Deaths and hospitalizations of victims of non-drug toxicological events in Brazil, 2009 to 2018. / Óbitos e internações de vítimas de eventos toxicológicos não medicamentosos no Brasil, 2009 a 2018.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the rate of hospitalizations due to acute non-drug poisoning (NDP) events and to analyze mortality arising from these health conditions in Brazil from 2009 to 2018. METHODS: this was a time-series study using Prais-Winsten regression to analyze records of hospitalizations for "treatment of intoxication or poisoning due to exposure to non-drug substances" held on the Hospital Information System. RESULTS: there were 125,570 hospitalizations due to NDP. The average hospitalization rate was 6.3/100,000 inhabitants, although it was higher in males (8.0/100,000 inhab.) compared to females (4.6/100,000 inhab.). The hospitalization rate and the overall mortality rate due NDP to fell from 9.4 to 4.5/100,000 inhab. and from 2.5 to 1.6/1 million inhab., respectively. CONCLUSIONS: there was a reduction in the NDP hospitalization rate and in mortality due to NDP during the decade analyzed.

Deaths and hospitalizations resulting from poisoning by prescription and over-the-counter drugs in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of hospitalizations considering drug intoxication and the mortality of these diseases in Brazil, given trends from 2009 to 2018. METHODS: Data on hospital admissions and deaths come from DATASUS and demographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Hospital admissions with Autorização para Internação Hospitalar (AIH - Authorization for Hospital Admission) indicated as a procedure "treatment of intoxication or poisoning due to exposure to drugs and substances for non-drug use" were selected, with only cases of hospitalization due to drug intoxication being analyzed. The incidence of hospitalization and mortality were calculated separately for intoxications caused by medicamentos com prescrição (MRx - prescription drugs) and medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIP - over-the-counter drugs). Rates were further stratified by sex, age group, and region of residence in Brazil. Trend analysis was performed by generalized linear regression using the Prais-Winsten method. RESULTS: MRx caused most hospitalizations (97%), with mortality approximately 50 times higher when compared to hospitalizations for MIP. The incidence trend in hospitalizations for MRx was stationary and mortality increased during the study period, whereas the trend in mortality and in the incidence of hospitalizations for MIP decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations for drug intoxication, especially those caused by MRx, have a great impact and importance on public health considering that prevention is possible.

[Factors associated with the acceptance of the influenza vaccine among health workers: knowledge, attitude and practice]. / Fatores associados à aceitação da vacina influenza entre trabalhadores de saúde: conhecimento, atitude e prática.

Influenza vaccine is recommended for all health workers, but vaccination coverage remains unsatisfactory. A cross-sectional study that aimed to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination was carried out with health workers from a large Hospital Complex in Salvador, Bahia. A self-administered questionnaire was used based on the models "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices" and "Health Belief Model". The dependent variable was the vaccination status against influenza in 2014, and the independent variables were sociodemographic factors, vaccine history, knowledge and attitudes about influenza/influenza vaccine. Logistic regression was used, odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for sex, age and occupation. The best multivariate model was chosen through backwards elimination and the Akaike Information Criterion. 755 workers participated. Influenza vaccine coverage was 61.5%, being higher among nurses (69.0%) and lower among physicians (49.1%). The factors associated with being vaccinated against influenza were: knowing that even when healthy, one must vaccinate against influenza (OR = 3.15; 95%CI:1.74-5.71); knowing that the vaccine does not protect for many years (OR = 2.08; 95%CI:1.30-3.33); and not to be afraid of post-vaccine adverse effects (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.26-2.95).

A vacina influenza é recomendada para todos trabalhadores de saúde, mas sua cobertura permanece insatisfatória. Estudo transversal que objetivou identificar fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza, realizado com trabalhadores de saúde de um grande Complexo Hospitalar de Salvador, Bahia. Utilizou-se questionário autoaplicável baseado nos modelos "Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas" e "Health Belief Model". A variável dependente foi a vacinação contra influenza em 2014, e as independentes representaram fatores sociodemográficos, histórico vacinal, conhecimentos e atitudes sobre influenza/vacina influenza. Usou-se regressão logística, calculou-se odds ratio a intervalos de confiança de 95%, ajustando para sexo, idade e profissão. Elegeu-se o melhor modelo multivariado através de eliminação retrógada e do Critério de Informação de Akaike. Participaram 755 trabalhadores. A cobertura da vacina influenza foi de 61,5%, sendo maior entre enfermeiros (69,0%) e menor entre médicos (49,1%). Os fatores associados a vacinar-se contra influenza foram: conhecer que mesmo estando saudável deve-se vacinar (OR = 3,15; IC95%:1,74-5,71); saber que a vacina não protege por muitos anos (OR = 2,08; IC95%:1,30-3,33); e não temer efeitos adversos pós-vacinais (OR = 1,93; IC95%:1,26-2,95).

