Does abusive supervision lead nurses to suffer from workplace violence? A cross-sectional study.

AIM: This study aimed to (1) assess the current status of Chinese nurses' exposure to workplace violence; (2) identify the cluster of interrelationships between abusive supervision, anxiety and depression symptoms, work ability, and workplace violence in nursing settings; and (3) clarify the functional mechanism among these variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from September to October 2020 in China. A total of 1,221 valid questionnaires were collected across 100 cities in 31 provinces. RESULTS: Approximately 67.57% of participants experienced workplace violence in the past one year, in the types of verbal violence (59.71%), made difficulties (43.16%), mobbing behaviour (26.70%), smear reputation (22.52%), physical violence (11.30%), intimidating behaviour (10.16%) and sexual harassment (4.10%), respectively. Moreover, nurses' exposure to workplace violence was significantly and positively influenced by the perceptions of abusive supervision (ß = 0.209, p < .01) and the symptoms of anxiety and depression (ß = 0.328, p < .01). Anxious and depressive symptoms partly mediated the association between abusive supervision and workplace violence, which were significantly moderated by work ability (ß = -0.021, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study assesses the prevalence of the seven types of workplace violence against Chinese nurses. Majority of nurses have experienced different types of workplace violence. Nurses who are abused by their supervisor are more likely to develop poor psychological health than those who are not. Moreover, nurses' positive association of abusive supervision with workplace violence is more notable among nurses with lower work ability. IMPLICATIONS OF NURSING MANAGEMENT: 'No abusive supervision, no workplace violence'. A harmonious nursing environment needs to be provided to minimize exposure to workplace violence and mental health threats towards nursing staff, which is a key point for hospital administrators and health policymakers. Essential work ability should be developed to reduce the damage of the abusive supervision and workplace violence against nurses.

Effect of nano yam polysaccharide on the blood glucose and blood lipid in rats.

Chinese yam is the dry rhizome of dioscoreaceae plant. Polysaccharide in yam is one of significant functional components, its pharmacological effects include glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and enhancing the immune. The effects of nano yam polysaccharide on the metabolism of blood glucose and blood lipid in model rats were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that the diabetic rat model can been successfully induced by the peritoneal injection of 200mg/kg alloxan. The rats were fed with the high-fat diet for 30d, which could induce a model of hyperlipidemia rat successfully. After the model rats were fed with nano yam polysaccharide of 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml per day for 12d and 30d, respectively. For each nano yam polysaccharide group, the blood glucose level was significantly reduced, the glucose tolerance, glycogen and the content of C-peptide were improved in alloxan rats. Moreover, the symptom of one little and three more in diabetic rats was ameliorated and the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in the serum for the high fat rats were significantly decreased.

General stationary solutions of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation and their relevance to the PT-symmetric system.

With the stationary solution assumption, we establish the connection between the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation and an elliptic equation. Then, we obtain the general stationary solutions and discuss the relevance of their smoothness and boundedness to some integral constants. Those solutions, which cover the known results in the literature, include the unbounded Jacobi elliptic-function and hyperbolic-function solutions, the bounded sn-, cn-, and dn-function solutions, as well as the hyperbolic soliton solutions. By the imaginary translation transformation of the NNLS equation, we also derive the complex-amplitude stationary solutions, in which all the bounded cases obey either the PT- or anti-PT-symmetric relation. In particular, the complex tanh-function solution can exhibit no spatial localization in addition to the dark- and antidark-soliton profiles, which is in sharp contrast with the common dark soliton. Considering the physical relevance to the PT-symmetric system, we show that the complex-amplitude stationary solutions can yield a wide class of complex and time-independent PT-symmetric potentials, and the symmetry breaking does not occur in the PT-symmetric linear system with the associated potentials.

[Effect of pyruvate on polyol pathway and lens epithelium apoptosis in diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of polyol pathway on the lens epithelium apoptosis and caspase-3 activity and its reversal by pyruvate in diabetic rats. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (60 rats), experiment group (80 rats) and treatment group (80 rats). After streptozotocin (STZ) induced cataract, the treatment group received 2% pyruvate in the diet and drinking. Lens opacification was detected by microscope every 2 weeks. Amounts of glucose and sorbitol in the lens were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the treatment. The percentage of lens epithelium undergoing apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-PI staining. The activity of caspase-3 was analyzed by Western-blot. RESULTS: Present study showed that there was significant increase of glucose and sorbitol in the lens in the experiment group, the apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity of lens epithelium were also gradually increased. Pyruvate treatment decreased the levels of sorbitol, glucose, lens epithelium apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. The progress of cataract was also significantly delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of polyol pathway, possibly through regulation of the activity of caspase-3, can induce apoptosis of the lens epithelium. Pyruvate ingested orally can effectively inhibit diabetic cataractogenesis in rats through inhibit polyol pathway.