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1.
Can J Surg ; 64(1): E51-E58, 2021 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33533579

RESUMO

Background: Smoking cessation programs started as late as 4 weeks before surgery reduce perioperative morbidity and death, yet outpatient clinic interventions are rarely provided. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a tobacco treatment protocol designed for an outpatient surgical setting. Methods: We completed a pre-post feasibility study of the implementation of a systematic, evidence-based tobacco treatment protocol in an outpatient colorectal surgery clinic. Outcomes included smoking prevalence, pre- and postimplementation smoker identification and intervention rates, recruitment, retention, smoking cessation and provider satisfaction. Results: Preimplementation, 15.5% of 116 surveyed patients were smokers. Fewer than 10% of surveyed patients reported being asked about smoking, and none were offered any cessation intervention. Over a 16-month postimplementation period, 1198 patients were seen on 2103 visits. Of these, 950 (79.3%) patients were asked smoking status on first visit and 1030 (86.0%) were asked on at least 1 visit. Of 169 identified smokers, 99 (58.6%) were referred to follow-up support using an opt-out approach. At 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up, intention-to-quit rates among 78 enrolled patients were 24.4%, 22.9% and 19.2%, respectively. Postimplementation staff surveys reported that the protocol was easy to use, that staff would use it again and that it had positive patient responses. Conclusion: Implementation of our smoking cessation protocol in an outpatient surgical clinic was found to be feasible and used minimal clinic resources. This protocol could lead to increases in identification and documentation of smoking status, delivery of smoking cessation interventions and rates of smoking reduction and cessation.


Contexte: Les programmes d'abandon du tabagisme entamés jusqu'à 4 semaines avant une opération réduisent la morbidité et la mortalité périopératoires, mais les cliniques externes n'en proposent que rarement. L'étude visait à évaluer s'il est faisable d'appliquer un protocole de traitement du tabagisme pensé pour les milieux de soins chirurgicaux extrahospitaliers. Méthodes: Nous avons réalisé une étude de faisabilité pré- et postexpérimentale sur l'application d'un protocole de traitement systématique fondé sur des données probantes à une clinique externe de chirurgie colorectale. Les résultats à l'étude étaient les suivants : prévalence du tabagisme, identification des fumeurs et taux d'intervention avant et après la mise en place du protocole, recrutement, rétention, abandon du tabagisme et satisfaction des fournisseurs. Résultats: Au départ, 15,5 % des 116 patients sondés fumaient. Moins de 10 % des répondants avaient été questionnés sur leur statut tabagique, et aucun ne s'était vu proposer un programme d'abandon. Au cours des 16 mois suivant la mise en place du protocole, 1198 patients ont été rencontrés dans le cadre de 2103 consultations. Parmi eux, 950 (79,3 %) ont été interrogés sur leur statut tabagique à la première rencontre, et 1030 (86 %) l'ont été au moins 1 fois. Des 169 fumeurs identifiés, 99 (58,6 %) ont été orientés vers un programme de soutien selon une approche de consentement présumé. Après 1 mois, 24,4 % des 78 patients participants étaient déterminés à arrêter de fumer; 22,9 % l'étaient toujours après 3 mois, et 19,2 % après 6 mois. Les sondages menés a posteriori auprès du personnel indiquent que le protocole est facile à utiliser, que les employés s'en serviraient de nouveau, et que les patients l'ont accueilli favorablement. Conclusion: Il a été possible de mettre en place notre protocole d'abandon du tabagisme à une clinique externe de chirurgie, et ce en employant un minimum de ressources cliniques. Le protocole pourrait permettre de connaître et de consigner davantage de statuts tabagiques, d'orienter un plus grand nombre de fumeurs vers les programmes d'abandon et d'accroître les taux de réduction et d'abandon du tabagisme.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial , Protocolos Clínicos , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Centros Cirúrgicos
2.
Nicotine Tob Res ; 21(8): 1051-1057, 2019 07 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29800420

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Smokers with coronary heart disease (CHD) benefit from in-hospital cessation treatment, but relapse is common without ongoing support postdischarge. The purpose of this study was to determine if smoking abstinence would be higher after hospital discharge in smokers who received automated telephone follow-up (ATF) and nurse-counseling, compared with a standard care (SC) control group. METHODS: A total of 440 smokers hospitalized with CHD were randomly assigned to the ATF group (n = 216) or to the SC group (n = 224). Participants in the ATF group received automated phone calls 3, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after hospital discharge. The ATF system posed questions concerning smoking status, confidence in staying smoke-free, and need for assistance. If flagged by the ATF system, a nurse-counselor provided additional counseling by phone. Self-reported continuous smoking abstinence was assessed 26 and 52 weeks postdischarge using intention-to-treat analysis. The main outcome measure was continuous abstinence for weeks 1-26 postdischarge. RESULTS: Participants in the ATF group achieved higher abstinence rates for weeks 1-26 than those in the SC group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 2.33). There was no significant difference between groups in abstinence rates for weeks 27-52 (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.89 to 2.09). CONCLUSIONS: ATF-mediated follow-up helped smokers with CHD achieve abstinence during the intervention period. There was a trend toward clinically important improvements for weeks 27-52; but between-group differences for this time point did not achieve statistical significance. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT00449852. IMPLICATIONS: Automated telephone follow-up exerts its effect by reinforcing participants' efforts to be smoke-free and by proactively linking people requiring assistance to individualized support (eg, telephone counseling). This study shows that automated telephone follow-up can assist smokers with CHD in remaining smoke-free; however, the success of automated telephone follow-up is limited to the treatment period and abstinence rates after the treatment period were not statistically different from among those receiving standard care. Extended treatment via automated telephone follow-up may provide a solution to extend cessation assistance beyond hospital discharge.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Fumantes , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Telefone/tendências , Adulto , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Aconselhamento/métodos , Aconselhamento/tendências , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do Paciente/tendências
3.
Ann Fam Med ; 16(6): 498-506, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30420364

