RESUMO
Long-term regulation of mammalian steroid hormone synthesis occurs principally by transcriptional regulation of the gene for the rate-limiting cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme P450scc. Adrenal steroidogenesis is regulated primarily by two hormones: adrenocorticotropin, which works via cyclic AMP (cAMP) and protein kinase A, and angiotensin II, which works via Ca2+ and protein kinase C. Forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated, while prolonged treatment with a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA]) and a calcium ionophore (A23187) additively suppressed accumulation of endogenous P450scc mRNA in transformed murine adrenal Y1 cells. In Y1 cells transfected with 2,327 base pairs of the human P450scc promoter fused to the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), forskolin increased CAT activity 900% while combined TPA plus A23187 reduced CAT activity to 15% of the control level. Forskolin induced the P450scc promoter as rapidly as a promoter containing two cAMP-responsive elements fused to a simian virus 40 promoter, a system known to respond directly to cAMP. Basal expression was increased by sequences between -89 and -152 and was increased further by sequences between -605 and -2327. This upstream region also conferred inducibility by cAMP. TPA plus A23187 transiently increased CAT activity before repressing it, reflecting the complex actions of angiotensin II in vivo. Repression by prolonged treatment with TPA plus A23187 was mediated by multiple elements between -89 and -343. Induction of CAT activity by forskolin was not diminished by treatment with TPA plus A23187, nor were the regions of the promoter responsible for regulation by the two pathways coisolated. Thus, the human gene for P450scc is repressed by TPA plus A23187 by mechanisms and sequences independent of those that mediate induction by cAMP.
Assuntos
8-Bromo Monofosfato de Adenosina Cíclica/farmacologia , Calcimicina/farmacologia , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/genética , AMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Genes , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Transcrição Gênica , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Códon/genética , Genes/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Cinética , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Plasmídeos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA/genética , RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Mapeamento por Restrição , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , TransfecçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the length and position of a thyroidectomy scar that is cosmetically most appealing to naïve raters. METHODS: Images of thyroidectomy scars were reproduced on male and female necks using digital imaging software. Surgical variables studied were scar position and length. Fifteen raters were presented with 56 scar pairings and asked to identify which was preferred cosmetically. Twenty duplicate pairings were included to assess rater reliability. Analysis of variance was used to determine preference. RESULTS: Raters preferred low, short scars, followed by high, short scars, with long scars in either position being less desirable (p < 0.05). Twelve of 15 raters had acceptable intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. CONCLUSION: Naïve raters preferred low, short scars over the alternatives. High, short scars were the next most favourably rated. If other factors influencing incision choice are considered equal, surgeons should consider these preferences in scar position and length when planning their thyroidectomy approach.
Assuntos
Cicatriz/psicologia , Preferência do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Tireoidectomia/psicologia , Adulto , Cicatriz/etiologia , Estética/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/psicologia , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To limit ischemic myocardial injury, it is important to differentiate viable from infarcted myocardium. Three dimensional (3D) tagged MRI has the ability to quantify myocardial 3D deformation and strain (noninvasively and precisely), and can achieve a true comparison of contraction not only from region to region, but also at different levels of function. In this study, we investigated whether regional strain mapping obtained by 3D-tagged MRI can differentiate between viable but stunned myocardium and nonviable myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 7 dogs 2 days after a 90-minute closed-chest left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 48 hours of reperfusion. 3D-tagged MR images spanning the entire left ventricle were acquired both at rest and during dobutamine infusion (5 microg. kg-1. min-1 IV). Regional blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres and used to define risk regions. Infarcted regions were defined as 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride negative regions. Strains in infarcted regions were greatly impaired compared with remote regions (P<0.001) and remained unchanged during dobutamine stress. Risk regions showed a dysfunction at rest, with improved function during dobutamine infusion. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that radial strain was more accurate for identifying viable regions. CONCLUSIONS: When coupled with a stress test, 3D strain mapping by the use of tagged MRI is a sensitive and noninvasive method for characterizing ischemic injury. Regional strain can be used to differentiate between viable but stunned and nonviable myocardium within the postischemic injured myocardium.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Animais , Circulação Coronária , Cães , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Miocárdio Atordoado , Fatores de Tempo , Sobrevivência de TecidosRESUMO
