Early Versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Acute cholecystitis (AC) represents a public health problem, increasing hospitalization costs, especially determined by the surgical treatment of these patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the therapeutic gold standard, the timing of the intervention: early (ELC) versus late (DLC), is still debated, impacting the results. The primary objective of the study was to compare postoperative outcomes between ELC and DLC. Secondary objectives assessed surgical outcomes from the pre-pandemic period with those from the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study is presented of 266 patients diagnosed with AC who were admitted to Clinic I of General Surgery, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of T #226;rgu Mure #351;, from 2018 to 2022. They were classified into the ELC group ( 72 hours from the onset of symptoms) and DLC ( 72 hours from symptom onset) and were further stratified into prepandemic and pandemic cohorts. Data on clinical symptoms, paraclinical data, surgical details, and postoperative course were collected and analyzed. Discussion: The results confirm fewer conversions to open surgery and reduced hospitalization in the ELC group. The pandemic did not significantly alter the timing of surgeries or patient demographics. Conclusion: In conclusion, ELC for AC patients offers significant advantages, justifying its preference over DLC Despite the decrease in the incidence of AC hospitalizations during the pandemic, postoperative outcomes are comparable to those in the pre-pandemic period. Future multicenter studies are recommended for a broader analysis of the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in emergency settings.

International standardization and optimization group for intersphincteric resection (ISOG-ISR): modified Delphi consensus on anatomy, definition, indication, surgical technique, specimen description and functional outcome.

AIM: Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is an oncologically complex operation for very low-lying rectal cancers. Yet, definition, anatomical description, operative indications and operative approaches to ISR are not standardized. The aim of this study was to standardize the definition of ISR by reaching international consensus from the experts in the field. This standardization will allow meaningful comparison in the literature in the future. METHOD: A modified Delphi approach with three rounds of questionnaire was adopted. A total of 29 international experts from 11 countries were recruited for this study. Six domains with a total of 37 statements were examined, including anatomical definition; definition of intersphincteric dissection, intersphincteric resection (ISR) and ultra-low anterior resection (uLAR); indication for ISR; surgical technique of ISR; specimen description of ISR; and functional outcome assessment protocol. RESULTS: Three rounds of questionnaire were performed (response rate 100%, 89.6%, 89.6%). Agreement (≥80%) reached standardization on 36 statements. CONCLUSION: This study provides an international expert consensus-based definition and standardization of ISR. This is the first study standardizing terminology and definition of deep pelvis/anal canal anatomy from a surgical point of view. Intersphincteric dissection, ISR and uLAR were specifically defined for precise surgical description. Indication for ISR was determined by the rectal tumour's maximal radial infiltration (T stage) below the levator ani. A new surgical definition of T3isp was reached by consensus to define T3 low rectal tumours infiltrating the intersphincteric plane. A practical flowchart for surgical indication for uLAR/ISR/abdominoperineal resection was developed. A standardized ISR surgical technique and functional outcome assessment protocol was defined.

Incisional Hernias with Loss of Abdominal Domain: A New Look to an Older Issue or the Elephant in the Living Room. Literature Review.

Incisional hernia (IH) is a postoperative defect of the abdominal wall through which the contents of the peritoneal cavity are externalized beneath the skin in a peritoneal sac. IH differs in anatomic complexity, but also in its associated comorbidities and surgical history. As IH enlarges, complications occur and these become part of its natural history. The goal of the study is to review the impact of loss of domain upon abdominal wall before and after abdominal wall reconstruction. The absence of anatomical and functional linea alba leads to a combination of muscular disturbances, chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, and psychosocial issues. The pathophysiological changes are also due to the decrease of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). During repair, the sudden reintroduction of the viscera into an unprepared cavity leads to a sudden increase in cavity volume and an increase in IAP with fatal pathophysiological implications. For an optimal repair, preoperatively, the abdominal wall must be augmented by achieving the following objectives: reducing the volume of the sac contents, optimizing compliance, enlargement of the container. At the same time, for the optimal repair, the following must be taken into account: increased knowledge about this condition to manage systemic and local changes, CT scan evaluation, monitoring IAP, plateau pressure (PP), and Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP). In conclusion, the goals can be achieved by systemic optimization with a multidisciplinary team, using Preoperative Progressive Pneumoperitoneum (PPP) and/or Botox (BTX), and abdominal wall reconstruction through a mesh with augmented component separation technique.

