[Approaches to the correction of auditory tube dysfunction in children with allergic rhinitis]. / Podkhody k korrektsii disfunktsii slukhovoi truby u detei s allergicheskim rinitom.

Allergic diseases are a global public health problem. One of the most common among them is allergic rhinitis (AR), which affects up to 40% of adults and 2-25% of children. OBJECTIVE: To assess the state of ventilation of the middle ear in various forms of AR in children and the effectiveness of drug correction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive examination of 100 children with various forms of AR. The examination complex included the analysis of anamnestic data, the clinical picture of the disease, subjective otological symptoms, data from otoscopy, acoustic impedansometry and tonal threshold audiometry.There are 3 groups of children.Group 1 - 40 children suffering from intermittent allergic rhinitis with pollen sensitization.Group 2 - 20 children with persistent allergic rhinitis with household sensitization.Group 3 - 40 children suffering from persistent allergic rhinitis in combination with an allergic form of bronchial asthma. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Regardless of the form of AR, every third patient has auditory tube dysfunction, which develops mainly on both sides, is asymptomatic and is not accompanied by otoscopic changes.2. As a result of combination therapy, including irrigation agents, montelukast and cetirizine, an improvement in the ventilation of the tympanic cavity was noted with a decrease in the number of recording tympanograms of type «B¼ and «C¼ from 30.5 to 22.0%.

[Features of impedance audiometry in children of the first months of life after acute otitis media]. / Osobennosti akusticheskoi impedansometrii u detei pervykh mesyatsev zhizni posle perenesennogo ostrogo srednego otita.

The features of impedance audiometry with a 226 Hz probe frequency in newborns and children in the first months of life after acute otitis media were analyzed. The age dynamics of tympanograms in children in the first year of life is determined.

[The expertise of health status dynamics in the members of locomotive crews presenting with occupational sensorineural impairment of hearing].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic value of the characteristics of somatic pathology included in the algorithm for early diagnostics of occupational sensorineural impairment of hearing (OSNIH). The relationship between the development of the main nosological forms of somatic pathology as possible markers of internal ear diseases and professional sensorineural impairment of hearing was elucidated among the members of locomotive crews (n=224). The parameters of interest were evaluated 4 years before, within 1 year, and 4 years after the establishment of diagnosis of OSNIH. It was shown that the members of locomotive crews most frequently suffer atherosclerosis (20.0%), gastrointestinal disorders (34.8%), arterial hypertension (25.0%), osteochondrosis (largely vertebrogenic lumbodynia (21.3%)), and microcirculatory disturbances in the form of vascular spasm in the fundus of the eye (32.9%). 97.6% of the subjects above 35 years of age presented with hypercholesterolemia. Comparative analysis of the occurrence of these nosological forms among the members of locomotive crews with hearing problems on the one hand and the normally functioning organ of hearing on the other hand has demonstrated that none of these pathologies can be regarded as a marker for early diagnosis of OSNIH. At the same time, overweight even in the subjects under 35 years of age should be taken into account when planning and implementing preventive measures.

[Methods for the investigations into the functional state of the organ of hearing and equilibration in locomotive drivers for the early diagnostics of occupational sensorinerual deafness].

AIM OF THE STUDY: to estimate the diagnostic value of various tests for the expert assessment of the functional state of the organ of hearing and equilibration in locomotive drivers employed by the Minsk branch of the Belorussian railway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 224 members of the locomotive teams were examined. Healthy men (n=56) served as controls. Tonal threshold audimetry (TTA), molecular-genetic study. The study has demonstrated the advantages of performing wide-range TTA in conjunction with dynamic stabilometry. The molecular-genetic studies for the detection of potential 35delG mutations proved to be of little diagnostic value.

[The role of paracentesis in treating acute otitis media in young children]. / Rol' paratsenteza v lechenii ostrogo srednego otita u detei rannego vozrasta.

The study was made of paracentesis efficacy in functional recovery of the acoustic tubes and tympanic membrane in infants with catarrhal and purulent otitis media acuta. Although the procedure had an insignificant effect on the rate of the tubal functional recovery, formation of big scars on the tympanic membrane was registered at dynamic otoscopy and impedancemetry in one case only. Paracentesis is recommended in diagnosis of perforation-free inflammations of the middle ear in infants.

[Phasic audiometry in differential diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss of different etiology]. / Fazovaia audiometriia v differentsial'noi diagnostike sensonevral'noi tugoukhosti razlichnoi étiologii.

An original method of differential diagnosis of neurosensory hypoacusis of different etiology is proposed. It is based on registration of the threshold of hearing a short signal moving from 0 degree to 360 degrees against the fluctuation phase of the masking low-frequency tone. In hydrops of the labyrinth phasic audiogram presents as a straight line and demonstrates the lack of auditory thresholds modulation.

[Status of humoral defense mechanisms of the middle ear in young children with acute suppurative otitis media]. / Sostoianie gumoral'nykh zashchitnykh mekhanizmov srednego ukha pri ostrom gnoinom srednem otite u detei rannego vozrasta.

The concentration of lysozyme and immunoglobulins was measured in serum and middle ear secretion of young children suffering from acute suppurative otitis. It was found that the local synthesis of lysozyme increased. The high concentration of lysozyme and low concentration of immunoglobulins of all classes in the middle ear secretion of children aged up to three years can be associated with an immature local humoral immune response.