The chronic regulation of steroiodgenesis is mediated principally by transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the various steroidogenic enzymes. The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc, is rate limiting and hormonally regulated in a tissue-specific fashion. Human placental steroidogenesis is regulated by LH and hCG through increased intracellular cAMP, and forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP increase the abundance of human P450scc mRNA in human JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. We transfected JEG-3 cells with 24 promoter/reporter constructions to examine the tissue-specific and hormonally induced transcription of the human P450scc gene in these cells. A reporter construction containing only bases -79 to +49 of the human P450scc gene was expressed in JEG-3 cells. This basal expression was increased by four elements, especially by a powerful element between -152 to -142. Adding DNA sequences to -177 suppressed the basal expression seen with the -152 construction, indicating that a repressor element lies between -177 and -152. Thus, basal expression of the human P450scc gene in JEG-3 cells is mediated by the interplay of several separate cis-acting DNA elements. Forskolin induction was conferred by sequences between -108 and -89. The mechanism for cAMP induction appears to be direct, as this induction is rapid and is not blocked by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Gel mobility shift experiments identified six specific DNA-protein complexes. Five of these complexes correlate closely with the basal transcription activities identified by the reporter assays. The powerful basal element, the repressor element, and the cAMP element differ from those identified by similar experiments in mouse adrenal Y1 cells, suggesting that the human P450scc gene is regulated by the tissue-specific use of different regulatory elements.
Assuntos
Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/genética , AMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Placenta/enzimologia , Proteínas da Gravidez/genética , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , 8-Bromo Monofosfato de Adenosina Cíclica/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , Calcimicina/farmacologia , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/biossíntese , Coriocarcinoma/patologia , Colforsina/farmacologia , Cicloeximida/farmacologia , DNA/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacologia , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Especificidade de Órgãos , Proteínas da Gravidez/biossíntese , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Deleção de Sequência , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologiaRESUMO
Cytochrome P450c17 is the single microsomal enzyme catalyzing steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17-20-lyase activities. It is expressed and regulated by tropic hormones in the human adrenal and gonads, but is not expressed in the placenta. To study the transcriptional regulation of the human P450c17 gene, we constructed 11 plasmids containing serial deletions of its 5' nontranslated region driving expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. These constructs were transfected into mouse adrenal Y1 and testis MA-10 cells and incubated with forskolin, 8-bromo-cAMP, or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) for 12 h. Interpretation of results from standard constructions was difficult, apparently because some transcription was incorrectly initiated by DNA sequences in the vector. Therefore, we built a modified CAT reporter vector that eliminated detectable read-through transcription. In Y1 cells, the basal activity of constructs containing from -82 to -184 basepairs (bp) of 5' flanking DNA was between 80-150% of the promoterless control. Constructs containing at least -235 bp of this DNA expressed CAT at 540% of the control value, but addition of sequences to -774 had no further effect. Forskolin increased the expression of CAT activity to 300% above basal with constructions containing DNA from -184 to -774 bp. Constructs containing between -184 and -310 bp expressed CAT at 50% of the forskolin-induced levels in cells treated with TPA. Both basal and cAMP-induced expression were much lower in MA-10 cells than in Y1 cells and increased with increasing promoter length to -774.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Aldeído Liases/genética , AMP Cíclico/farmacologia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase/genética , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , 8-Bromo Monofosfato de Adenosina Cíclica/farmacologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferase/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Colforsina/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Plasmídeos , Testículo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Studies of adrenal steroidogenesis have been facilitated by the availability of immortalized mouse adrenocortical Y-1 cells. We sought to make new, alternative mouse steroidogenic cell lines by genetically targeted tumorigenesis. Transgenic mice were constructed expressing both the SV40 T-antigen and a bacterial neomycin-resistance gene under the control of the promoter for the human P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc) gene, which encodes the first and rate-limiting enzyme in steroidogenesis. Two female transgenic mice expressed T-antigen