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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are predictive biomarkers of favorable clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in several solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the relationship between TLSs and NSCLC prognosis has not been eludicated from the aspects of location, density, and maturity. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TLSs in NSCLC. METHODS: A collection of 151 resected pulmonary nodules in patients with NSCLC was retrospectively analyzed. Two experienced pathologists reviewed hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides and assessed TLS scores at different anatomic subregions. Then, we analyzed their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and CD8 staining intensity and assessed multiple clinicopathological factors affecting patient prognosis. RESULTS: CD8 expression was correlated with total (TLS-CT) (P = 0.000), aggregates (Agg) (TLS-CT) (P = 0.001), follicles (FOL)-I (TLS-CT) (P = 0.025), and TLS(overall) (P = 0.013). TLS scores in the central tumor (CT) and invasion margin (IM) areas were negatively correlated with distant metastasis and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage in NSCLC patients, while TLS score in the CT area was positively correlated with CD8 expression. TLS (overall), Agg (TLS-CT), and FOL-I (TLS-CT) were positively correlated with distant metastasis, UICC stage, and CD8 expression in NSCLC patients. Agg (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with distant metastasis and UICC stage. FOL-I (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with UICC stage. FOL-II (TLS-IM) was positively correlated with distant metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that unfavorable independent prognostic factors were associated with metastasis status and UICC stage. Independent prognostic factors with protective effects included Agg (TLS-CT), FOL-I (TLS-CT), total (TLS-CT), and overall TLS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Histological score assessment of H&E sections of Agg (TLS-CT), FOL-I (TLS-CT), total (TLS-CT), and overall TLS levels in NSCLC has prognostic value.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estruturas Linfoides Terciárias , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estruturas Linfoides Terciárias/patologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
In practical measurement, we often need to measure the shape of objects with patterns or letters. As far as we know, no paper has ever reported the shape measurement for objects with patterns or letters by Fourier fringe projection profilometry (FPP). In this paper, we propose a method based on the variational decomposition TV-Hilbert-L2 model and multi-scale Retinex (MSR) to measure the shape of objects with patterns and letters by Fourier FPP. In this method, we first use the TV-Hilbert-L2 model to obtain the fringe part, then perform MSR enhancement on the fringe part, and finally decompose the enhanced fringe part with TV-Hilbert-L2 again. We evaluate the performance of this method via application to one computer-simulated noisy fringe projection pattern and two experimental fringe projection patterns with different types of patterns or letters, and comparison with the Fourier transform method, the variational image decomposition TV-Hilbert-L2 model. Furthermore, we apply the proposed method to the dynamic three-dimensional shape measurement of hand posture with pattern. The experimental results show that our method can effectively measure the dynamic shape of objects with patterns or letters from a single-frame fringe projection pattern.
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Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a common pathological injury in association with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the current study, the relationship between Ras-association domain family 1 (RASSF1) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was investigated. RASSF1 was significantly over expressed in infarcted myocardial tissues as well as in cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. Inhibition of RASSF1 expression alleviated cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by hypoxia in vitro and reduced cardiomyocytes apoptosis after AMI in vivo. RASSF1 expression was directly modulated by miR-125b, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The current study verified that the miR-125b/RASSF1 axis was involved in cardiomyocytes apoptosis. To sum up, these results suggest that RASSF1 downregulation alleviated infarction-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis and was regulated by miR-125b.
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Apoptose , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/genética , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effect of sustained lung inflation (SLI) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, and Weipu Database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of SLI versus noninvasive positive pressure ventilation alone in preterm infants. Revman 5.3 was used to perform a Meta analysis for the RCTs which met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 9 RCTs were included, with 1â432 preterm infants in total (with a gestational age of 23-33.7 weeks). The Meta analysis showed that compared with the control group, the SLI group had a significantly lower proportion of the infants who needed mechanical ventilation within 72 hours (51.9% vs 56.9%, RR=0.91, P=0.04, 95%CI: 0.83-0.99). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mortality rate, rate of use of pulmonary surfactant, and incidence rates of related complications (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax, and grade III-IV intracranial hemorrhage) (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SLI can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks and does not increase the risk of other complications.