Óbitos e internações de vítimas de eventos toxicológicos não medicamentosos no Brasil, 2009 a 2018 / Muertes y hospitalizaciones de víctimas de eventos toxicológicos no medicamentosos en Brasil, 2009 a 2018 / Deaths and hospitalizations of victims of non-drug toxicological events in Brazil, 2009 to 2018

Objetivo: determinar a taxa de internações por eventos agudos de intoxicação não medicamentosa (NMx) e analisar a mortalidade decorrente desses agravos no Brasil, de 2009 a 2018. Métodos: estudo de série temporal, no qual se analisaram registros de internações por "tratamento de intoxicação ou envenenamento por exposição a substâncias de uso não medicamentoso" no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH), por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: ocorreram 125.570 internações em virtude de intoxicação NMx. A taxa média de internações foi de 6,3/100 mil habitantes, sendo maior no sexo masculino (8,0/100 mil hab.) comparado ao feminino (4,6/100 mil hab.). A taxa de internações e a mortalidade geral de internações por intoxicação NMx diminuíram de 9,4 para 4,5/100 mil hab. e de 2,5 para 1,6/1 milhão de hab., respectivamente. Conclusões: houve redução da taxa de internações e da mortalidade por intoxicações NMx durante a década analisada.

Objetivo: determinar la tasa de hospitalizaciones por eventos agudos de intoxicación no medicamentosa (NMx) y analizar la mortalidad resultante en Brasil de 2009 a 2018. Métodos: estudio de serie temporal en el que se analizaron los registros de hospitalizaciones por "tratamiento de intoxicación o envenenamiento por exposición a sustancias de uso no farmacológico" del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria (SIH) por la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: hubo 125.570 hospitalizaciones por intoxicación NMx. La mortalidad promedio de hospitalizaciones fue de 6,3/100 mil hab., siendo más alta en el sexo masculino (8,0/100 mil hab.) en comparación con el femenino (4,6/100 mil hab.). La tasa de hospitalizaciones y la mortalidad global de las hospitalizaciones por NMx disminuyeron de 9,4 a 4,5 por 100 mil hab. y de 2,5 a 1,6 por 1 millón de hab., respectivamente. Conclusiones: hubo reducción en la tasa de hospitalizaciones y en la mortalidad por intoxicaciones NMx durante la década analizada.

Objective: to determine the rate of hospitalizations due to acute non-drug poisoning (NDP) events and to analyze mortality arising from these health conditions in Brazil from 2009 to 2018. Methods: this was a time-series study using Prais-Winsten regression to analyze records of hospitalizations for "treatment of intoxication or poisoning due to exposure to non-drug substances" held on the Hospital Information System. Results: there were 125,570 hospitalizations due to NDP. The average hospitalization rate was 6.3/100,000 inhabitants, although it was higher in males (8.0/100,000 inhab.) compared to females (4.6/100,000 inhab.). The hospitalization rate and the overall mortality rate due NDP to fell from 9.4 to 4.5/100,000 inhab. and from 2.5 to 1.6/1 million inhab., respectively. Conclusions: there was a reduction in the NDP hospitalization rate and in mortality due to NDP during the decade analyzed.