in various nonsteroidogenic tissues but generated tumors only in the adrenals, suggesting adrenal tumor formation was an early event. Ovarian tissues, which, unlike the adrenal, do not make steroids in fetal or early postnatal life, did not develop tumors. Cell lines derived from the adrenal tumors were resistant to the neomycin analog G418. Clonal sublines are stable, growing easily in monolayers with a doubling time of 24-60 h. The cell lines secrete progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone, indicating these cells express the P450scc system, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 21-hydroxylase activity. However the 21-hydroxylase activity was not mediated by P450c21, as the cells lacked P450c21 mRNA. The cells did not secrete any 11-hydroxylated steroids, although they contained P450c11 beta mRNA. Both the secretion of progesterone and the abundance of P450scc mRNA increase in response to 8-bromo-cAMP, but not to ACTH or angiotensin II. In addition to expression of steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs, one cell line also expresses mouse renin-1 mRNA, making these cells useful for studies of the role of adrenal renin in regulating adrenal steroidogenesis. These findings represent an approach in transgenic mice to develop highly differentiated adrenal cell lines.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/biossíntese , Córtex Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/genética , 3-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/genética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos Transformantes de Poliomavirus/genética , Linhagem Celular , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/genética , Desoxicorticosterona/biossíntese , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neomicina , Progesterona/biossíntese , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Renina/genética , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilase/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether human adrenal cells can be infected by HIV. METHODS: Cultured human fetal adrenal cells and the SW13 human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line were inoculated with several HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains. Virus replication was detected by viral core antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent and reverse transcriptase assays. CD4 expression was measured by Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction procedures. RESULTS: HIV infection of these adrenal cells was detected and was most evident after cocultivation of the inoculated cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infection does not involve the CD4 molecule, which is not expressed by these adrenal cells. The relative level of HIV replication depended on the viral strain used. Virus production occurred best in cells that maintained evidence of adrenal cell function. Infection did not appear to disturb steroidogenesis measured in the cells. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that human adrenal cells are susceptible to HIV infection, and provide further evidence of the polytropic nature of the virus.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/microbiologia , HIV/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Córtex Suprarrenal/embriologia , Córtex Suprarrenal/microbiologia , Córtex Suprarrenal/ultraestrutura , Glândulas Suprarrenais/embriologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/ultraestrutura , Antígenos CD4/genética , Células Cultivadas , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/genética , HIV/genética , Humanos , Neuritos/ultraestrutura , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Especificidade da Espécie , Esteroides/biossíntese , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Both cortisol and aldosterone bind to and activate the mineralocorticoid receptor. Cortisol concentrations are generally 100- to 200-fold higher than aldosterone concentrations, yet mineralocorticoids clearly exert effects different from glucocorticoids. One hypothesis is that 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD), which converts cortisol to biologically inactive cortisone, protects the mineralocorticoid receptor from cortisol. The circulating concentrations of cortisol in the squirrel monkey are 20- to 50-fold higher than human cortisol concentrations, yet this animal has no evidence of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid excess. We used this experiment of nature to test the hypotheses that the known (hepatic) form of 11 beta-HSD protects renal mineralocorticoid receptors from the action of cortisol and that it modulates glucocorticoid concentrations in target tissues. Using a long oligonucleotide based on the rat sequence, we cloned the squirrel monkey 11 beta-HSD complementary DNA and gene. The encoded monkey amino acid sequence is 75% and 91% identical to the corresponding rat and human sequences, respectively. The tissue abundance of the messenger RNA for the monkey enzyme was similar to or less than that seen for the rat and human enzymes. Both the monkey and human 11 beta-HSD complementary DNAs were cloned into an expression vector and used to transfect cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both vectors were transcribed and translated into equivalent amounts of 11 beta-HSD enzyme. The monkey enzyme was slightly more efficient than the human enzyme in converting [3H]cortisol to cortisone, and estimates of the Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum velocity of both enzymes are similar. These data indicate that the abundance and activity of the hepatic form of 11 beta-HSD are insufficient to inactivate the very high concentrations of cortisol in the squirrel monkey, suggesting that this form of 11 beta-HSD does not defend the mineralocorticoid receptor or protect tissues from high cortisol concentrations. Rather, this enzyme appears to favor conversion of cortisone to cortisol, thus maximizing tissue concentrations of cortisol to overcome glucocorticoid resistance associated with a 50% reduction in glucococorticoid receptors.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/química , Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células CHO , Clonagem Molecular , Cricetinae , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Resistência a Medicamentos , Humanos , Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Saimiri , Distribuição Tecidual , TransfecçãoRESUMO