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the incremental effect of performance coaching, delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention (Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation [OMSC]), in increasing rates of tobacco-dependence treatment by primary care clinicians. METHODS: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 15 primary care practices were randomly assigned to 1 of the following active-treatment conditions: OMSC or OMSC plus performance coaching (OMSC+). All practices received support to implement the OMSC. In addition, clinicians in the OMSC+ group participated in a 1.5-hour skills-based coaching session and received an individualized performance report. All clinicians and a cross-sectional sample of their patients were surveyed before and 4 months after introduction of the interventions. The primary outcome measure was rates of tobacco-dependence treatment strategy (Ask, Advise, Assist, Arrange) delivery. Secondary outcomes were patient quit attempts and smoking abstinence measured at 6 months' follow-up. RESULTS: Primary care clinicians (166) and patients (1,990) were enrolled in the trial. Clinicians in the OMSC+ group had statistically greater rates of delivery for Ask (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.72), Assist (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.49), and Arrange (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.22-3.31). Sensitivity analysis found that the rate of delivery for Advise was greater only among those clinicians who attended the coaching session (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.10-2.49; P = .02). No differences were documented between groups for cessation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Performance coaching significantly increased rates of tobacco-dependence treatment by primary care clinicians when delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Tutoria/métodos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/terapia , Adulto , Análise por Conglomerados , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Ann Fam Med ; 14(3): 235-43, 2016 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27184994

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We report on the effectiveness of the Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation (OMSC), a multicomponent knowledge translation intervention, in increasing the rate at which primary care providers delivered smoking cessation interventions using the 3 A's model-Ask, Advise, and Act, and examine clinic-, provider-and patient-level determinants of 3 A's delivery. METHODS: We examined the effect of the knowledge translation intervention in 32 primary care practices in Ontario, Canada, by assessing a cross-sectional sample of patients before the implementation of the OMSC and a second cross-sectional sample following implementation. We used 3-level modeling (clinic, clinician, patient) to examine the main effects and predictors of 3 A's delivery. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-one primary care clinicians and more than 3,500 tobacco users contributed data to the evaluation. Rates of delivery of the 3 A's increased significantly following program implementation (Ask: 55.3% vs 71.3%, P <.001; Advise: 45.5% vs 63.6%, P <.001; Act: 35.4% vs 54.4%, P <.001). The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the delivery of 3 A's between the pre- and post-assessments were AOR = 1.94; (95% CI, 1.61-2.34) for Ask, AOR = 1.92; (95% CI, 1.60-2.29) for Advise, and AOR = 2.03; (95% CI, 1.71-2.42) for Act. The quality of program implementation and the reason for clinic visit were associated with increased rates of 3 A's delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the OMSC was associated with increased rates of smoking cessation treatment delivery. High quality implementation of the OMSC program was associated with increased rates of 3 A's delivery.


Assuntos
Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Fumar/terapia , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adulto Jovem
5.
Tob Control ; 24(5): 489-96, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24935442

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking causes many chronic diseases that are costly and result in frequent hospitalisation. Hospital-initiated smoking cessation interventions increase the likelihood that patients will become smoke-free. We modelled the cost-effectiveness of the Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation (OMSC), an intervention that includes in-hospital counselling, pharmacotherapy and posthospital follow-up, compared to usual care among smokers hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (UA), heart failure (HF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: We completed a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision-analytic model to assess smokers hospitalised in Ontario, Canada for AMI, UA, HF, and COPD, their risk of continuing to smoke and the effects of quitting on re-hospitalisation and mortality over a 1-year period. We calculated short-term and long-term cost-effectiveness ratios. Our primary outcome was 1-year cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS: From the hospital payer's perspective, delivery of the OMSC can be considered cost effective with 1-year cost per QALY gained of $C1386, and lifetime cost per QALY gained of $C68. In the first year, we calculated that provision of the OMSC to 15 326 smokers would generate 4689 quitters, and would prevent 116 rehospitalisations, 923 hospital days, and 119 deaths. Results were robust within numerous sensitivity analyses. DISCUSSION: The OMSC appears to be cost-effective from the hospital payer perspective. Important consideration is the relatively low intervention cost compared to the reduction in costs related to readmissions for illnesses associated with continued smoking.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Hospitalização , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Análise Custo-Benefício , Aconselhamento/economia , Aconselhamento/métodos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/economia , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Can J Cardiol ; 40(8S): S43-S52, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39111900

