analysis, administration of chemotherapy was associated with a longer TFE (p = .0163), whereas volume of gross tumour volume was associated with a shorter TFE (p = .023). Administration of chemotherapy and five fractions versus single fraction of SBRT was associated with increased survival time (p = .0021 and .049). Based on these findings, a treatment protocol incorporating chemotherapy and five fractions of SBRT could be considered for dogs with craniomaxillofacial OSA electing SBRT with careful consideration of normal tissues in the field.

Surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy for management of canine soft tissue sarcoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 272 dogs (2010-2020).

OBJECTIVE: To report local progression and survival in dogs following surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy (dRT) for management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and to evaluate risk factors for local progression and survival. METHODS: Records were retrospectively reviewed at 9 referral hospitals for dogs managed with postoperative dRT between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2020, following surgery for STS. Data related to presentation, surgery, dRT, systemic therapy, and outcome were abstracted. Selected variables were assessed for association with local progression and overall survival. RESULTS: 272 dogs were included. Histologic grade was reported in 249 dogs: 102 were grade 1 (40.9%), 120 were grade 2 (48.2%), and 27 were grade 3 (10.8%). Local progression was suspected or confirmed in 56 dogs. Local progression rates were similar for grade 1 (24 of 89 [26.7%]), grade 2 (23 of 111 [20.7%]), and grade 3 tumors (6 of 22 [27.3%]). Previous recurrence (P = .010) and subsequent distant metastasis (P = .014) were associated with more frequent local progression; intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with decreased local progression (P = .025) compared to other forms of delivery. Age (P = .049), grade (P = .009), previous recurrence (P = .009), and institution type for surgery (P = .043) were associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes for most dogs were good; however, the frequency of local progression indicates an ongoing need to critically appraise local management strategies, particularly for low-grade STS. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with lower rates of local progression and may be preferred to less precise forms of delivery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data may guide clinicians when making decisions regarding dRT for management of STS.

Superficial kilovoltage x-ray radiotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors on the head in three dogs and one cat: a limited retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVE: To report preliminary findings of hypofractionated superficial radiotherapy for treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) and report the acute and late toxicity associated with its use. ANIMALS: 3 dogs and 1 cat. PROCEDURES: In this retrospective study, medical records from January 2021 through July 2022 were searched for animals that received superficial radiation therapy for MCTs of the head. RESULTS: 4 patients with 5 MCTs were included. Three of the masses were periocular and required protection of the globe with a tungsten eye shield. One patient did not complete the intended protocol due to diffuse metastatic spread noted after the second fraction. Of the 3 patients that completed their protocol, 100% had a complete response. Two canine patients were treated adjunctively with toceranib. Two of the 4 patients experienced grade 1 acute veterinary radiation therapy oncology group (VRTOG) toxicity, and the 3 patients that completed their protocol experienced grade 1 late VRTOG toxicity. No radiation effects were documented to the cornea or lens in any patient. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Superficial radiation therapy was effective in our limited study population, and patients experienced minimal side effects for treatment of cutaneous MCTs.

Configuration of pathologic fractures in dogs with osteosarcoma following stereotactic body radiation therapy: A retrospective analysis.

For some cases of canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA), limb-sparing treatment options are often desired, one of which is stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). A major complication of SBRT is fracture of the irradiated bone at the site of treatment. The present study evaluated 127 appendicular OSA sites in 122 dogs treated with SBRT to identify the most common pathologic fracture locations and configurations. A total of 50 tumours experienced a pathologic fracture, and 38 had imaging sufficient to identify fracture configuration. The distal tibia was more likely to develop a fracture than other sites. Multiple types of fracture configuration (transverse, oblique, spiral and comminuted) were observed. The distal radius was significantly more likely to develop a transverse fracture than other sites. Documentation of fracture location and configuration leads to the identification of the forces contributing to fracture occurrence, since each configuration is a result of different forces acting on each affected bone. Such knowledge is imperative for the development of new approaches to diminish the occurrence of pathologic fractures.

Partial ulnar ostectomy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and palliative radiation therapy as local limb sparing treatment modalities for ulnar tumors in dogs.

