RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition following chemotherapy-elicited DNA damage overrides cell cycle arrest and induces mitotic catastrophe and cell death. GDC-0575 is a highly-selective oral small-molecule Chk1 inhibitor that results in tumor shrinkage and growth delay in xenograft models. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of GDC-0575 alone and in combination with gemcitabine. Antitumor activity and Chk1 pathway modulation were assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this phase I open-label study, in the dose escalation stage, patients were enrolled in a GDC-0575 monotherapy Arm (1) or GDC-0575 combination with gemcitabine Arm (2) to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Patients in arm 2 received either i.v. gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 (arm 2a) or 500 mg/m2 (arm 2b), followed by GDC-0575 (45 or 80 mg, respectively, as RP2D). Stage II enrolled disease-specific cohorts. RESULTS: Of 102 patients treated, 70% were female, the median age was 59 years (range 27-85), and 47% were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0. The most common tumor type was breast (37%). The most frequent adverse events (all grades) related to GDC-0575 and/or gemcitabine were neutropenia (68%), anemia (48%), nausea (43%), fatigue (42%), and thrombocytopenia (35%). Maximum concentrations of GDC-0575 were achieved within 2 hours of dosing, and half-life was â¼23 hours. No pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was observed between GDC-0575 and gemcitabine. Among patients treated with GDC-0575 and gemcitabine, there were four confirmed partial responses, three occurring in patients with tumors harboring TP53 mutation. Pharmacodynamic data were consistent with GDC-0575 inhibition of gemcitabine-induced expression of pCDK1/2. CONCLUSION: GDC-0575 can be safely administered as a monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine; however, overall tolerability with gemcitabine was modest. Hematological toxicities were frequent but manageable. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed but limited to a small number of patients with a variety of refractory solid tumors treated with GDC-0575 and gemcitabine. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT01564251.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Pirróis/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/efeitos adversos , Desoxicitidina/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Fadiga , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/epidemiologia , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Pirróis/efeitos adversos , Pirróis/farmacocinética , Trombocitopenia , Resultado do Tratamento , GencitabinaRESUMO
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is commonly seen in the field of intestine surgical interventions, shock, trauma, and many other clinical conditions. Simvastatin is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the effect of simvastatin administration in a warm intestinal I/R model on TNF-alpha, antioxidant enzymes and intestinal tissue morphology. Thirty-six male wistar rats underwent laparotomy under general anaesthesia. Simvastatin was administered from four days before ischaemia induction. The rats were divided in to three groups (n = 12): the sham group, the I/R group, and the I/R + simvastatin group. Intestinal ischaemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery ligation with microvascular clamps for 60 minutes, and after ischaemia, blood perfusion was released into the tissue and a reperfusion phase was started, which lasted for 3 hours. After 3 hours, the animals were sacrificed and serum and tissue obtained for biochemical and histological study. In the simvastatin treated group, intestinal tissue injury, TNF-alpha level, and tissue malondealdehyde levels were significantly lower than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Glutathion peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher in the simvastatin treated group than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Simvastatin pretreatment reduced intestinal I/R injury and was associated with down- -regulation of serum TNF-alpha and tissue malondealdehyde level, and simvastatin administration maintained cellular antioxidant enzyme contents compared to the I/R group after 3 hours reperfusion time.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Enteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Enteropatias/metabolismo , Enteropatias/fisiopatologia , Isquemia/metabolismo , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Variations of the vertebrobasilar arterial complex are important with regard to their potential clinical impact. We present an unusual case of the vertebral artery, in which the left vertebral artery in its ascent in the neck through the transverse foramina passed posteriorly between the transverse processes of C3 and C4 and supplied the posterior muscles of the neck without continuing intracranially. Albeit speculatively, we hypothesise that the variation of the vertebral artery reported here was caused by degeneration of the proximal portion of the left postcostal longitudinal anastomosis (i.e. C1 and C2 intersegmental arteries) in the context of a persistent third cervical intersegmental artery. Our case is unique in that the left vertebral artery terminated extracranially. Knowledge of the variations of the vertebrobasilar arterial complex is important for surgeons operating at the skull base, craniocervical junction, and cervical region, and for clinicians interpreting the imaging of this region.
Assuntos
Artéria Vertebral/anormalidades , Vértebras Cervicais/irrigação sanguínea , Variação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Artéria Vertebral/embriologiaRESUMO
New wireless technologies make possible the implementation of high level integration wireless devices which allow the replacement of traditional large wired monitoring devices. It offers new functionalities to physicians and will reduce the costs. Among these functionalities, biomedical signals can be sent to other devices (PDA, PC . . . ) or processing centers, without restricting the patients' mobility. This article discusses the WIH (Ward-In-Hand) structure and the software required for its implementation before an operational example is presented with its results. The aim of this project is the development and implementation of a reduced size electrocardiograph based on IEEE 802.11 with high speed and more accuracy, which allows wireless monitoring of patients, and the insertion of the information into the Wi-Fi hospital networks.