RESUMO

This article discusses the complex approach to managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), focusing on person-centred care (PCC) to align treatment strategies with individual patient narratives, values, and preferences. It identifies significant challenges in management of ASCVD, such as the necessity for multidisciplinary strategies and the need for enhanced patient care, particularly given the coexistence of ASCVD with other cardiometabolic risk factors. The paper points out existing practice gaps, including limited patient-provider information sharing and decision making, and considers the role of technology in personalizing care and improving outcomes. Strategies such as electronic health records, telehealth platforms, and motivational interviewing are examined for their potential to boost patient engagement and adherence to treatment. In addition, the article discusses systemic issues such as health care provider burnout and the importance of creating customized care plans for patients with multiple health conditions. The integration of varied approaches, including the involvement of community pharmacists and health coaches, is suggested as important for effective management of ASCVD. This review highlights the need for an innovative, holistic strategy for management of ASCVD and advocates for a transformative shift toward PCC that integrates individual, community, and system-level interventions to enhance patient engagement, therapy adherence, and overall outcomes.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Humanos , Aterosclerose/terapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Telemedicina
7.
BMJ Open ; 14(8): e084212, 2024 Aug 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39153794

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Women with previous pregnancy-related cardiovascular risk indicators, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although CVD screening and preventive care beginning in the early postpartum period are recommended, certain barriers limit access to such services. We plan to conduct a scoping review of the literature to explore and summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of postpartum CVD preventive services in women with a history of GDM and HDP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review will be conducted in line with the Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for conducting a systematic scoping review and will follow the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and the Coordinating Centre at the Institute of Education guidelines. The review results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We will search the following databases: Medline, Embase and CINAHL. We will conduct grey literature searches for registered dissertations and theses. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be kept broad. Qualitative and quantitative studies published in English or French that investigated and reported percieved barriers or facilitators to postpartum CVD screening and preventive care among women with previous GDM and HDP will be included. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, and system level factors will be reported. Qualitative findings will be summarised narratively, and quantitative findings will be absorbed within the themes using the multisource synthesis method. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This review represents one objective of a larger project that was reviewed by the Ottawa Health Sciences Network Research Ethics Board (QI-184). We will disseminate knowledge emanating from this review through open-access publication, presentation/public forums on women's cardiovascular health, women's CVD prevention forums and social media. We will also present the findings of this review at the annual meeting of the Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Gestacional , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/métodos , Pobreza , Período Pós-Parto
8.
CJC Open ; 6(2Part B): 153-164, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487059

RESUMO

Women with previous hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The goal of this rapid review was to summarize evidence of the effectiveness of CVD risk factor interventions for postpartum women with a history of HDP or GDM. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search articles published in 5 databases-Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Embase). Observational and intervention studies that identified CVD prevention, screening, and/or risk factor management interventions among postpartum women with prior HDP or GDM in Canada and the US were included. The quality of observational and interventional studies, and their risk of bias, were assessed using appropriate critical appraisal checklists. Eight studies, including 4 observational cohorts, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 1 quasi-experimental study, merited inclusion for analysis. A total of 2449 participants were involved in the included studies. The most effective CVD risk factor intervention was comprised of postpartum transition and follow-up, CVD risk factor education, and advice on lifestyle changes. Most of the observational studies led to improvements in CVD risk factors, including improvements in CVD lifetime risk scores. However, none of the RCTs led to improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. Few studies have investigated CVD risk factor interventions in the postpartum in women with previous HDP or GDM in North America. Further studies of higher quality are needed.


Les femmes ayant déjà souffert de troubles hypertensifs de la grossesse (THG) ou d'un diabète gestationnel (DG) présentent un risque de maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV) accru de 2 à 3 fois. Cette brève revue de littérature visait à colliger les évidences concernant l'efficacité des interventions se concentrant sur les facteurs de risque de MCV chez les femmes en post-partum ayant des antécédents de THG ou de DG. Une stratégie de recherche exhaustive a été employée pour rechercher des articles publiés dans 5 bases de données (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO et Embase). Les études d'observation et d'intervention qui ont identifié des interventions de prévention, de dépistage et/ou de gestion des facteurs de risque des MCV chez les femmes en post-partum ayant déjà souffert de THG ou de DG au Canada et aux États-Unis ont été incluses. La qualité des études observationnelles et interventionnelles, ainsi que leur risque de biais, ont été évalués à l'aide de listes de contrôle d'évaluation critique appropriées. Huit études, dont quatre cohortes observationnelles, trois essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) et une étude quasi expérimentale, ont été incluses pour l'analyse, impliquant au total 2 449 participantes. L'intervention la plus efficace sur les facteurs de risque de MCV incluait une transition et un suivi post-partum, une sensibilisation aux facteurs de risque de MCV et des conseils sur les changements de mode de vie. La plupart des études observationnelles ont conduit à des améliorations concernant les facteurs de risque de MCV. Cependant, aucun des ECR n'a conduit à des améliorations des facteurs de risque cardiométabolique. Peu d'études ont examiné les interventions sur les facteurs de risque de MCV pendant le post-partum chez les femmes ayant déjà souffert de THG ou de DG en Amérique du Nord. D'autres études de meilleure qualité sont nécessaires.

