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1.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 57(6): 2834-7, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23507275

RESUMO

Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has bactericidal activity against the H37Rv laboratory strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a MIC of 16 µg/ml. However, its efficacy against clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis has not been determined. We found that NTZ's MIC against 50 clinical isolates ranged from 12 to 28 µg/ml with a median of 16 µg/ml and was unaffected by resistance to first- or second-line antituberculosis drugs or a diversity of spoligotypes.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normas , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Nitrocompostos , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia
2.
J Clin Microbiol ; 51(7): 2232-7, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23658258

RESUMO

Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains became indispensable for understanding tuberculosis transmission dynamics and designing measures to combat the disease. Unfortunately, typing involves sophisticated laboratory analysis, is expensive, and requires a high level of technical expertise, which limited its use in the resource-poor countries where the majority of tuberculosis cases occur. Spoligotyping is a PCR-based M. tuberculosis complex genotyping method with advantages of technical simplicity, numerical output, and high reproducibility. It is based on the presence or absence of 43 distinct "spacers" separating insertion elements in the direct repeat region of the M. tuberculosis genome. The spoligotyping assay involves reverse hybridization of PCR products to the capture spacers attached to nitrocellulose membranes or to microspheres. Here we report modification of the classic 43-spacer method using the new generation of Luminex multiplexing technology with magnetic microspheres. The method was successfully established and validated on strains with known spoligotypes in our laboratory in Haiti. The distribution of spoligotypes determined in a collection of 758 recent M. tuberculosis isolates was in accordance with previous data for Haitian isolates in the SITWITWEB international database, which were obtained with the traditional membrane-based method. In the present form, spoligotyping may be suitable as a high-throughput, first-line tool for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries with limited resources.


Assuntos
Magnetismo , Microesferas , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Genótipo , Haiti , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
3.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist ; 25: 60-65, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33662645

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of opportunistic infections worldwide, particularly in healthcare settings, and frequently demonstrates resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Carbapenem resistance is prevalent worldwide, however there are currently limited data available from Haiti. The aim of this study was to characterise and document this phenotype in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to further inform the need for appropriate infection control, empirical treatment guidelines and laboratory screening measures, both in Haiti and globally. METHODS: A total of 50 P. aeruginosa isolates were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, of which 8 isolates were also subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify potential genetic correlations of phenotypic resistance. RESULTS: By MLST, 23 sequence types (STs) were identified, including 13 new STs. Nineteen isolates belonged to a single, previously characterised ST (ST654), all of which demonstrated a multidrug-resistant phenotype, including resistance to meropenem, imipenem and ceftazidime; two isolates were also resistant to colistin. WGS revealed the presence of genes encoding several previously characterised resistance determinants in ST654; notably ACC(6')-Ib3-cr and GES-7. Metallo-ß-lactamase genes (blaVIM-5) were also detected in three isolates. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm that drug-resistant clones of P. aeruginosa are present in Haiti, supporting the need for appropriate screening and control measures and confirming that drug-resistant micro-organisms pose a global threat. Further investigations are required to guide appropriate antimicrobial prescribing in this region.


Assuntos
Infecções por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Atenção à Saúde , Haiti , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética
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