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Recém-Nascido Prematuro , China , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Surfactantes Pulmonares , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-NascidoRESUMO
MOTIVATION: Experimental techniques for measuring chromatin accessibility are expensive and time consuming, appealing for the development of computational approaches to predict open chromatin regions from DNA sequences. Along this direction, existing methods fall into two classes: one based on handcrafted k -mer features and the other based on convolutional neural networks. Although both categories have shown good performance in specific applications thus far, there still lacks a comprehensive framework to integrate useful k -mer co-occurrence information with recent advances in deep learning. RESULTS: We fill this gap by addressing the problem of chromatin accessibility prediction with a convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with k -mer embedding. We first split DNA sequences into k -mers and pre-train k -mer embedding vectors based on the co-occurrence matrix of k -mers by using an unsupervised representation learning approach. We then construct a supervised deep learning architecture comprised of an embedding layer, three convolutional layers and a Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) layer for feature learning and classification. We demonstrate that our method gains high-quality fixed-length features from variable-length sequences and consistently outperforms baseline methods. We show that k -mer embedding can effectively enhance model performance by exploring different embedding strategies. We also prove the efficacy of both the convolution and the BLSTM layers by comparing two variations of the network architecture. We confirm the robustness of our model to hyper-parameters by performing sensitivity analysis. We hope our method can eventually reinforce our understanding of employing deep learning in genomic studies and shed light on research regarding mechanisms of chromatin accessibility. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/minxueric/ismb2017_lstm . CONTACT: tingchen@tsinghua.edu.cn or ruijiang@tsinghua.edu.cn. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Cromatina/metabolismo , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Software , Linhagem Celular , HumanosRESUMO
Proper biogenesis and maintenance of photosynthetic thylakoid membrane complexes are essential for the photosynthetic light reactions. A thylakoid lumenal protein, Psb27, plays a vital role in assembly or/and maintenance of photosystem II (PSII). In cyanobacteria, it is a small lipoprotein docked to the lumenal side of PSII, and functions in the assembly of the Mn4Ca cluster and in the PSII repair cycle. However, Psb27 from Arabidopsis thaliana is not a lipoprotein, and it is involved in PSII repair and acclimation to fluctuating light stress, suggesting a functional divergence between Arabidopsis Psb27 and cyanobacterial Psb27s. To gain a better understanding of Psb27 from higher plants, we determined the crystal structure of Arabidopsis Psb27 by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.85 Å. The structure of Arabidopsis Psb27 is a four-helix bundle, similar to its orthologues from cyanobacteria. However, there are several structural differences between Arabidopsis Psb27 and cyanobacterial Psb27s concerning the overall molecular shape, the N- and C-terminal structures, and the surface charge. These differences suggest that Psb27 from higher plants and cyanobacteria may function differently.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/química , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cianobactérias/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/genética , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Conformação Proteica , Dobramento de Proteína , Eletricidade Estática , Homologia Estrutural de ProteínaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of deep sequencing techniques in the recent years, enhancers have been systematically identified in such projects as FANTOM and ENCODE, forming genome-wide landscapes in a series of human cell lines. Nevertheless, experimental approaches are still costly and time consuming for large scale identification of enhancers across a variety of tissues under different disease status, making computational identification of enhancers indispensable. RESULTS: To facilitate the identification of enhancers, we propose a computational framework, named DeepEnhancer, to distinguish enhancers from background genomic sequences. Our method purely relies on DNA sequences to predict enhancers in an end-to-end manner by using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We train our deep learning model on permissive enhancers and then adopt a transfer learning strategy to fine-tune the model on enhancers specific to a cell line. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method in the classification of enhancers against random sequences, exhibiting advantages of deep learning over traditional sequence-based classifiers. We then construct a variety of neural networks with different architectures and show the usefulness of such techniques as max-pooling and batch normalization in our method. To gain the interpretability of our approach, we further visualize convolutional kernels as sequence logos and successfully identify similar motifs in the JASPAR database. CONCLUSIONS: DeepEnhancer enables the identification of novel enhancers using only DNA sequences via a highly accurate deep learning model. The proposed computational framework can also be applied to similar problems, thereby prompting the use of machine learning methods in life sciences.
