RESUMO
Precise fitting and immobilisation of bone transplants at the recipient site is of utmost importance for the healing process. With the help of the standardised Osseo Transfer System, the recipient site is adjusted to the graft, rather than vice versa as it is typically done. The aim of this study was to analyse donor-site morbidity after harvesting cylindrical bone grafts from the retromolar region using the Osseo Transfer System. The patient satisfaction with the surgical procedures was also evaluated. All patients treated with this standardised reconstruction method between 2006 and 2013 at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, were included in this study. Complications were recorded and evaluated. Bone graft success and patient satisfaction were documented with a questionnaire, and then confirmed by clinical and radiological follow-up examinations. Fifty-four patients were treated and 64 harvested cylindrical autologous bone grafts were transplanted. In all cases, dental implants could be inserted after bone healing. One patient lost an implant, associated with failure of the bone graft. Six patients who were examined continued to show neurological disorders in locally limited areas. No complete or long-term damage of the inferior alveolar nerve occurred. More than 94% (n = 52) of the patients were 'very satisfied' or 'satisfied' with the results and would recommend this surgical treatment to other patients. The standardised Osseo Transfer was an effective treatment option for small and mid-sized alveolar ridge augmentations. A low donor-site morbidity rate and a high transplant success rate were verified. The Osseo Transfer System demonstrated to be a reliable surgical technique without major complications. We highly recommend this surgical augmentation procedure as a surgical treatment for local bone defects.
RESUMO
The approving agencies for plant protection agents request xenobiotic metabolism and residue studies in rats, farm animals and plants (e.g. EU regulation 1107/2009) according to OECD guidelines. The specific intestinal physiology of ruminants might lead to specific residues, which should be investigated very carefully. Specific aspects of xenobiotic metabolism in ruminants may arise, which are investigated by performing additional in vivo studies. The aim of the present work is to asses a modified rumen simulation system (RUSITEC) for such studies in vitro. Rumen constituents from sheep were incubated over 8 days. Physiological parameters followed by monitoring the pH (6.70 ± 0.07), the redox potential (301 mV ± 30 mV), the microbial composition and determination of ß-glucosidase activity. After anequilibration period of three to four days the fermenters were probed with 14C-labelled triazolederivatives, i.e.common metabolites of azole fungicides. Only triazole-alanine was cleaved to 1,2,4-triazole, while triazole-acetic acid and triazole-lactic acid remained stable up to 96 h. Moreover, glycosides are often determined as the main residues in the plants. This analysis showed, that the two glucosides octyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside and polydatin were both rapidly cleaved in this rumen in vitro system. These data showed that the modified RUSITEC system is stable, viable and maintained metabolic capacity over a longer period (at least 8 days). This makes many animal experiments obsolete and lead to a significant contribution of the 3R (refine, reduce, replace). The modification of the RUSITEC system enables safe routine use for unlabeled but also for radioactive labelled compounds.