The regulated expression of the genes encoding the various steroidogenic enzymes is a crucial component in the control of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Tissue-specific transcription of each of the steroidogenic enzyme genes determines the array of enzymes present within a steroidogenic tissue, and therefore the types of steroid hormones the tissue produces. Transcriptional regulation also determines developmental changes in the steroid hormones synthesized by steroidogenic tissues and for the quantitative regulation of steroid hormones necessary for reproduction and for maintaining physiological homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms governing transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic enzyme genes is now being studied. The results so far indicate that, like most other genes, transcription of steroidogenic enzyme genes is regulated by cis-elements in the 5' flanking DNA of the genes that bind trans-acting proteins found in the nucleus. Several types of cis-elements have been identified: elements responsible for basal transcription, for induction by cAMP, and for both basal and cAMP induction. Some of the basal cis-elements identified may have a role in tissue-specific transcription of certain steroidogenic enzyme genes in steroidogenic tissues. We have also identified regions in both the human P450scc and human P450c17 promoters that repress transcription when activated by the Ca2+/protein kinase C intracellular second messenger system used by angiotensin II. This review summarizes our current understanding of transcriptional regulation of the steroidogenic enzyme genes.
Assuntos
Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/metabolismo , Esteroide 17-alfa-Hidroxilase/metabolismo , Esteroides/biossíntese , Animais , Sequência de Bases , AMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hormônios/fisiologia , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteína Quinase C/fisiologia , Proteínas Quinases/fisiologia , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
The imaging modalities used to study the mechanism of cardiomyoplasty, such as echocardiography and radionuclide scintigraphy, are seriously limited by their two-dimensional format. Radiofrequency-pulse-tagged magnetic resonance imaging was used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the left ventricle throughout the cardiac cycle after cardiomyoplasty. In 2 dogs that had undergone conditioned, right anterior cardiomyoplasty, wrap stimulation with alternating heartbeats was found to produce marked translation of the left ventricle in the short-axis plane, rotation around the long axis, and displacement along the long axis with net long-axis compression; there was no augmentation of radial squeeze. The findings from this study suggest that any systolic augmentation produced by the right anterior wrap is due primarily to long-axis compression. Our study demonstrates a new, more accurate technique of assessing the mechanical effects of cardiomyoplasty in three dimensions, thus permitting a more rational optimization of wrap configurations, and emphasizes the perils of using standard two-dimensional imaging modalities in this setting of exaggerated three-dimensional motion.
Assuntos
Circulação Assistida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Músculos/transplante , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Animais , Cães , Estimulação Elétrica , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Movimento , Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Rotação , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Pressão Ventricular/fisiologiaRESUMO
The ability of a physiological dose of estrogen (estradiol benzoate, estrogen: 10 microgram 48 and 24 h prior) to modulate autoreceptor-mediated changes in dopamine transport properties was investigated in a synaptosomal preparation prepared from the nucleus accumbens of ovariectomized rats. Quinpirole (1-100 microM)-mediated potentiation of [3H]dopamine uptake was attenuated in synaptosomes from estrogen-primed animals. Haloperidol (10 microM) inhibited basal uptake and effectively prevented quinpirole potentiation of uptake in both ovariectomized and estrogen-primed samples. The ability of selective protein phosphatase inhibitors to modulate autoreceptor-mediated potentiation of dopamine uptake was also examined. Pretreatment with protein phosphatase 2B (deltamethrin, cypermethrin) or protein phosphatase 1 (tautomycin) inhibitors attenuated basal and quinpirole-potentiated dopamine uptake in ovariectomized but not estrogen-primed tissue. These data suggest that autoreceptor-mediated activation of dopamine transport can be regulated by physiological doses of estrogen and implicate a role for protein phosphorylation in autoreceptor-mediated potentiation of dopamine uptake.