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Algoritmos , DNA/química , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Modelos Genéticos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Biologia Computacional , DNA/genética , Bases de Dados Factuais , Genoma Humano , Genômica , Humanos , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND Mediastinal diseases are difficult to diagnose due to diverse origins and complex anatomical structure of the mediastinal tissues. The prospective study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for mediastinal lesions without pulmonary abnormalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS We divided 100 mediastinal lymphadenectasis patients without pulmonary abnormalities into a VAM group and an EBUS group. The pathological results of each group were regarded as the endpoints. SPSS19.0 statistical software was used. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of VAM were 96%, 97.4%, and 100%, respectively; those of EBUS-TBNA diagnosis were 62%, 87.1%, and 100%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the diagnostic sensitivity of benign mediastinal lesions between the 2 groups (P<0.01). Compared with the EBUS group (62%), the accuracy in the VAM group was significantly higher (96%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found that the diagnostic accuracy of VAM for mediastinal lymphadenectasis without pulmonary abnormalities is superior to that of EBUS. Therefore, for patients with mediastinal lymphadenectasis or mediastinal mass and without pulmonary abnormalities, mediastinoscopy is recommended as the first choice.
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Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Pulmão/anormalidades , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Mediastinoscopia , Mediastino/patologia , Ultrassonografia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The application of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in treating patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains uncertain. This update meta-analysis was performed to re-evaluate the therapeutic potential of MMF in IgAN. METHODS: Articles were obtained by searching the electronic databases without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials studying the role of MMF in treating IgAN were collected. The quality of included studies was critically evaluated. Data analyses were performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 297 articles were screened and eight articles were finally included. Among the eight randomized controlled trials, five and three were high quality and low quality, respectively. Both fixed-effect and random-effect model were used. Pooled results by combining all the eight studies suggested that IgAN patients in MMF group had a higher remission rate than that in control group. Compared to placebo or corticosteroid monotherapy, MMF monotherapy exerted a higher remission rate and side effect rate in both main analysis and subgroup analysis by human race. Compared to corticosteroid plus other immunosuppressive agent therapy, corticosteroid plus MMF therapy had a higher remission rate, lower serum creatinine doubling rate, progression to end-stage renal disease rate and side effects rate. Subgroup analysis by therapeutic regimen further confirmed these results between corticosteroid plus MMF therapy and corticosteroid plus cyclophosphamide therapy. Funnel-plot displayed a symmetrical figure, indicating no publication bias existed. CONCLUSIONS: MMF has the potential in treatment of IgAN, especially for Asians. The evidence currently available shows that MMF monotherapy has a more efficacy but higher side effects when compared to placebo or corticosteroid monotherapy in treatment of Asians with IgAN. While MMF combined with corticosteroid regimen has a more efficacy and lower side effects when compared with corticosteroid plus cyclophosphamide regimen.
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Glomerulonefrite por IGA/tratamento farmacológico , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/etnologia , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Antibióticos Antituberculose/efeitos adversos , Antibióticos Antituberculose/uso terapêutico , Povo Asiático/etnologia , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/etnologia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/diagnóstico , Humanos , Ácido Micofenólico/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To develop and internally validate a prediction model for identifying patients with hematologic diseases of fall risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study from a prospective collection of data for 6 months. We recruited 412 patients with hematologic diseases in medical institutions and home environment of China. The outcome of the prediction model was fall or not. These variables were filtered via univariable logistic analysis, LASSO, and multivariable logistic analysis. We adopt an internal validation method of K-fold cross validation. The area under the ROC curve and the H-L test were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model. RESULTS: Five influencing factors were identified multivariable logistic regression analysis. The established model equation is as follows: the H-L goodness-of-fit test of the model p > 0.05. The area under the ROC curve of train is 0.957 (95% CI: 0.936 ~ 0.978), and the area under the ROC curve of test is 0.962 (95% CI: 0.884 ~ 1), so the model calibration and discriminant validity are good. CONCLUSION: Our equation has good sensitivity and specificity in predicting the fall risk of patients with hematologic diseases, and has certain positive significance for clinical assessment of their fall risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200063940.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Doenças Hematológicas , Humanos , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Hematológicas/complicações , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Estudos de Coortes , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , China/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a common issue and with the increasing incidence of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which are more sensitive to IRI, it is crucial to explore the possible strategy to alleviate the steatotic liver IRI. Several modes of cell death are involved in hepatocytes and immune cells during hepatic IRI, and the effects of different cell death inhibitors including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in steatotic liver IRI have not been investigated. We established 70% IRI model on steatotic liver in mice. Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis inhibitors were used to evaluate their effects on liver injury, inflammatory response, and immune cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical results demonstrated that there were apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in the progression of IRI in steatotic liver. All four types of cell death inhibitors showed protective effects, but ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 and pyroptosis inhibitor VX765 exerted better protective effects compared the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD and necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1. Further, we found that pyroptosis occurred mainly in macrophages and ferroptosis occured primarily in hepatocytes during steatotic liver IRI. Ferroptosis in heaptocytes and pyroptosis in macrophages are two major cell death types involved in steatotic liver IRI and inhibiting these cell death exerted good protective effects.
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Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Animais , Camundongos , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Apoptose , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismoRESUMO
The effect of calcium-based addition on the brominate flux during printed circuit board (PCB) pyrolysis was investigated. It was found that bromine (Br) can be effectively fixed in solid phase during PCB pyrolysis by adding calcium-based waste materials. Phenol and 4-ethylphenol are the major products of pyrolysis. When the two kinds of red mud were used as additive, their content was 85.25 and 84.81%, respectively, which was higher than others. The 2-bromophenol and 2-bromo-4-methyl-benzene are the main Br-containing pyrolysis volatiles. After adding calcium-based additive, these two volatiles were apparently reduced and only small amounts of 2-bromo-4-methyl-benzene were detected in the products, namely 0.71 and 0.86%, respectively for the two kinds of red mud. Hence, no matter from the perspective of product use or simple Br-fixing, the bromine in the three-phase products can be effectively regulated and controlled by adding calcium-based waste residue during PCB pyrolysis. Finally, the Br-fixing mechanism was analysed. As a result, when calcium-based waste materials were added to the PCB pyrolysis it made bromine fix easily in the resident yielding a byproduct that can be further used.
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Bromo/química , Cálcio/química , Resíduo Eletrônico/análise , Incineração , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Espectrometria por Raios X , Termogravimetria , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIM: To study the relationship between temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy-resistant cells and stem cells in gliomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The U251 glioma cell line was exposed to TMZ to generate TMZ-resistant colonies (U251/TMZ cell line) using the pulse drug method. The TMZ sensitivity of U251/TMZ and parental cells was examined using an MTT assay. The cell growth curve was drawn to show the growth of the two kinds of cells. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) were cultured and differentiated in vitro. Immunofluorescence assays were used to identify the expression of CD133, Nestin, and ABCG2 in U251/TM and U251 cells. Western blot analysis was used to analyse protein expression levels. RESULTS: The U251/TMZ cell line was successfully cultured in vitro. The IC50 value of the U251/TMZ cell line is 8.1 times that of the parental U251 cell line (t=-63.28, p=0.00). The doubling time of U251/TMZ cells was long compared with the parental cells. GSC tumour spheres were successfully cultured in vitro, and they differentiated in medium containing serum. The expression of CD133, Nestin, and ABCG2 in U251/TMZ cells was significantly higher than that in the parental U251 cells (t=43.35, p=0.00; t=12.31, p=0.00; t=11.49, p=0.00). Immunofluorescence staining of CD133, Nestin, and ABCG2 was significantly higher in U251/TMZ than in the parental U251 cells (t=43.35, p=0.00; t=12.31, p=0.00; t=11.49, p=0.00). Moreover, Western blot results showed that CD133, Nestin, and ABCG2 expression was significantly higher in U251/TMZ cells than that in the parental U251 cells (t=17.76, p=0.00; t=18.78, p=0.00; t=6.19, p=0.00). CONCLUSION: The U251/TMZ cell line has the biological characteristics of GSCs. The relationship between GSCs and chemotherapy-resistant cells has been preliminary proven to be partially overlapping, which can provide a new perspective when using appropriate cell subpopulations as targets for glioma.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Glioma , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas , Temozolomida , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nestina , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/patologia , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Temozolomida/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Glochidion ellipticum Wight is a medicinal plant, rich in polyphenols, frequently used by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh and possess with multiple health benefits. It exerts anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties, but the detailed chemical constituents are yet to be elucidated. METHODS: Glochidion ellipticum extracts were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and then tested by both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation of Raw 264.7 macrophage cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis model. Blood serum was taken for fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) measurement and tissue samples were used to perform histology, RT-PCR and Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS: The extracts could lower the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly in LPS induced macrophage cells. The extracts could also reduce disease activity index (DAI) score, restore antioxidants and pro-oxidants and improve macroscopic and microscopic features of colonic tissues in DSS induced mice. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in protein level was markedly diminished (up to 51.21% and 71.11%, respectively) in the treatment groups compared to the model group of colitic mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that G. ellipticum extracts ameliorate DSS colitis via blocking nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which make them to be potential candidates for further research against inflammation and colitis.
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Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Euphorbiaceae/química , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Colite/patologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Deep learning architectures have an extremely high-capacity for modeling complex data in a wide variety of domains. However, these architectures have been limited in their ability to support complex prediction problems using insurance claims data, such as readmission at 30 days, mainly due to data sparsity issue. Consequently, classical machine learning methods, especially those that embed domain knowledge in handcrafted features, are often on par with, and sometimes outperform, deep learning approaches. In this paper, we illustrate how the potential of deep learning can be achieved by blending domain knowledge within deep learning architectures to predict adverse events at hospital discharge, including readmissions. More specifically, we introduce a learning architecture that fuses a representation of patient data computed by a self-attention based recurrent neural network, with clinically relevant features. We conduct extensive experiments on a large claims dataset and show that the blended method outperforms the standard machine learning approaches.
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Aprendizado de Máquina , Alta do Paciente , Hospitais , Humanos , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
Papillary renal cell carcinoma in the horseshoe kidney is uncommon. We report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma in the horseshoe kidney and discuss its incidence, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Rim/anormalidades , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/patologia , Rim/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A novel water-soluble macromolecule heavy metal flocculant mercaptoacetyl polyethyleneimine (MAPEI) was synthesized by reacting polyethyleneimine (PEI) with thioglycolic acid (TGA). The removal of mercury ions (Hg2+) and turbidity from aqueous solutions by MAPEI was investigated. The MAPEI is efficient for the simultaneous removal of Hg2+ and turbidity. The highest removal ratio of mercury ions was above 95%. Factors were studied that could affect the process, such as pH, molecular weight of PEI, co-existing ions, and so on, and the results show that, with the increase in pH or molecular weight of PEI, the removal rate increases; alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal ions and chloride ions (Cl-) and nitrate (NO3-) ions can promote the removal of Hg2+, while sulfate (SO4(2-)) suppresses the process. In the process of treating wastewater containing both turbidity and mercury ions, both have a synergic removal effect with each other. Compared with TGA, MAPEI shows obvious advantages, including higher removal efficiency, larger flocs, and higher floc sedimentation velocity. In addition, compared with PEI, both PEI and MAPEI are almost equally not efficient for turbidity removal, but the presence of mercury ions can improve greatly the efficiency of MAPEI in the removal of turbidity.