Deaths and hospitalizations resulting from poisoning by prescription and over-the-counter drugs in Brazil / Óbitos e internações decorrentes de intoxicações por medicamentos com prescrição e isentos de prescrição, no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of hospitalizations considering drug intoxication and the mortality of these diseases in Brazil, given trends from 2009 to 2018. METHODS: Data on hospital admissions and deaths come from DATASUS and demographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Hospital admissions with Autorização para Internação Hospitalar (AIH - Authorization for Hospital Admission) indicated as a procedure "treatment of intoxication or poisoning due to exposure to drugs and substances for non-drug use" were selected, with only cases of hospitalization due to drug intoxication being analyzed. The incidence of hospitalization and mortality were calculated separately for intoxications caused by medicamentos com prescrição (MRx - prescription drugs) and medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIP - over-the-counter drugs). Rates were further stratified by sex, age group, and region of residence in Brazil. Trend analysis was performed by generalized linear regression using the Prais-Winsten method. RESULTS: MRx caused most hospitalizations (97%), with mortality approximately 50 times higher when compared to hospitalizations for MIP. The incidence trend in hospitalizations for MRx was stationary and mortality increased during the study period, whereas the trend in mortality and in the incidence of hospitalizations for MIP decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations for drug intoxication, especially those caused by MRx, have a great impact and importance on public health considering that prevention is possible.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência de hospitalizações por intoxicação medicamentosa e a mortalidade desses agravos no Brasil, descrevendo as tendências de 2009 a 2018. MÉTODOS: Os dados de internações hospitalares e óbitos originam-se do DATASUS e os dados demográficos, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram selecionadas as internações hospitalares cuja Autorização para Internação Hospitalar (AIH) indicasse como procedimento "tratamento de intoxicação ou envenenamento por exposição a medicamento e substâncias de uso não medicamentoso", sendo analisados apenas os casos de hospitalização por intoxicação medicamentosa. A incidência de hospitalização e a mortalidade foram calculadas separadamente para intoxicações causadas por medicamentos com prescrição (MRx) e isentos de prescrição (MIP). As taxas foram ainda estratificadas por sexo, faixa etária e região de residência no Brasil. A análise de tendência foi realizada por regressão linear generalizada pelo método de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS: A maioria das internações foi causada por MRx (97%), com mortalidade aproximadamente 50 vezes maior, quando comparada às internações por MIP. A tendência da incidência das internações por MRx foi estacionária, mas a mortalidade aumentou durante o período estudado, enquanto a tendência na mortalidade e na incidência de internações por MIP foi decrescente. CONCLUSÕES: As internações por intoxicação medicamentosa, sobretudo aquelas causadas por MRx, têm grande impacto e importância na saúde pública, especialmente porque esses agravos podem ser prevenidos.

[Prognostic factors about morbidity and lethality in head injury]. / Fatores preditivos do prognóstico em vítimas de trauma craniencefálico.

OBJECTIVE: To define the prognostic factors in head injury victims. METHOD: Assessment and notification of 555 medical files from victims with head injury assisted at the General Hospital of Bahia during 2001. RESULTS: We verified morbidity rates of 19.6% and lethality rates of 22.9%, with most deaths occurring in men after the third decade of life; the injuries involved traffic accidents that were responsible for 64 (50.4%) deaths. Older age, traffic accidents and fever were predictors of death in the multivariable analysis. Fever was the only significant predictor of morbidity. CONCLUSION: Fever is an independent and modifiable predictor of death and morbidity in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Prevalence of sexual problems and related help-seeking behaviors among mature adults in Brazil: data from the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Relatively little is known about the usual frequency of sexual activity and how older individuals cope with sexual problems. The objective was to study sexual activity, prevalence of sexual problems and related help-seeking behaviors among middle-aged and older men and women in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population survey, by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. METHODS: Interviews were held with 1,199 Brazilians aged 40-80 years (471 men and 728 women). The standardized questionnaire investigated demographics, general health, sexual behavior, attitudes and beliefs. RESULTS: Overall, 92.6% of men and 58.3% of women had had sexual intercourse during the preceding year. More than half of the men and women had done so more than once a week. Early ejaculation (30.3%) was the commonest male sexual problem, followed by inability to reach orgasm (14.0%), erectile difficulties (13.1%) and lack of sexual interest (11.2%). For women, the commonest sexual problems were lubrication difficulties (23.4%) and lack of sexual interest (22.7%). Depression was a significant correlate of sexual problems, for men and women. More women than men had sought help for sexual problem(s) from a healthcare professional. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of encouraging greater use of available healthcare services, including consultation with a medical doctor regarding sexual health. This should not only enable men and women to maintain satisfactory sexual function well into their later years, but may also result in overall improvement in the quality of healthcare.

Fatores associados à aceitação da vacina influenza entre trabalhadores de saúde: conhecimento, atitude e prática / Factors associated with the acceptance of the influenza vaccine among health workers: knowledge, attitude and practice

Resumo A vacina influenza é recomendada para todos trabalhadores de saúde, mas sua cobertura permanece insatisfatória. Estudo transversal que objetivou identificar fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza, realizado com trabalhadores de saúde de um grande Complexo Hospitalar de Salvador, Bahia. Utilizou-se questionário autoaplicável baseado nos modelos "Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas" e "Health Belief Model". A variável dependente foi a vacinação contra influenza em 2014, e as independentes representaram fatores sociodemográficos, histórico vacinal, conhecimentos e atitudes sobre influenza/vacina influenza. Usou-se regressão logística, calculou-se odds ratio a intervalos de confiança de 95%, ajustando para sexo, idade e profissão. Elegeu-se o melhor modelo multivariado através de eliminação retrógada e do Critério de Informação de Akaike. Participaram 755 trabalhadores. A cobertura da vacina influenza foi de 61,5%, sendo maior entre enfermeiros (69,0%) e menor entre médicos (49,1%). Os fatores associados a vacinar-se contra influenza foram: conhecer que mesmo estando saudável deve-se vacinar (OR = 3,15; IC95%:1,74-5,71); saber que a vacina não protege por muitos anos (OR = 2,08; IC95%:1,30-3,33); e não temer efeitos adversos pós-vacinais (OR = 1,93; IC95%:1,26-2,95).

Abstract Influenza vaccine is recommended for all health workers, but vaccination coverage remains unsatisfactory. A cross-sectional study that aimed to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination was carried out with health workers from a large Hospital Complex in Salvador, Bahia. A self-administered questionnaire was used based on the models "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices" and "Health Belief Model". The dependent variable was the vaccination status against influenza in 2014, and the independent variables were sociodemographic factors, vaccine history, knowledge and attitudes about influenza/influenza vaccine. Logistic regression was used, odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for sex, age and occupation. The best multivariate model was chosen through backwards elimination and the Akaike Information Criterion. 755 workers participated. Influenza vaccine coverage was 61.5%, being higher among nurses (69.0%) and lower among physicians (49.1%). The factors associated with being vaccinated against influenza were: knowing that even when healthy, one must vaccinate against influenza (OR = 3.15; 95%CI:1.74-5.71); knowing that the vaccine does not protect for many years (OR = 2.08; 95%CI:1.30-3.33); and not to be afraid of post-vaccine adverse effects (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.26-2.95).

Fatores associados à aceitação da vacina influenza entre trabalhadores de saúde: Conhecimento, atitude e prática / Factors associated with acceptance of influenza vaccine among health workers: Knowledge , attitude and practice

A vacina influenza é recomendada para todos trabalhadores de saúde, mas sua cobertura permanece insatisfatória. Estudo transversal que objetivou identificar fatores associados à vacinação contra influenza, realizado com trabalhadores de saúde de um grande Complexo Hospitalar de Salvador, Bahia. Utilizou-se questionário autoaplicável baseado nos modelos \"Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas\" e \"Health Belief Model\". A variável dependente foi a vacinação contra influenza em 2014, e as independentes representaram fatores sociodemográficos, histórico vacinal, conhecimentos e atitudes sobre influenza/vacina influenza. Usou-se regressão logística, calculou-se odds ratio a intervalos de confiança de 95%, ajustando para sexo, idade e profissão. Elegeu-se o melhor modelo multivariado através de eliminação retrógada e do Critério de Informação de Akaike. Participaram 755 trabalhadores de saúde. A cobertura da vacina influenza foi de 61,5%, sendo maior entre enfermeiros (69,0%) e menor entre médicos (49,1%). Os fatores associados a vacinar-se contra influenza foram: conhecer que mesmo estando saudável deve-se vacinar (OR=3,15; IC95%:1,74-5,71); saber que a vacina não protege por muitos anos (OR=2,08; IC95%:1,30-3,33); e não temer efeitos adversos pós-vacinais (OR=1,93; IC95%:1,26-2,95)