9.
CJC Open ; 6(2Part B): 442-453, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487062

RESUMO

This article aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps that impact clinical cardiovascular care and outcomes for women in Canada. The authors discuss various aspects of women's heart health, emphasizing the efficacy of multidisciplinary care in promoting women's well-being. The article also identifies the impact of national women's heart health campaigns and the value of peer support in improving outcomes. The article addresses the particular risks that women face, such as pregnancy-related complications and hormone replacement therapy, all of which are associated with cardiovascular events, and highlights the differences in ischemic symptoms between men and women. Despite improvements in acute event outcomes, challenges persist in accessing timely ambulatory care, particularly for women. Canada has responded to these challenges by introducing Women Heart Programs, which offer tailored programs, support groups, and specialized testing. However, these programs remain few in number and are found only in urban settings. Overall, this review identifies sex and gender factors related to women's heart health, underscoring the importance of specialized programs and multidisciplinary care in improving women's cardiovascular health.


Cet article vise à répondre aux incertitudes actuelles qui se répercutent sur les soins cardiovasculaires et les issues cliniques chez les femmes au Canada. Les auteurs abordent différents aspects de la santé cardiaque des femmes, mettant l'accent sur l'efficacité des soins multidisciplinaires pour améliorer le bien-être des femmes. L'article présente également l'effet des campagnes nationales sur la santé cardiaque des femmes et l'importance de l'entraide entre collègues pour améliorer les résultats. L'article traite des risques particuliers touchant les femmes, comme les complications liées à la grossesse et l'hormonothérapie substitutive, qui sont toutes associées à des événements cardiovasculaires, et il souligne les différences entre les hommes et les femmes pour ce qui est des symptômes ischémiques. Bien que des améliorations aient été observées quant à l'issue des événements aigus, des difficultés persistent sur le plan de l'accès rapide à des soins ambulatoires, surtout pour les femmes. Le Canada a répondu à ces difficultés en créant des programmes pour la santé cardiaque des femmes, qui offrent des services adaptés, des groupes de soutien et des analyses spécialisées. Cependant, ils sont encore peu nombreux et accessibles seulement en milieu urbain. Dans l'ensemble, cette analyse définit les facteurs liés au sexe et au genre qui interviennent dans la santé cardiaque des femmes, soulignant l'importance de mettre en place des programmes spécialisés et des soins multidisciplinaires pour améliorer la santé cardiovasculaire des femmes.

10.
CJC Open ; 6(2Part B): 463-472, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487051

RESUMO

Despite its importance, formal education in healthcare training programs on sex- and gender-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes is lacking. We completed rapid reviews of the academic and grey literature to describe the current state of women-specific CVD education in medical, nursing, and other healthcare education programs. Second, we analyzed results from a Canada-wide survey of healthcare professional education programs to identify gaps in curricula related to sex- and gender-specific training in CVD. Our academic review yielded only 15 peer-reviewed publications, and our online search only 20 healthcare education programs, that note that they specifically address women, or sex and gender, and CVD in their curricula. Across both searches, the majority of training and education programs were from the USA, varied greatly in length, delivery mode, and content covered, and lacked consistency in evaluation. Of surveys sent to 213 Canadian universities and other entry-to-practice programs, 80 complete responses (37.6%) were received. A total of 47 respondents (59%) reported that their programs included women-specific CVD content. Among those programs without content specific to CVD in women, 69.0% stated that its inclusion would add "quite a bit" or "a great deal" of value to the program. This study highlights the emerging focus on and substantial gaps in women-specific CVD training and education across healthcare education programs. All medical, nursing, and healthcare training programs are implored to incorporate sex- and gender-based CVD content into their regular curricula as part of a consolidated effort to minimize gaps in cardiovascular care.