Background: Information on dogs that undergo limb preserving local treatment for ulnar tumors is currently limited. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in dogs that underwent partial ulnectomy or radiation therapy (RT) for ulnar bone tumors, and to evaluate potential risk factors for outcomes as well as pre-treatment factors for association with treatment modality selected. Animals: Forty client-owned dogs that underwent partial ulnectomy or RT for an ulnar tumor from July 2006 to July 2021. Methods: The medical records database from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed, and data were recorded and analyzed. Results: Radiation therapy was performed in 24 dogs, with 12 stereotactic body RT (SBRT) and 12 palliative RT (PRT) plans, and partial ulnectomy was performed in 16 dogs. Biomechanical complications occurred in 6/12 (50%) dogs that underwent SBRT, 6/12 (50%) dogs that underwent PRT, and 3/16 (18.8%) dogs that underwent ulnectomy. The majority of dogs had a good functional outcome following partial ulnectomy, and no dogs required surgical stabilization of the carpus even with lateral styloid process excision. Pathologic fracture occurred in 4/12 (33.3%) dogs following SBRT and 5/12 (41.7%) dogs following PRT. Local progression or recurrence was documented in 5/12 (41.7%) dogs that underwent SBRT, 2/12 (16.7%) dogs that underwent PRT, and 2/16 (12.5%) dogs that underwent ulnectomy. The overall median survival time was 198 days, and factors that were significantly associated with improved survival time included adjuvant chemotherapy administration and partial ulnectomy as local treatment method for dogs that received chemotherapy. Clinical relevance: Both RT and ulnectomy were effective and well tolerated local treatment modalities for dogs with ulnar tumors.

Canine salivary gland carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy: a retrospective case series.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic outcomes of dogs with locally advanced salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods: A single institution retrospective study was conducted of client-owned dogs with macroscopic SGC treated with SBRT. Patient signalment, clinical characteristics, and treatment parameters were recorded. Clinical benefit was determined based on follow-up physical examination and medical history. Progression-free interval (PFI), median survival time (MST), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Acute and late toxicity were recorded according to Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (VRTOG) criteria. Results: Six patients were included in the study. Tumor origins were mandibular (n = 3), parotid (n = 2), and zygomatic (n = 1) salivary glands. The SBRT prescription was 10 Gy × 3 daily or every other day. All patients (100%) experienced clinical benefit from treatment at a median time of 34 days (range 28-214). No local or regional nodal failure was reported following SBRT. Progressive pulmonary metastatic disease was documented in three dogs (50%). The median PFI was 260 days (range 43-1,014) and the MST was 397 days (range 185-1,014). Median DSS was 636 days (range 185-1,014). Four dogs (66.6%) died of confirmed or suspected metastatic SGC. The reported acute side effects included grade 2 mucositis (n = 1) and vision loss (n = 1). No late side effects were recorded. Conclusion: This study suggests that SBRT may provide durable local control for invasive SGC in dogs. Further investigation in a larger cohort of patients is warranted. The incidence of reported acute and late toxicity was low.

Efficacy of stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or presumed canine glioma.

Intracranial gliomas are the second most common brain tumour in dogs. Radiation therapy provides a minimally invasive treatment option for this tumour type. Earlier publications reporting on the use of non-modulated radiation therapy suggested a poor prognosis for dogs with glioma, with median survival times ranging between 4 and 6 months; more recent literature utilizing stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) demonstrates that the prognosis for canine gliomas may be more promising, with survival times closer to 12 months. A single institution retrospective study was performed between 2010 and 2020 investigating the outcomes of dogs with biopsy-confirmed glioma or a presumptive diagnosis of intra-cranial glioma based on MRI characteristics that were treated with SRT. Twenty-three client-owned dogs were included. Brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented, totalling 13 dogs (57%). SRT protocols included 16 Gy single fraction (n = 1, 4%), 18 Gy single fraction (n = 1, 4%), 24 Gy in 3 daily fractions (n = 20, 91%), or 27 Gy in four daily fractions (n = 1, 4%). Twenty-one dogs (91%) had improvement of their presenting clinical signs following SRT. Median overall survival time (MST) was 349 days (95% CI, 162-584). Median disease specific survival time was 413 days (95% CI, 217-717). When SRT is incorporated into the management plan for dogs with confirmed or presumed intracranial glioma, a median survival time of approximately 12 months may be achievable.

Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or suspected primary pulmonary carcinomas in dogs.

Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery with overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been utilized in human cancer patients for local control of lung tumours as a surgical alternative. Twenty-one PCCs in 19 dogs that received SBRT for local control were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were staged according to the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) system with three as Stage 1, five as Stage 2, three as Stage 3, and eight as Stage 4. Overall MST was 343 days with 38% of patients alive at 1 year. Stage did not significantly impact survival time (p = .72). Five (26%) dogs had lymphadenopathy and MST was not significantly different from dogs without lymphadenopathy (343 vs. 353 days; p = .54). Five out of 18 evaluable dogs (28%) experienced acute lung VRTOG effects and 2 of 12 dogs (17%) experienced late lung VRTOG effects. Median lung dose, V5, V20, and D30 to the lung did not correlate significantly with the development of adverse radiation events. Twelve dogs had follow-up imaging and the best response included a complete response (17%), partial response (42%), and stable disease (42%). Progressive disease was noted in seven dogs a median of 229 days after SBRT. SBRT was documented to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery and may have survival advantages for Stage 3 or 4 dogs according to the CLCSC.

Outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical stabilization and non-stereotactic radiation therapy for axial and appendicular bone tumors.

Background: Information on dogs that undergo radiation therapy (RT) with non-stereotactic protocols in addition to surgical stabilization with implant placement for treatment of bone tumors is limited. Objective: Our primary objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics as well as short- and long-term outcomes, including complications, function, and disease progression, in dogs that underwent both surgical stabilization with implant placement and non-stereotactic RT for local treatment of a bone tumor. Methods: A bi-institutional retrospective case series was performed. Animals: Eight client-owned dogs that underwent both surgical stabilization with implant placement and non-stereotactic RT for local treatment of a bone tumor were included. Results: Tumor types included osteosarcoma or suspected osteosarcoma (5), plasma cell tumor (2), and grade 3 fibrosarcoma (1). Radiation protocols were hypofractionated (palliative intent) in 5 dogs and fractionated (definitive intent) in 3 dogs. Five dogs experienced complications following both RT and surgery, including grade 1 complications in two dogs, a grade 2 complication in one dog, both grade 1 and 2 complications in one dog, and both grade 2 and 3 complications in one dog. Clinical signs subjectively improved in all dogs that had outcomes relative to function documented post-surgery/RT (7). Of these 7 dogs, 4 maintained long-term improvement in function and clinical signs, whereas 3 experienced subsequent recurrence/progression of clinical signs at a median of 133 days (range 91-186) postoperatively in association with biomechanical complications (screw loosening), surgical site infection, and local disease progression in 1 dog each; subsequent treatment resulted in improved clinical signs for each of these 3 dogs, such that overall good long-term functional outcomes were experienced. No dogs required amputation or additional vertebral surgery as salvage for local disease control or palliation. The median progression free interval was 206 days (range 25-1078), and the median survival time was 253 days (range 122-1078) with 1 additional dog lost to follow-up at 575 days. Two dogs experienced local disease progression, and 6 dogs experienced systemic disease progression; both dogs that developed local disease progression received palliative intent RT protocols. Clinical relevance: In this cohort, dogs with primary bone tumors that underwent surgical stabilization with implant placement and hypofractionated or fractionated non-stereotactic RT for local treatment had a low incidence of major complications, good limb function and ambulation post-treatment, and relatively prolonged survival times despite disease progression.

Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Asylum Seekers' Experiences and Worries in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Objectives: The clinical and social burden of the COVID-19 pandemic were high among asylum seekers (ASs). We aimed to understand better ASs' experiences of the pandemic and their sources of worries. Methods: Participants (n = 203) completed a survey about their worries, sleep disorders, and fear of dying. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with ASs living in a community center (n = 15), focusing on how social and living conditions affected their experiences and worries. Results: ASs in community centers experienced more sleep disorders related to the COVID-19 pandemic than those living in private apartments (aOR 2.01, p = 0.045). Similarly, those with lower education had greater fear for their life due to the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR 2.31, p = 0.015). Qualitative findings showed that sharing living spaces was an important source of worries for ASs and that protective measures were perceived to increase social isolation. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for ASs and the importance of tailoring public health measures to their needs and living conditions.

Retrospective Evaluation of Outcome in Dogs With Appendicular Osteosarcoma Following Hypofractionated Palliative Radiation Therapy With or Without Bisphosphonates: 165 Cases (2010-2019).

Objective: To report the survival times in dogs that received a standardized palliative-intent radiation therapy (RT) protocol for the treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA), alone or in combination with bisphosphonates (BPs), and to determine whether the addition of BPs affects survival. A secondary objective was to identify prognostic features that may influence outcome in dogs undergoing treatment. Design: Retrospective case series. Materials and Methods: Dogs with presumed or confirmed OSA of the appendicular limb treated with daily hypofractionated RT (8 Gy x 2) at the Flint Animal Cancer Center between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical records, and adjuvant therapies were noted. Outcome was assessed using medical records and electronic follow up. Results: One hundred and sixty-five dogs were included. Sixty-eight dogs received BPs as a part of their palliative-intent treatment. The median survival time from first RT treatment to death was not significantly different between groups (119 vs. 109 days for BP and non-BP groups, respectively, p = 0.758). Only age (>9 years) was found to be prognostic in this population (p = 0.031). Factors that were not found to be associated with survival time included BP drug type, timing of BP administration, tumor location, weight, breed, sex, time to treatment, concurrent administration of chemotherapy, and salvage amputation. Conclusions: This study suggests no difference in outcome for dogs treated with and without BPs in addition to hypofractionated RT. Prospective studies are needed to determine if the addition of BPs to hypofractionated RT leads to an improved quality of life in dogs undergoing palliative-intent treatment for OSA.