Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of levamisole in Ascaridia galli experimentally infected ducks.

This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of levamisole (LVS) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral administrations to healthy and Ascaridia galli-infected ducks by developing an infection model. Twenty-four two-week old ducklings were experimentally infected with A. galli. The ducks were monitored for the development of infection and after 8 weeks they were administered with LVS at a single dose of 30 mg/kg by oral or i.v. administration. Sixteen healthy ducks were subjected to the same treatment and served as control. Serial blood samples were taken for LVS determination with HPLC-UV and pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out based on the non-compartmental approach. The LVS therapeutic efficacy was determined 1 week post drug administration by intestinal worm count at necropsy. In vivo data on development of ascariasis in ducks showed that 8 weeks post inoculation the number of eggs per gram of feces reached at least 100 in each bird. After a single dose of LVS, no parasites were recovered upon necropsy. Results of the pharmacokinetic study showed no statistical differences between infected and non-infected birds for both routes of administration. The mean oral bioavailability was slightly below 50% in both experimental groups. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of LVS in ducks was not affected by experimentally-induced ascariasis. A single dose of LVS was found to be efficient against experimental ascariasis in ducks induced by in field isolates of A. galli.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials of the Olive and Sesame Mixture against Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and natural agents have shown some promise in fighting it. Thus, the present study tried to evaluate the healing potential of an equal combination of olive and sesame extract (MOS) against the colorectal cancerous lesions that were induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male rats and also compare the anticarcinogenic potential of the MOS and vitamin E with each other. Therefore, the mixture of equal olive and sesame extract (MOS) was used as the main treatment, alongside vitamin E as a parallel treatment. This study examined the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) levels, biochemical indices, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), total protein (TP), creatine kinase (CPK), albumin, and the colon tissue pathology, as well as the level of protein expression of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Also, the tissue stress markers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Overall, the results represented a significant reduction in the congestion, mitotic index, inflammation, and cell destruction in the MOS group compared to the DMH group. In terms of the oxidative stress level, a significant increase was observed in the DMH group in comparison with the DMH-MOS group (P < 0.05), and the MOS significantly increased TAC level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DMH+MOS-exposed group exhibited a significantly lower expression of the PCNA, CEA, and PDGF proteins than those of the DMH group. Overall, the MOS showed that it can effectively prevent DMH-induced colon lesions. This mixture, as a strong antioxidant agent, can be clinically applied for preventing and treating colorectal cancer, the effectiveness of which is higher than that of vitamin E.