LAR vs VLAR in Low Rectal Cancer - Postoperative Results - A Single-Center Experience.

Background: The management of rectal cancer recognizes surgical resection as the most important step towards a permanent cure. Respecting the oncological principles, functional preservation represents a priority in achieving an acceptable quality of life for the patient. This study aimed to compare the results after low anterior resection (LAR) versus very low anterior resection (VLAR), in terms of postoperative outcome. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study on a group of 147 patients with LAR or VLAR done for low rectal cancer in the 1st Department of General Surgery of the Emergency County Hospital of Targu Mures, between January 2015 and December 2019. We considered as low rectal cancer tumors located between 5-10 cm from the anal verge and very low those situated less than 5 cm from it. Patients were divided in two groups according to the type of operation. The postoperative evolution was followed. Results: The two groups, LAR with 81 and VLAR with 66 cases, had homogenous distribution regarding patients demographic and biological parameters and tumor pathological features. A significantly (p=0.0223) longer surgical intervention time was reported in VLAR than in LAR procedures. We found no statistically significant differences between LAR and VLAR in terms of associated postoperative morbidity or mortality, neither in hospitalization time. Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in terms of early postoperative outcomes among LAR and VLAR. The most important factor in achieving good oncologic and functional results in low rectal cancer is choosing the adequate, tailored to the case surgical management.

Multiple Hepatic Hydatid Cysts - Review of the Literature and Case Report.

Introduction: Hydatid disease is a parasitic disease caused by and is commonly met in clinical practice. The most common location for hydatic cysts is the liver, while the lung is the second organ in terms of localization frequency. Case report: We present the case of a 40-year-old patient with pulmonary hydatid cysts (two hydatid cysts located in the upper and lower pulmonary left lobes), and multiple hepatic hydatid cysts (ten cysts located in both hepatic lobes). Initially, the patient underwent thoracic surgery and was subjected to atypical lung resection of the upper and lower left pulmonary lobes. The patient underwent surgical treatment of the hepatic hydatid cysts 6 months after the thoracic surgery. The patient underwent multiple partial cystectomies, cholecystectomy, Kehr drainage with two hepatic hydatid cysts showing biliary fistulas. The postoperative evolution was favorable with patient discharge 10 days following surgery. Conclusions: Although the hepatic hydatid cyst is a seemingly benign disease, there are complex cases of disseminated echinococcosis in clinical practice that may require complex treatment. Surgical treatment remains the best therapeutic option in these cases. Thus, for these patients, a careful postoperative follow-up is required to detect recurrence of hydatid disease.

Clinical-Pathological Correlations in the Acute Surgical Abdomen in the Pre and Post-Pandemic Period Covid-19.

Background: In the case of patients admitted with acute abdomen at the emergency department, interstitial pulmonary pathology (Covid-19 infections) represents a significant operative risk for the patients. The rate of postoperative complications is high with increased morbidity and mortality, a real challenge for the medical staff and surgical/intensive care unit teams. In emergency settings, patients were examined with targeted clinical and paraclinical parameters that assure a fast diagnosis to optimize a rapid medical and surgical treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparative study that included patients enrolled and diagnosed with an acute surgical abdomen in Surgical Clinic 1 Tg. Mures Emergency County Hospital. Patients were examined and analyzed at the emergency department UPU-SMURD. We included patients admitted over the two years (2019 and 2020) and divided them into two groups. Results: The total number of patients admitted in the UPU-Smurd emergency department Surgical Clinic I over the two years was 1033. There was a significant reduction in total cases diagnosed with the acute surgical abdomen in the pandemic period (p=0.033). The average time from the admission to the surgical procedure was significantly higher in the pandemic period 380Ã+-2 min in comparison with 222+-3 min (p=0.001) and also with an increased average operative time 223+-3 min versus 145+-2 min (p=0.002). Average hospitalization time was higher in the pandemic period 10+-1 (p=0.031) with no significant difference between the groups regarding Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (p=0.122). Overall mortality has more than doubled, with 31 cases (19%) in the pandemic and 28 (9%) in the non-pandemic. (p=0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has played an essential role in treating acute surgical abdomen cases. The high solicitation rate of the emergency department delayed the diagnosis and treatment of severe surgical cases. As the scale of this pandemic is unprecedented, standard protocols with minor changes do not provide adequate results.