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Quelantes/química , Mercúrio/química , Metais Pesados/química , Polietilenoimina/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estrutura Molecular , Polietilenoimina/química , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The clinical epidemiology of organ outcomes in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been examined. We describe associated markers of cerebral, cardiac and renal injury after pediatric TBI. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PATIENTS: Children 0-18 years who were hospitalized with TBI. MEASUREMENTS: Measures of myocardial (at least one elevated plasma troponin [cTnI] ≥ 0.4 ng/ml) and multiorgan (hemodynamic variables, cerebral perfusion, and renal) function were examined within the first ten days of hospital admission and within 24 h of each other. MAIN RESULTS: Data from 28 children who were 11[IQR 10.3] years, male (64.3%), with isolated TBI (67.9%), injury severity score (ISS) 25[10], and admission Glasgow coma score (GCS) 11[9] were examined. Overall, 50% (14 children) had elevated cTnI, including those with isolated TBI (57.9%; 11/19), polytrauma (33.3%; 3/9), mild TBI (57.1% 8/14), and severe TBI (42.9%; 6/11). Elevated cTnI occurred within the first six days of admission and across all age groups, in both sexes, and regardless of TBI lesion type, GCS, and ISS. Age-adjusted admission tachycardia was associated with cTnI elevation (AUC 0.82; p < 0.001). Reduced urine output occurred more commonly in patients with isolated TBI (27.3% elevated cTnI vs. 0% normal cTnI). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial injury commonly occurs during the first six days after pediatric TBI irrespective of injury severity, age, sex, TBI lesion type, or polytrauma. Age-adjusted tachycardia may be a clinical indicator of myocardial injury, and elevated troponin may be associated with cardio-cerebro-renal dysfunction.
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Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Taquicardia/complicações , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Concussão Encefálica/sangue , Concussão Encefálica/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/sangue , Síndrome Cardiorrenal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Rim/lesões , Masculino , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Estudos Prospectivos , Taquicardia/etiologia , Troponina I/sangueRESUMO
Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified thousands of genomic loci potentially associated with hundreds of complex traits in the past decade. Nevertheless, the fact that more than 90% of such disease-associated variants lie in non-coding DNA with unknown functional implications has been appealing for advanced analysis of plenty of genetic variants. Toward this goal, recent studies focusing on individual non-coding variants have revealed that complex diseases are often the consequences of erroneous interactions between enhancers and their target genes. However, such enhancer-disease associations are dispersed in a variety of independent studies, and thus far it is still difficult to carry out comprehensive downstream analysis with these experimentally supported enhancer-disease associations. To fill in this gap, we collected experimentally supported associations between complex diseases and enhancers and then developed a manually curated database called EnDisease (http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/endisease/). Concretely, EnDisease documents 535 associations between 133 diseases and 454 enhancers, extracted from 199 articles. Moreover, after annotating these enhancers using 649 human and 115 mouse DNase-seq experiments, we find that cancer-related enhancers tend to be open across a large number of cell types. This database provides a user-friendly interface for browsing and searching, and it also allows users to download data freely. EnDisease has the potential to become a helpful and important resource for researchers who aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of enhancers involved in complex diseases.
Assuntos
Curadoria de Dados , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Doença/genética , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Animais , Cromatina/metabolismo , Humanos , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Interface Usuário-ComputadorRESUMO
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic pulmonary condition that affects hundreds of millions of people all over the world. Many COPD patients got readmitted to hospital within 30 days after discharge due to various reasons. Such readmission can usually be avoided if additional attention is paid to patients with high readmission risk and appropriate actions are taken. This makes early prediction of the hospital readmission risk an important problem. The goal of this paper is to conduct a systematic study on developing different types of machine learning models, including both deep and non-deep ones, for predicting the readmission risk of COPD patients. We evaluate those different approaches on a real world database containing the medical claims of 111,992 patients from the Geisinger Health System from January 2004 to September 2015. The patient features we build the machine learning models upon include both knowledge-driven ones, which are the features extracted according to clinical knowledge potentially related to COPD readmission, and data-driven features, which are extracted from the patient data themselves. Our analysis showed that the prediction performance in terms of Area Under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) can be improved from around 0.60 using knowledge-driven features, to 0.653 by combining both knowledge-driven and data-driven features, based on the one-year claims history before discharge. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the complex deep learning models in this case cannot really improve the prediction performance, with the best AUC around 0.65.