Malgré la prévalence des maladies cardiovasculaires (CV), les programmes d'enseignement en santé accordent peu d'attention aux facteurs de risque, aux symptômes, aux traitements et aux issues selon le sexe ou le genre. Premièrement, nous avons fait une revue rapide de la littérature universitaire et la littérature grise pour faire état de la formation sur les maladies CV spécifiques aux femmes dans les programmes d'enseignement en médecine, en soins infirmiers et autres domaines de la santé. Deuxièmement, nous avons analysé les résultats d'une enquête menée à l'échelle du Canada sur des programmes de formation professionnelle pour cerner les lacunes dans les programmes au chapitre de la formation sur les maladies CV en fonction du sexe et du genre. Notre analyse de la littérature universitaire a permis de relever seulement 15 publications révisées par des pairs à ce sujet, et notre recherche en ligne a mis au jour seulement 20 programmes d'enseignement qui comportent un volet portant spécifiquement sur les femmes, ou bien le sexe et le genre, et les maladies CV. Ces deux enquêtes ont révélé que la majorité des programmes de formation et d'enseignement étaient aux États-Unis et qu'ils présentaient une grande diversité sur le plan de la durée, du mode d'enseignement et du contenu abordé. De plus, les méthodes d'évaluation n'étaient pas uniformes. Parmi les sondages envoyés à 213 universités et programmes d'admission à la pratique au Canada, 80 réponses complètes (37,6 %) ont été reçues. Quarante-sept des établissements qui ont répondu (59 %) ont signalé que leurs programmes comprenaient du contenu portant sur les maladies CV spécifiques aux femmes. Parmi les établissements dont les programmes ne comportaient aucun contenu spécifique aux femmes, 69,0 % ont indiqué qu'une telle inclusion ajouterait « beaucoup ¼ ou « énormément ¼ de valeur au programme. Cette étude met en lumière l'attention nouvelle accordée à la formation et à l'enseignement sur les maladies CV spécifiques aux femmes ainsi que les lacunes substantielles observées à cet égard dans les programmes d'enseignement en santé. Les programmes de formation en médecine, en soins infirmiers et en santé sont vivement invités à intégrer du contenu spécifique au sexe et au genre pour ce qui est des maladies CV dans un effort concerté visant à réduire les lacunes dans les soins cardiovasculaires.

11.
CJC Open ; 6(2Part B): 205-219, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487069

RESUMO

Women vs men have major differences in terms of risk-factor profiles, social and environmental factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Women are more likely than men to experience health issues that are complex and multifactorial, often relating to disparities in access to care, risk-factor prevalence, sex-based biological differences, gender-related factors, and sociocultural factors. Furthermore, awareness of the intersectional nature and relationship of sociocultural determinants of health, including sex and gender factors, that influence access to care and health outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease remains elusive. This review summarizes literature that reports on under-recognized sex- and gender-related risk factors that intersect with psychosocial, economic, and cultural factors in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of women's cardiovascular health.


Les profils de facteurs de risque, les facteurs sociaux et environnementaux, le tableau clinique, le diagnostic et le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires montrent des différences importantes entre les femmes et les hommes. Il est plus probable que les femmes expérimentent des problèmes de santé complexes et multifactoriels, qui sont souvent en relation avec les disparités dans l'accès aux soins, la prévalence des facteurs de risque, les différences biologiques entre les sexes, les facteurs liés au genre et les facteurs socioculturels. De plus, la sensibilisation à la nature et à la relation intersectionnelles des déterminants socioculturels de santé, notamment les facteurs liés au sexe et au genre, qui influencent l'accès aux soins et les résultats cliniques des femmes atteintes d'une maladie cardiovasculaire demeure insaisissable. La présente revue résume la littérature qui porte sur les facteurs de risque liés au sexe et au genre peu reconnus qui se recoupent aux facteurs psychosociaux, économiques et culturels dans le diagnostic, le traitement et les résultats cliniques en lien avec la santé cardiovasculaire des femmes.

12.
CJC Open ; 6(2Part B): 258-278, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487064

RESUMO

This final chapter of the Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance "ATLAS on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women" presents ATLAS highlights from the perspective of current status, challenges, and opportunities in cardiovascular care for women. We conclude with 12 specific recommendations for actionable next steps to further the existing progress that has been made in addressing these knowledge gaps by tackling the remaining outstanding disparities in women's cardiovascular care, with the goal to improve outcomes for women in Canada.


Dans ce chapitre final de l'ATLAS sur l'épidémiologie, le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la maladie cardiovasculaire chez les femmes de l'Alliance canadienne de santé cardiaque pour les femmes, nous présentons les points saillants de l'ATLAS au sujet de l'état actuel des soins cardiovasculaires offerts aux femmes, ainsi que des défis et des occasions dans ce domaine. Nous concluons par 12 recommandations concrètes sur les prochaines étapes à entreprendre pour donner suite aux progrès déjà réalisés afin de combler les lacunes dans les connaissances, en s'attaquant aux disparités qui subsistent dans les soins cardiovasculaires prodigués aux femmes, dans le but d'améliorer les résultats de santé des femmes au Canada.

14.
CJC Open ; 5(4): 315-324, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37124964

RESUMO

Background: Cannabis use may adversely affect cardiovascular health. Patterns of use by cardiac patients are unknown. We evaluated the prevalence, perceptions, and patterns of cannabis use among cardiac inpatients. Methods: A consecutive cross-section of cardiac inpatients, hospitalized between November 2019 and May 2020, were surveyed in-person or via telephone. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine the characteristics of cannabis use. Results: The prevalence of past-12-month cannabis use was 13.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.8%-16.0%). Characteristics independently associated with cannabis use were as follows: age < 64 years (< 44 years, odds ratio [OR] = 3.96 [95% CI: 1.65-9.53]; age 45-64 years, OR = 2.72 [95% CI: 1.65-4.47]); tobacco use in the previous 6 months (OR = 1.91 [95% CI: 1.18-3.07]); having a cannabis smoker in one's primary social group (OR = 4.17 [95% CI: 2.73-6.38]); and a history of a mental health diagnosis (OR = 1.82 [95% CI: 1.19-2.79]). Among those using cannabis, 70.5% reported smoking or vaping it; 47.2% reported daily use. Most did not know the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 71.6%) or cannabidiol (CBD; 83.3%) content of their cannabis, or the dose of cannabis in their edibles (66.7%). As defined by Canada's Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines, 96.7% of cannabis users reported ≥ 1 higher-risk use behaviour (mean = 2.3, standard deviation = 1.2). Over 60% of patients expressed no intention to quit or reduce cannabis use in the next 6 months. Conclusions: Cannabis use appears prevalent among cardiac patients. Most users demonstrated higher-risk use behaviours and low intentions to quit. Further work is needed to understand the impacts of cannabis use on the cardiovascular system and to develop guidelines and educational tools relating to lower-risk use, for cardiac patients and providers.


Contexte: L'utilisation du cannabis peut nuire à la santé cardiovasculaire, mais les habitudes d'utilisation des patients atteints de troubles cardiaques ne sont pas connues. Nous avons évalué la prévalence, les perceptions et les habitudes d'utilisation du cannabis chez des patients hospitalisés présentant des troubles cardiaques. Méthodologie: Une analyse transversale a été réalisée en interrogeant en personne ou au téléphone des patients hospitalisés consécutivement entre novembre 2019 et mai 2020 et présentant des troubles cardiaques. Des statistiques descriptives et une régression logistique ont été utilisées pour examiner les caractéristiques liées à l'utilisation du cannabis. Résultats: La prévalence de l'utilisation du cannabis au cours des 12 mois précédents était de 13,8 % (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 11,8 % à 16,0 %). Les caractéristiques indépendamment associées à l'utilisation du cannabis étaient les suivantes : âge < 64 ans (< 44 ans, rapport de cotes [RC] = 3,96 [IC à 95 % : 1,65 à 9,53]; âge de 45 à 64 ans, RC = 2,72 [IC à 95 % : 1,65 à 4,47]); tabagisme dans les six mois précédents (RC = 1,91 [IC à 95 % : 1,18 à 3,07]); présence d'un consommateur de cannabis au sein du cercle social principal (RC = 4,17 [IC à 95 % : 2,73 à 6,38]); et diagnostic antérieur lié à la santé mentale (RC = 1,82 [IC à 95 % : 1,19 à 2,79]). Parmi les utilisateurs de cannabis, 70,5 % d'entre eux ont rapporté qu'ils fumaient ou vapotaient et 47,2 % ont déclaré en consommer quotidiennement. La plupart ne connaissaient pas le contenu en tétrahydrocannabinol (THC; 71,6 %) ou en cannabidiol (CBD; 83,3 %) du cannabis consommé, ou la dose contenue dans les aliments à base de cannabis consommés (66,7 %). Au total, 96,7 % des utilisateurs de cannabis ont rapporté ≥ 1 comportement(s) à risque élevé (moyenne = 2,3, écart-type = 1,2) selon les Recommandations canadiennes pour l'usage du cannabis à moindre risque. Par ailleurs, plus de 60 % des patients n'ont exprimé aucune intention d'interrompre ou de diminuer leur consommation de cannabis au cours des six prochains mois. Conclusions: L'utilisation du cannabis semble courante chez les patients qui présentent des troubles cardiaques. La plupart des utilisateurs ont démontré des comportements à risque élevé, et une faible intention de mettre fin à leur consommation. D'autres études sont requises pour caractériser les répercussions de l'utilisation du cannabis sur l'appareil cardiovasculaire et élaborer des lignes directrices et des outils éducatifs à l'intention des patients atteints de troubles cardiaques et des professionnels de la santé en vue de favoriser un usage à moindre risque.

15.
CJC Open ; 4(3): 243-262, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35386135

RESUMO

This Atlas chapter summarizes sex- and some gender-associated, and unique aspects and manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. CVD is the primary cause of premature death in women in Canada and numerous sex-specific differences related to symptoms and pathophysiology exist. A review of the literature was done to identify sex-specific differences in symptoms, pathophysiology, and unique manifestations of CVD in women. Although women with ischemic heart disease might present with chest pain, the description of symptoms, delay between symptom onset and seeking medical attention, and prodromal symptoms are often different in women, compared with men. Nonatherosclerotic causes of angina and myocardial infarction, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection are predominantly identified in women. Obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysmal disease, and peripheral artery disease have worse outcomes in women compared with men. Sex differences exist in valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is more often diagnosed in women, who experience better survival after a heart failure diagnosis. Stroke might occur across the lifespan in women, who are at higher risk of stroke-related disability and age-specific mortality. Sex- and gender-unique differences exist in symptoms and pathophysiology of CVD in women. These differences must be considered when evaluating CVD manifestations, because they affect management and prognosis of cardiovascular conditions in women.


Dans le présent chapitre d'Atlas sont récapitulés les aspects et les manifestations uniques, associés au sexe et certains associés au genre, des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) chez les femmes. Les MCV sont la cause principale de décès prématurés chez les femmes au Canada. De nombreuses différences quant aux symptômes et à la physiopathologie existent entre les sexes. Nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature pour déterminer les différences entre les sexes dans les symptômes et la physiopathologie, et les manifestations uniques des MCV chez les femmes. Bien que les femmes atteintes d'une cardiopathie ischémique puissent éprouver des douleurs thoraciques, la description des symptômes, le délai entre l'apparition des symptômes et l'obtention de soins médicaux, et les symptômes prodromiques sont souvent différents de ceux des hommes. Les causes de l'angine et de l'infarctus du myocarde non liées à l'athérosclérose telles que la dissection spontanée de l'artère coronaire sont principalement observées chez les femmes. La coronaropathie obstructive et non obstructive, l'anévrisme aortique et la maladie artérielle périphérique montrent de plus mauvaises issues chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Des différences entre les sexes sont observées dans la cardiopathie valvulaire et les cardiomyopathies. Le diagnostic d'insuffisance cardiaque avec fraction d'éjection préservée est plus souvent posé chez les femmes qui présentent un meilleur taux de survie après un diagnostic d'insuffisance cardiaque. L'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) pourrait survenir tout au long de la vie des femmes, qui sont exposées à un risque plus élevé d'incapacités liées à l'AVC et de mortalité par âge. Il existe des différences uniques entre les sexes et les genres pour ce qui est des symptômes et de la physiopathologie des MCV chez les femmes. Lors de l'évaluation des manifestations des MCV, il faut tenir compte de ces différences puisqu'elles influencent la prise en charge et le pronostic des maladies cardiovasculaires chez les femmes.

16.
BMJ Open ; 12(10): e067812, 2022 10 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36198466

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The leading cause of death for women is cardiovascular disease (CVD), including ischaemic heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Previous literature suggests peer support interventions improve self-reported recovery, hope and empowerment in other patient populations, but the evidence for peer support interventions in women with CVD is unknown. The aim of this study is to describe peer support interventions for women with CVD using an evidence map. Specific objectives are to: (1) provide an overview of peer support interventions used in women with ischaemic heart disease, stroke and heart failure, (2) identify gaps in primary studies where new or better studies are needed and (3) describe knowledge gaps where complete systematic reviews are required. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We are building on previous experience and expertise in knowledge synthesis using methods described by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) and the Coordinating Centre at the Institute of Education. Seven databases will be searched from inception: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. We will also conduct grey literature searches for registered clinical trials, dissertations and theses, and conference abstracts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be kept broad, and studies will be included if they discuss a peer support intervention and include women, independent of the research design. No date or language limits will be applied to the searches. Qualitative findings will be summarised narratively, and quantitative analyses will be performed using R. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The University of Toronto's Research Ethics Board granted approval on 28 April 2022 (Protocol #42608). Bubble plots (ie, weighted scatter plots), geographical heat/choropleth maps and infographics will be used to illustrate peer support intervention elements by category of CVD. Knowledge dissemination will include publication, presentation/public forums and social media.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Isquemia Miocárdica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
17.
CJC Open ; 4(7): 589-608, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35865023

RESUMO

This chapter summarizes the sex- and gender-specific diagnosis and treatment of acute/unstable presentations and nacute/stable presentations of cardiovascular disease in women. Guidelines, scientific statements, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and primary research studies related to diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), valvular heart disease, and heart failure in women were reviewed. The evidence is summarized as a narrative, and when available, sex- and gender-specific practice and research recommendations are provided. Acute coronary syndrome presentations and emergency department delays are different in women than they are in men. Coronary angiography remains the gold-standard test for diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease. Other diagnostic imaging modalities for ischemic heart disease detection (eg, positron emission tomography, echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, coronary computed tomography angiography) have been shown to be useful in women, with their selection dependent upon both the goal of the individualized assessment and the testing resources available. Noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography are used to diagnose stroke in women. Although sex-specific differences appear to exist in the efficacy of standard treatments for diverse presentations of acute coronary syndrome, many cardiovascular drugs and interventions tested in clinical trials were not powered to detect sex-specific differences, and knowledge gaps remain. Similarly, although knowledge is evolving about sex-specific difference in the management of valvular heart disease, and heart failure with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction, current guidelines are lacking in sex-specific recommendations, and more research is needed.


Ce chapitre présente un résumé sur le diagnostic et le traitement des tableaux cliniques aigus/instables et non aigus/stables des maladies cardiovasculaires chez les femmes, et les différences propres à chacun des deux sexes. Les lignes directrices, les énoncés scientifiques, les revues systématiques/méta-analyses et les études de recherche originale sur le diagnostic et le traitement des coronaropathies, des maladies vasculaires cérébrales (AVC), des valvulopathies cardiaques et de l'insuffisance cardiaque chez les femmes ont été examinés. Les données probantes sont résumées sous forme narrative et, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des recommandations en matière de pratique et de recherche pour chacun des deux sexes sont présentées. Les tableaux cliniques du syndrome coronarien aigu et les délais d'attente à l'urgence sont différents selon qu'une femme ou un homme en est atteint. L'angiographie coronarienne reste l'examen de référence pour le diagnostic des coronaropathies obstructives. D'autres examens d'imagerie diagnostique (p. ex. la tomographie par émission de positons, l'échocardiographie, la tomographie d'émission à photon unique, la résonance magnétique cardiovasculaire, l'angiographie coronarienne par tomodensitométrie) se sont avérés utiles pour la détection des cardiopathies ischémiques chez les femmes. Le recours à ces modalités dépend de l'objectif de l'évaluation personnalisée et des ressources disponibles. La tomodensitométrie sans agent de contraste et l'angiographie par tomodensitométrie sont utilisées pour le diagnostic des AVC chez les femmes. Malgré les différences entre les sexes quant à l'efficacité des traitements de référence des divers tableaux cliniques du syndrome coronarien aigu, bon nombre des médicaments et des interventions cardiovasculaires qui ont fait l'objet d'essais cliniques n'avaient pas la puissance statistique nécessaire pour détecter des différences selon les sexes, de sorte que les connaissances restent fragmentaires sur ce sujet. De même, malgré l'évolution des connaissances sur les différences sexuelles quant à la prise en charge des valvulopathies cardiaques et de l'insuffisance cardiaque avec fraction d'éjection réduite ou préservée, on ne trouve pas de recommandations pour chaque sexe dans les lignes directrices actuelles, d'où la pertinence d'études supplémentaires portant sur cette question.

18.
CJC Open ; 4(2): 115-132, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35198930

RESUMO

Women have unique sex- and gender-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can present or evolve over their lifespan. Pregnancy-associated conditions, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and menopause can increase a woman's risk of CVD. Women are at greater risk for autoimmune rheumatic disorders, which play a role in the predisposition and pathogenesis of CVD. The influence of traditional CVD risk factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, depression, anxiety, and family history) is greater in women than men. Finally, there are sex differences in the response to treatments for CVD risk and comorbid disease processes. In this Atlas chapter we review sex- and gender-unique CVD risk factors that can occur across a woman's lifespan, with the aim to reduce knowledge gaps and guide the development of optimal strategies for awareness and treatment.


Les femmes présentent des facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) uniques, liés au sexe et au genre, qui peuvent se manifester ou évoluer tout au long de leur vie. Les troubles médicaux associés à la grossesse, le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques et la ménopause peuvent augmenter le risque de MCV chez une femme. Les femmes sont plus exposées aux troubles rhumatologiques auto-immuns, qui jouent un rôle dans la prédisposition et dans la pathogenèse des MCV. L'influence des facteurs de risque traditionnels pour les MCV (par exemple, le tabagisme, l'hypertension, le diabète, l'obésité, la sédentarité, la dépression, l'anxiété et les antécédents familiaux) est plus importante chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Enfin, il existe des différences entre les sexes dans la réponse aux traitements du risque de MCV et des processus pathologiques comorbides. Dans ce chapitre de l'Atlas, nous passons en revue les facteurs de risque de MCV propres au sexe et au genre qui peuvent survenir tout au long de la vie d'une femme, dans le but de réduire les lacunes dans les connaissances et d'orienter l'élaboration de stratégies optimales de sensibilisation et de traitement.

20.
CJC Open ; 3(12 Suppl): S187-S191, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34993448

RESUMO

Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the leading cause of death of women globally, research on CVD over the past several decades has focused primarily on men. CVD research has led to progress in diagnosis and treatment, medical education, and public awareness; however, few of these advances have applied specifically to women's cardiovascular health. There is a paucity of sex- and gender-specific educational material regarding CVD in clinical training programs for physicians. The irregularity in integrated curricula across medical schools in Canada may be a factor in persistent disparities in clinical care and outcomes experienced by women, compared with men. In response to this gap, the Training and Education Working Group of the Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance undertook the planning, development, and dissemination of a Canadian Women's Heart Health Education Course. The development of the course was guided by a 6-step approach for curriculum development for medical education, which included conducting a needs assessment, determining and prioritizing content, setting goals and objectives, selecting educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation.


Bien que les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) soient la principale cause de décès chez les femmes dans le monde, la recherche sur les MCV au cours des dernières décennies a été centrée principalement sur les hommes. La recherche sur les MCV a permis de faire des progrès en matière de diagnostic et de traitement, de formation médicale et de sensibilisation du public; toutefois, peu de ces progrès touchaient spécifiquement la santé cardiovasculaire des femmes. Les programmes de formation clinique des médecins ne comportent que peu de matériel éducatif sur les MCV propre à chaque sexe et à chaque genre. Il est possible que l'irrégularité des programmes de formation intégrés des écoles de médecine au Canada contribue aux disparités persistantes dans les soins prodigués aux femmes et les résultats cliniques obtenus chez celles-ci, comparativement aux hommes. Pour combler cette lacune, le Groupe de travail sur la formation et l'éducation de l'Alliance canadienne de santé cardiaque pour les femmes a entrepris la planification, la préparation et la diffusion de l'Initiative nationale de sensibilisation à la santé cardiaque des femmes. La conception de l'Initiative a été guidée par une approche en six volets axée sur l'élaboration d'un programme de formation médicale, qui comprenait une évaluation des besoins, la détermination et la hiérarchisation du contenu, la formulation des buts et des objectifs, la sélection des stratégies de formation, ainsi que la mise en œuvre et les modalités d'évaluation.

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