Duplication of Inferior Vena Cava, Possible Cause of Internal Hernia? Literature Review and Rare Case Presentation.

Duplication of inferior vena cava (DIVC) is a rare congenital malformation of extreme importance for vascular and urology surgeons, interventional radiologists. Oftentimes it goes unnoticed and is diagnosed incidentally at a routine or emergency CT-scan when complications occur due to associated congenital malformations. We present a case of a 70-year-old male patient who was admitted into the emergency room (ER) accusing abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with an intestinal obstruction due to a left paraduodenal hernia (LPDH), associated with a DIVC. The reviewing the literature led to concluding that DIVC is not the cause of LPDH.

Parietex ProGrip™ Self-Fixating Mesh in Surgical Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Introduction: Advanced pelvic organ prolapse is a public health problem, and its treatment can be difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Aim: The main objective of this article is to describe particular aspects of the use of Parietex ProGrip trade; Self-Fixating Mesh for abdominal sacrocolpopexy or sacrocervicopexy. The secondary objective is to present the initial results of the use of these self-fixating meshes. Results: Ten successive patients with a POP of grade 2 or higher have benefited from this procedure. No complications or recurrences of prolapse were detected at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The mean operative time was 102Â+-25.84 minutes. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.7Â+-0.67 days. Conclusions: The results of this surgical procedure demonstrate that Parietex ProGrip trade; Self- Fixating Mesh can be used without complications and with good postoperative results. The main advantage of using this mesh is that it does not require other fastening means. The lack of rejection reaction or foreign body pathology encourages the implementation of this surgical procedure. Further study is needed to consolidate these results.

Analysis of Clinical-Pathological Data with Impact on Overall Survival in Male Breast Carcinoma: An International Multi-Institutional Study of 217 Cases.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical-pathological parameters with impact on overall survival (OS) in male breast carcinoma (MBC). Methodology: We assessed OS at 5 years and at 10 years respectively, as well as OS according to age, tumor size, microscopic type, histological grade, axillary lymph node status, and molecular profile. Results:Two hundred seventeen cases, with a mean age of 62 (range: 18- 85), right breast involvement (52.53%), invasive carcinoma of no special type (86.63%), G2 histological grade (55.4%), T2 (54.41%), N+ (65.89%) and Luminal A molecular subtype (85.29%) were identified. ER, PR and AR were positive in 89.71%, 83.82% and 93.29% of cases, respectively. HER2 was overexpressed in 8.33% of cases and a high Ki67 proliferation index was present in 75% of cases. The 5-year OS was 67.2%, whereas 10-year OS was 48.5%; OS was 92.7% at 5 years and 73.8% at 10 years in axillary lymph node (LN) negative cases, while OS was 59.7% at 5 years and 41.3% at 10 years in axillary LN positive cases (p=0.003). Conclusions: Age at diagnosis ( 60 years), larger tumor size, presence of LN metastases and absence of oncological treatment are negative factors influencing prognosis, with only axillary LN status (p=0.005) and triple negative molecular profile (p=0.05) being statistically significant unfavorable independent prognostic parameters in a multivariate analysis.

Long Term Results of Modified Intersphincteric Resections for Low Rectal Cancer: A Single Center Experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to evaluate the long-term oncological and functional outcomes following modified intersphincteric resections (ISR) for low rectal cancer. The modified technique consisted of the abandonment of colonic J-pouches, transverse coloplasty, or defunctioning temporary stoma in favor of a direct handsewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients with type II and III (juxta-anal or intra-anal) low rectal tumors underwent modified ISR by the same surgical team and were followed for a period of five years. Functional outcomes using the Wexner Score, postoperative complications, recurrence rates, morbidity, and mortality rates were assessed. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate was 93.3% with a disease-free interval at three years of 98%. Morbidity was 15% (n = 9) consisting of intestinal wall necrosis (n = 6), stenosis (n = 2), and sacral metastasis (n = 1). The Wexner score values were, at 1 year, 8.5 (range, 4-13); at three years 7.2 (range, 2-11); and at 5 years 6.7 (range, 2-12). A second surgery was needed in only one case that showed postoperative transmural necrosis of the colonic wall. CONCLUSIONS: In highly selected patients with type II or III low rectal tumors and proper preoperative imaging staging, ISR might be a viable alternative to other techniques such as abdominoperineal resection and low anterior resection, both from a functional and an oncological perspective.

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Hemorrhage: Unexpected Discovery.

Pica is a serious condition that is characterized by ingesting inedible things which can prove to be fatal (glass, pebbles, etc.) We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who is admitted to the emergency room with the following complaints: upper GI tract bleeding manifested through hematemesis and melena, epigastric pain, lack of bowel movements. A contrast computed tomograohy is performed showing the presence of a hyper-dense stomach content, gastric wall thickening, abdominal fluid but with no signs of intestinal occlusion. A laparotomy is performed and ollowing an anterior gastrotomy a large quantity of pebbles is found along with a hemorrhagic and stenotic tumor of the lesser curvature. Taking into account the intraoperative aspect the decision was made to perform an end-to-side stapled esophago-jejunal anastomosis on an omega loop with a Braun entero-entero anastomosis following total gastric resection and D1 lymphadenectomy. Postoperative course is uneventful. A barium swallow carried out on the 10th day following surgery shows a functional anastomosis without leakage. On day 11, the patient is discharged. Pica is usually discovered by accident, most frequently on the operating table which is why thorough preoperative examination and investigations are required.

Monobloc Total Thyroidectomy Using Sealing Devices: Preliminary Results and Comparative Analysis.

Background: The desire for perfect haemostasis has led the medical equipment industry to produce ideal instruments for safe thyroidectomy. Thus, haemostasis and sealing instruments such as the LigaSureTM Small Jaw, ThunderbeatTM Open Fine Jaw and HarmonicTM Focus have been indicated for thyroid surgery. Aim: The purpose of this study is to present the initial results of using these three surgical instruments for performing monobloc thyroidectomy. Material and Methods: We performed a prospective study between January 2014 and July 2019 in which we included all the patients operated by same surgeon using those 3 sealing devices. Thyroidectomies were performed using LigaSureTM Small Jaw (group 1), the ThunderbeatTM Open Fine Jaw (group 2) and HarmonicTM Focus (group 3). The groups were statistically compared in term of duration of surgery and hospitalisation, early postoperative complications as well as voice alteration or acute respiratory failure. Results: No significant differences were observed among groups in terms of patient demographics, pathological diagnoses, postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and clinical outcomes. Operating time was shorter in group 1. Conclusions: New surgical instruments have beneficial properties, including shortening the operative time, maintaining a clean operating field, and minimising smoke released during the operation.

Mature and Immature Solid Teratomas Involving Uterine Corpus, Cervix, and Ovary.

Extragonadal teratomas are rare, and localization in the endometrium and cervix is exceptional, with fewer than 10 case reports documented so far in the English literature. We report here the case of a 46-year-old patient who presented with simultaneous immature teratoma in the endometrium and mature teratomas in the ovary in association with gliomatosis peritonei but with no evidence of gestational origin; she subsequently developed multiple solid mature teratomas in the cervix and parauterine tissue. No other similar cases have been previously reported to our knowledge. There are many similarities between the patient's pattern of recurrence and "growing teratoma syndrome (GTS)". Although the patient was not treated with chemotherapy after her first presentation and this case does not meet formal criteria for GTS, we believe that the pattern and histology of recurrences in this case represent a variant of GTS. Considering that the initial presentation in this case was endometrial and ovarian makes the occurrence of GTS-like syndrome even more unique.

Multifocal/multicentric breast carcinomas showing intertumoural heterogeneity: a comparison of histological tumour type and Nottingham histological grade of primary tumour and lymph node metastasis.

Our study aimed to compare the histological tumour type and Nottingham histological grade of invasive tumour foci in multifocal/multicentric breast carcinomas with those in corresponding axillary lymph node (LN) metastases. We reassessed slides from consecutive multiple breast carcinomas surgically treated with axillary LN dissection (2007-2012). 155 (19.23%) of 806 cases had multiple breast cancer, of which 115 (74.19%) cases had identical morphology. Of these, 85 (73.91%) cases had axillary LN metastases morphologically identical to the originating breast tumours. 32 of the 40 (80%) cases with different morphology had axillary LN metastases; in most heterogeneous cases with differences in grade (87.5%), the grade of metastases was identical to the grade of the tumour foci with the highest histological grade, and in 33.33% of cases the grade in LN was concordant with the grade of smaller foci. Among the 18 cases heterogeneous in histological type with axillary metastases, 33.33% presented heterogeneous histological types in LN, and 22.22% of them were only concordant with the histological type of the smaller tumour foci. The morphological aspects of axillary LN metastases correspond to the highest histological grade and/or histological tumour type with unfavourable prognosis, which does not necessarily appear in the largest tumour focus.

Early outcomes of open anterior versus posterior components separation with transversus abdominis release for large median incisional hernias: a retrospective stepwise analysis.

BACKGROUND: Complex incisional hernia is still a debatable topic, with increasing incidence and an increased local and systemic postoperative morbidity and mortality. The size of the defect is a risk factor for both difficult closure and 30-day readmission due to complications. The main option for closure such defect is a mesh augmented component separation technique. The goal was to evaluate 30-day wound events and general complications including 90 days mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a retrospective study that includes patients from two different university hospitals who underwent open incisional hernia repair with anterior component or posterior component separation between January 2015 and December 2021. Only non-contaminated adult patients (over 18 years old) with postoperative primary or recurrent median abdominal wall defects larger than 6 cm and with complete fascial closure were included. Demographics (age, gender, Body Mass Index-BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification-ASA score), recurrence rank, and co-morbidities), operative details, patient outcomes complications were collected. A native abdomen/pelvis computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed preoperatively in all patients and the anatomy of the defect and volumetry (abdominal cavity volume, incisional hernia volume and peritoneal volume) were evaluated. One of the component separation technique was performed according to Carbonell's equation. RESULTS: Two hundred and two patients (101 from each group) were included. The patients with posterior component separation were more comorbid and with larger defects. The procedure was longer with 80 min but overall length of hospital stay shorter (p < 0.001) for posterior component separation. Seroma, hematoma and skin necrosis were equally distributed for both group of patients and there was no direct relation to surgery (OR 0.887, 95% CI 0.370-2.125, p = 0.788; OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.677-3.33, p = 0.318 and OR 0.386, 95% CI 0.117-1.276, p = 0.119). Surgical Site Infection rate was increased for anterior component separation (p =0.004). CONCLUSION: Complex incisional hernia repair is a challenge given by a large amount of wound complications. Choosing between anterior and posterior component separation is still a source of significant debate. We were not able to depict significant different rates of complications between the procedures and we couldn't find any specific factor related to complications.

Perioperative complications and short-term outcomes of sacrocolpopexy using self-adhesive mesh.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative complications and short-term outcomes of patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy using a self-adhesive mesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, monocentric study conducted between October 2019 and December 2020. We included 20 consecutive patients on whom sacrocolpopexy using the Parietex ProGripTM Self-Fixating Mesh (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was performed. The patients' demographics, operative data, perioperative complications, and functional and anatomical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were included in this study. The objective cure rate was 95%, and the subjective cure rate was 94.12%. The failure of the surgery was defined as the recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) ≥ grade II. The preoperative POP quantification classifications were as follows: grade I: 0%; grade II: 70%; grade III: 30%; and grade IV: 0%. There were no mesh-related complications or other intraoperative complications. The postoperative complications included two urinary tract infections, two incisional hernias, and a prolapse recurrence. The mean operative time was 154 ± 37.04 minutes, and the mean hospital stay time was 7 ± 1.12 days. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that the use of the Parietex ProGripTM Self-Fixating Mesh in abdominal sacrocolpopexy was not associated with greater rates of complications. KEY WORDS: Pelvic organ prolapse, Sacrocolpopexy, Self-fixating mesh.

Importance of the neutrophil­to­lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with spleen trauma: A single center experience.

Abdominal trauma is a common diagnosis for patients admitted to the emergency room. Evaluation of the severity of such patients can sometimes be difficult due to rapid hemodynamic changes caused by the activation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulatory mechanisms. To evaluate the prognosis of trauma patients, it is crucial to identify these changes and adapt various treatment strategies. Using the records of the Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 126 patients were included in the present study with traumatic splenic injury admitted over 6 years. Blood parameters such as the neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were determined, and the association between these and the severity of the traumatic injury [quantified as the injury severity score (ISS)] was calculated. We used linear and multiple regression analyses to identify and quantify the relationships. We found statistically significant associations between the ISS and the NLR (P=0.002), with an AUC of 0.816 and a cut-off value of NLR=6.075 (sensitivity=76.7%, specificity=74.3%), and between the ISS and hemoglobin (P<0.0001), hematocrit (P<0.0001), neutrophil count (P<0.0001), lymphocyte count (P=0.0224), and platelet count (P=0.0163). No association was found between the PLR and the severity of trauma. An elevated NLR at admission in trauma patients had significant predictive power for the severity of trauma. Patients with an NLR greater than the cut-off value of 6.075 were more likely to have suffered serious injuries and undergone deterioration.

V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) as an emerging target for epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer.

V-set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1) is a cell-cell adhesion molecule which role in the genesis and evolution of gastric cancer (GC) is not understood. Only three Medline-indexed papers have focused on the role of VSIG1 in GC. The clinicopathological features of 94 GCs were examined in association with immunohistochemical (IHC) patterns of VSIG1, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin which were assessed in the tumor core (central) vs. invasive edge. Cases were classified depending on the VSIG1 expression: membrane/membrane in both core and invasive front; null/negative staining in both core and invasive front; and cases with translocational patterns: membrane core/cytoplasmic buds and cytoplasmic core/null buds. Most of the tumors showed null pattern (n = 54). Cases with translocational patterns (n = 20) were GCs with a high lymph node ratio value (≥ 0.26) and advanced Dukes-MAC-like stage. Of the 20 total cases, 9 showed membrane-to-nuclear translocation of ß-catenin and loss of E-cadherin, as indicators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. All cases with membrane/membrane pattern (n = 20) involved the distal stomach. The poorest overall survival was registered in patients with subcellular translocation of VSIG1, compared to those with either membrane/membrane or null patterns (p = 0.002). In GC, VSIG1 acts as an adhesion membrane protein but its membrane-cytoplasmic translocation can be an indicator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition due to cytoplasmic VSIG1-mediated activation of canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Neutrophil­to­lymphocyte, platelet­to­lymphocyte and lymphocyte­to­monocyte ratios are associated with amputation rates in patients with peripheral arterial disease and diabetes mellitus who underwent revascularization: A Romanian regional center study.

Inflammation plays an important role in peripheral artery disease (PAD), contributing to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Studies have revealed that due to their inflammatory nature, leucocytes play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. A retrospective study was conducted involving 203 patients with PAD admitted to Targu Mures Emergency County Hospital for revascularization surgery between January 2017 and June 2019 (of which 47 were treated by endovascular intervention, and 156 underwent classical surgical intervention). Among all patients included in the study, 47 patients required amputation following the revascularization intervention. The results indicated that though the mean patient age in the non-amputation group was higher than that in the amputation group, that the difference was not significant. With regard to sex distribution, 72% of the patients from the amputation group were male, while from the non-amputation group, 74% were male. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) cut-off value for the prediction of amputation in PAD was 3.485 (sensitivity, 60.42%; specificity 72.44%), whereas the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) value was 152, (sensitivity, 54.17%; specificity, 71.79%), and was 2.55 for the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ration (LMR; sensitivity, 56.25%; specificity, 66.88%). The study concluded that in patients with PAD, the NLR and PLR were increased, while the LMR was decreased, which was also associated with a higher rate of amputation after revascularization, despite the lack of correlation between these factors, Fontaine classification and the number of damaged vessels. Therefore, pre-operative alterations in NLR, PLR and LMR may predict the need for amputation in patients with PAD, or those who underwent a revascularization intervention.