Assuntos
Autorreceptores/fisiologia , Dopamina/farmacocinética , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Piranos , Compostos de Espiro , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Benzazepinas/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas de Dopamina/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Dopamina D2 , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Haloperidol/farmacologia , Cinética , Ovariectomia , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Fosfatase 1 , Quimpirol/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Dopamina D1/antagonistas & inibidores , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinaptossomos/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging is a noninvasive technique for measuring three-dimensional motion and deformation in the human heart. Tags are regions of tissue whose longitudinal magnetization has been altered before imaging so that they appear dark in subsequent magnetic resonance images. They then move with the underlying tissue and serve as easily identifiable landmarks within the heart for the detailed detection of motion. Many different motion and strain parameters can be determined from tagged magnetic resonance imaging. Strain components that are based on a high density of tag data, such as circumferential and longitudinal shortening, or parameters that are combinations of multiple strain components, have highest measurement precision and tightest normal ranges. The pattern of three-dimensional motion and strain in the heart is important clinically, because it reflects the basic mechanical function of the myocardium at both local and global levels. Localized abnormalities can be detected and quantified if the pattern of deformation in a given heart is compared to the normal range for that region, because normal motion and strain in the left ventricle is spatially heterogeneous. Contraction strains typically are greatest in the anterior and lateral walls and increase toward the apex. The direction of greatest contraction lies along a counter clockwise helix from base to apex (viewed from the base) and approximates the epicardial muscle fiber direction. This fiber geometry also results in long-axis torsion during systole. Ejection is accomplished primarily by radially inward motion of the endocardium and by descent of the base toward the apex during systole.
Assuntos
Ventrículos do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Marcadores de Spin , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
One hundred fifty-three asymptomatic boys with hypospadias were screened routinely by intravenous pyelography and voiding cystourethrography. Urinary tract abnormalities were found in 23.53%. Significant abnormalities were found in 11% on initial examination, and on follow-up, a further 4.5% required later surgery. The overall incidence of surgical interference, not including hypospadias repair, was 11.76%. Thus, routine urinary tract radiological screening in boys with hypospadias is recommended.
Assuntos
Hipospadia/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Hidronefrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lactente , Rim/anormalidades , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Ureter/anormalidades , Obstrução Ureteral/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Two additional cases of congenital gastric outlet obstruction are presented. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken and as a result a classification for congenital gastric outlet obstruction is suggested. The management of the cases reported in the literature has also been reviewed together with the genetics of pyloric atresia and associated dermatologic lesions. Guidelines are given for the management of congenital gastric outlet obstruction with and without associated, inherited dermatologic conditions.
Assuntos
Estenose Pilórica/congênito , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estenose Pilórica/genética , Estenose Pilórica/cirurgiaRESUMO
Results of studies of the popular illness susto and the biomedical entity pulmonary tuberculosis are offered to illustrate how comparisons of sick and well people can elucidate societal processes in cultural anthropology.
Assuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Sociologia Médica , Tuberculose Pulmonar/etnologia , Adulto , Emprego , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , México , Pesquisa , Fatores Sexuais , Valores Sociais/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologiaAssuntos
Glicoproteínas , Cromossomos Sexuais/fisiologia , Análise para Determinação do Sexo , Diferenciação Sexual/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Hormônio Antimülleriano , Sequência de Bases , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Feminino , Genes do Tumor de Wilms/fisiologia , Inibidores do Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit , Hormônios Testiculares/fisiologia , Fatores de TranscriçãoAssuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Crescimento , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Masculino , Métodos , Diálise Peritoneal , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Doadores de Tecidos , Imunologia de Transplantes , Transplante Homólogo , Infecções Urinárias/etiologiaRESUMO
Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis, a rarely reported phenomenon, has a high mortality rate. We report a unique case of C. violaceum sepsis in an infant. A 4-month-old girl presented to our institution with fever, pustular skin lesions, and distended abdomen, as well as diminished activity and mental status. Radiological investigation revealed brain, lung, and hepatic abscesses. The infant was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin.