Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated in the gastrointestinal tissue of patients with combination ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy-related colitis in a pathology distinct from ulcerative colitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of combination ipilimumab and nivolumab-associated colitis (IN-COL) by measuring gut-derived and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (GMNC; PBMC) profiles. We studied GMNC and PBMC from patients with IN-COL, IN-treated with no adverse-events (IN-NAE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. In the gastrointestinal-derived cells we found high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in IN-COL, changes that were not evident in IN-NAE or UC. UC, but not IN-C, was associated with a high proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg ). We sought to determine if local tissue responses could be measured in peripheral blood. Peripherally, checkpoint inhibition instigated a rise in activated memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regardless of colitis. Low circulating MAIT cells at baseline was associated with IN-COL patients compared with IN-NAE in one of two cohorts. UC, but not IN-COL, was associated with high levels of circulating plasmablasts. In summary, the alterations in T cell subsets measured in IN-COL-affected tissue, characterized by high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and MAIT cells and a low proportion of Treg , reflected a pathology distinct from UC. These tissue changes differed from the periphery, where T cell activation was a widespread on-treatment effect, and circulating MAIT cell count was low but not reliably predictive of colitis.

Sonographically Detected Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults and Associated Factors.

This hospital-based study was done to see the prevalence of sonologically detected non alcoholic fatty liver disease and associated factors in the apparently healthy adults. Apparently healthy and non alcoholic companions of the patients visiting the Centre of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Sylhet were subjected to abdominal ultrasonography to see the presence of fatty liver. Demographic features and other relevant data were collected in a semi structured questionnaire to find out the associated factors for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Total 1019 persons with mean age of 37.23 years were included in the study. Among them 703 (69%) were female and 316 (31%) were male. Out of them 189 (18.5%) persons had sonologically detectable nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. NAFLD was more prevalent in male than female (25.6% vs. 15.4%, p=0.000). In univariate analysis NAFLD were more in male (25.6%) 41-50 years age group (29.3%, p=0.000), over weight (32.3%)/obese subjects (51.4%), businessmen (24.0%), service holders (28.7%), high income group, diabetics (27.0% vs. 18.0%, p=0.000) and hypertensive subjects (43.3% vs. 15.24%, p=0.000). In multivariate analysis, BMI over 23kg/m² (OR 6.683, p=0.000), age >30 years (OR 1.787, p=0.006) and higher income (OR 1.788, 95% CI 0.970-3.293) were independent factors associated with NAFLD. Sonologically detected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (18.5%) is common in our apparently healthy adults. BMI over 23kg/m² was the most important predictor for NAFLD.

Response & Side Effects of Injectable Labetalol in Pregnancy Induced Severe Hypertension.

The study was performed to assess the response & side effects of injectable Labetalol in the treatment of pregnancy induced severe hypertension. This interventional study was carried out on 72 patients having pregnancy induced severe hypertension attended in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from November 2009 to October 2010. All patients were treated with intravenous Labetalol 20mg & the dose was repeated at sequential escalating dosages every 15 minutes until a therapeutic goal of systolic blood pressure <160mm of Hg & diastolic blood pressure <105mm of Hg were achieved. Among 72 respondents highest number were observed having systolic blood pressure 160-169 and 180 & above mm of Hg. The mean systolic & the diastolic blood pressure at the initiation of the study were observed 198±13.17mm of Hg & 119±8.6mm of Hg respectively. After use of injection Labetalol mean systolic blood pressure were 138.61±15.43mm of Hg, which is statistically significant (p value <0.001) & mean diastolic blood pressure were 96.18±9.7mm of Hg, which is also statistically significant (p value <0.001). It was observed that majority patients' blood pressure was controlled by 1-2 doses. It was noticed that injection Labetalol controls blood pressure in 80% antenatal cases & 86% postnatal cases. Out of 72 patients 4 cases (5.5%) experienced nausea & vomiting and only 1 case (1.1%) experienced headache. Regarding fetal outcome 48% patients delivered healthy baby, about 31% patients delivered asphyxiated baby & neonatal death were noticed in 4% cases. This study assessing the response & side effects of intravenous antihypertensive drug in the treatment of pregnancy induced severe hypertension shows that Labetalol fulfils the criteria of an antihypertensive drug for this purpose.

Role of Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone and Prolactin Levels in Azoospermic Male Partner of Subfertile Couple.

This cross sectional study was carried out in the Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2011 and June 2013. Eighty one (81) consecutive azoospermic male partner of married couple, aged 20-50 years with at least two years of subfertility and no known endocrinopathy and ejaculatory dysfunction were included in this study to find out their abnormal hormonal pattern. None of them had received any form of treatment within the last 3 months prior to hormonal evaluation. Men with hypertension, recent fever, chemo or radiation exposure were excluded from the study. Eight weeks interval two semen analyses were done in the Andrology Laboratory of above department following standard WHO guideline, 2004. Using standard ELISA technique, serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin were measured/assayed/estimated. The results of this study demonstrated that 40 (49.4%) men had normal endocrine pattern against 51 (50.6%) with endocrinopathy. The former may be related to obstructive azoospermia, which needs further analyses. Both the increased FSH (>11.1mIU/ml) and LH (>7.6mIU/ml) were observed in 25 (30.9%) men, only elevated FSH (>11.1mIU/ml) in 9(11.1%), and only elevated LH (>7.6mIU/ml) in 7(8.6%). Low testosterone level (<270ng/dl) was observed in 11(13.6%), low TSH (<0.4µIU/ml) in 1(1.2%) and low prolactin (<2.5ng/dl) in 5(6.2%).

Estimation of Thyroid Hormone in Early Pregnancy and it's Clinical Correlation.

This descriptive cross sectional study was done for the estimation of thyroid hormone in early pregnancy and it's clinical correlation. It was conducted at the Antenatal Clinic of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from December 2010 to November 2011. Total 185 cases in early pregnancy were taken purposively and randomly. Among the pregnant women, age ranged from 18-42 years with the Mean±SD age 25.77±4.96 years, the gestational weeks ranged 6±1 to 13±1weeks having Mean±SD 9.06± 2.49 weeks. The gravida ranged from primi to 8th gravida Mean±SD 1.89±1.10. Haemoglobin level ranged from 9.0 to 13.2gm/dl; Mean±SD 10.90±0.99gm/dl. Mean±SD of serum FT4 was 17.77±7.25 and Mean±SD of TSH was 3.95±2.94mIU/L. In present study, 5.40% (n=10) of the respondents had hypothyroidism and 0.54% (n=1) showed hyperthyroidism. The present study showed that, the incidence of hypothyroidism had relatively increased then the reference ranges but not statistically significant. But hyperthyroidism was within the reference range. This study showed slightly higher percentage of hypothyroidism in both ≤30 (4.52%) and ≥30 (10%) years of age groups especially a bit higher percentage in the elderly group. In present study, hypothyroidism was common among women of lower income group. Present study showed a higher percentage of stillbirth &miscarriage among study population. This study showed a relatively higher prevalence of abnormal thyroid function (especially hypothyroidism) in the study population and suggests the routine screening of thyroid hormone in early pregnancy in addition to routine antenatal care.

Huge Perineal Tumour: A Rare Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour of Rectum.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a relatively rare neoplasm of gastrointestinal tract of which Rectal GIST is uncommon. It produces symptoms of per rectal bleeding or change in bowel habit. Recurrences following curative resection are predominantly intraabdominal, hepatic metastasis occurring at a median 20-25 months following the primary surgery. A 42 years old male presented a huge mass in hypogastrium, the size of which was reduced ofter neoadjuvant therapy for period of 1.5 years. He underwent abdominoperineal resection. He developed recurrences in perineum three times and in thigh at short intervals after primary resection. He also developed liver metastasis. He died two and half years after primary diagnosis. Rectal GIST should be included in differential diagnosis of intraabdominal mass and preoperative diagnosis based on histopathological as well as the immunohistochemical feature of the CD(117) and CD(34). Although complete surgical resection with negative tumour margin is the principal curative procedure for primary and non metastatic tumours, further studies are still needed for the determination of the most effective treatment strategy for patients of rectal GIST.

Placental changes in pregnancy induced hypertension and its impacts on fetal outcome.

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in the Gynae and Obstetrics & Pathology department of Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital (MMCH) to see the placental changes in normal & pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and its impacts on fetus for one year period. Total 80 placentas were collected, 40 from normal pregnant mothers having no hypertension and 40 from PIH group (one from gestational hypertension, 17 from pre-eclampsia and 22 from eclampsia. Macroscopic study of the placenta revealed placental weight, surface area and number of cotyledons were less in study group. Mean placental weight in study group was 419.50gm and in control group was 477.50 (p<0.001). Mean surface area in study group & control group were 232.29cm² and 304.80cm² respectively (p<0.001). Mean number of cotyledons were 15.39 and 17.40 in study & control group respectively (P<0.001) and lower diameter of umbilical cord (p<0.04667). But in the present study placental thickness was not significant (p<0.539). There was a single umbilical artery present in one patient in PIH group .In PIH group syncytial knots (95%), fibrinoid necrosis (80%), VSM (vasculosyncytial membrane) formation, sclerosis, chorangiosis and calcification were more marked. Infarction was present in placenta of PIH 34(85%) and in control group 8(20%). There was a tendency of lowering the weight of neonate 2.47kg in study group and 3.06kg in control group (p<0.001), number of asphyxiated babies and perinatal morbidity and mortality( still birth was 7.5 and neonatal death was 15%) were more marked in PIH group. In PIH group placental changes were related with fetal outcome. Common placental changes were significant in this study.

Study on Neurological Manifestations of Eclampsia & Findings of CT scan of Brain.

This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2011 to December 2012 to evaluate neurological manifestations in eclampsia by CT scan of brain. A total 35 patients with eclampsia were studied, who underwent CT scan of brain in Radiology & Imaging Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. The study patients were divided into two groups, those who had changes in brain on CT scan (Group A) & those who had no changes in brain on CT scan (Group B). Finally the study variables were compared between these two groups. Each selected patient fulfilling the criteria was sent to the department of Radiology & Imaging for CT scanning of brain. In antepartum cases of eclampsia CT scan of brain were done after delivery/ termination of pregnancy. In all cases, CT scan of brain was done within 72 hours of admission. Out of 35 patients total 85.72% had changes in brain on CT scan & 14.28% had no changes in brain on CT scan. Among them 45.72% patients had cerebral oedema, 37.14% had cerebral infarct & 2.86% patients had intracerebral haemorrhage. Comparison of neurological parameters were done & showed that there were statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding headache, visual disturbance, hypereflexia & depression of consciousness. There was no statistically significant difference regarding aphasia & hemiplegia between the two groups. So the CT scan of brain has been useful in demonstrating the lesion of brain in patients with eclampsia & also helpful to evaluate the neurological manifestations in eclampsia.

Pregnancy outcome following myomectomy.

In developing countries, abdominal myomectomy is still a modality of treatment for large and symptomatic uterine fibroid in women who wish to retain their fertility and preserve uterus. In order to assess the outcome of pregnancies after myomectomy, a prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 1999 and June 2011. Study included 40 married women of reproductive age, suffering either from primary or secondary subfertility, and who had uterine fibroid and strongly wished to conceive shortly after myomectomy using microsurgical procedure with no existence of other male and female subfertility factor. These women were followed up at 3, 6, 12 and 24 month intervals over telephone and outdoor visits. Data were recorded on preformed questionnaires. Post myomectomy hysterosalpingography was done at about 16 weeks after myomectomy. Patients were advised to try for pregnancy after 16 weeks of operation. Maximum number of women belonged to age group 31-35 years (n=14, 35%); primary subfertility was 67.5% and secondary 32.5%; in maximum number of cases duration of subfertility was 2-5 years (n=22, 55%); type of fibroid were solitary (52.5%) and multiple (47.5%); type of myoma were intramural (75%), submucous (2.5%) and combined (22.5%); location of myoma were fundal (5%), anterior wall (25%), posterior wall (20%) and combined (50%); diameter of removed myoma were <5cm (2.5%), 5-8cm (67.5%), >8-10(20%) and >10cm (10%); uterine size before myomectomy were (in weeks) <12(22.5%), 12-14 (27.5%), 15-20 (32.5%), 21-25 (15%) and >25 (2.5%). Hysterosalpingography was done in 16(40%) cases, and the findings were both tube patent (62.5%), unilateral tubal block (31.2%) and bilateral tubal block (6.2%). Menorrhagia after myomectomy was present only in 5% cases. After uterine myomectomy, 14(35%) women conceived, common time interval between myomectomy and conception was 1-2 years (42.9%), conception was spontaneous in 71.4%. Out of 14 who conceived after myomectomy 12(85.7%) delivered live babies by LUCS, and most of the babies weighed >3kg (58.3%).

Role of D-dimer in determining coagulability status in pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.

A cross sectional study was carried out from January 2007 to December 2008 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka in collaboration with Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia attending at Out-patient Department (OPD) and admitted in In-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka were selected as cases. Healthy and uncomplicated pregnant women admitted in the same hospital were taken as controls. The study showed that 26-30 years and 21-25 years age category was higher in the case and control groups and the mean age was significantly higher in case group compared to control group (p=0.025). The study showed that 44% of case group had a significantly high level of plasma D-dimer (>0.5µg/ml) as opposed to control group (8%) (p<0.001). Estimation of odds ratio demonstrates that pre-eclamptic women (case) had 9 times (95% of CI = 2.8 - 28.9) more risk of having plasma D-dimer >0.5µg/ml than that of normal pregnant women (control). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with plasma D-dimer >0.5µg/ml were considerably higher than those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5µg/ml (p<0.001). The study showed that majority (81.8%) of pre-eclamptic women with plasma D-dimer >0.5µg/ml had systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg compared to 46.4% of those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5µg/ml (p=0.010). And ninety percent of pre-eclamptic women with plasma D-dimer >0.5µg/ml had exhibited severe proteinuria as opposed to 53.6% of those who had plasma D-dimer ≤0.5µg/ml (p=0.017). The study concludes that plasma D-dimer level can easily be used in screening for the hypercoagulable state in pre-eclamptic patients which have preventive and therapeutic implications.

A 7 years old girl with abdominal lump and per-vaginal bleeding of hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from decreased secretion of thyroid hormone. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is suggested from the clinical and laboratory findings. Here we present a case report on this disease with rare presentation of abdominal lump and pervaginal bleeding in childhood. A 7 years old girl admitted in a tertiary level hospital with abdominal lump and irregular per vaginal bleeding. Abdominal swelling was gradually increasing in size & associated with lower abdominal pain for last 5 months. On examination the girl was moderately anaemic, mildly oedematous, distended lower abdomen and a mass in left iliac region. Her thyroid function test, serum FSH, serum LH, serum Prolactin was done and high FSH, LH, Prolactin levels were found. Ultrasonography of lower abdomen revealed bulky uterus and bilateral ovarian cysts. MRI of Brain showed feature of pituitary microadenoma. Finally the patient was diagnosed as primary hypothyroidism and bilateral follicular ovarian cyst with pituitary adenoma developed as its consequence. The case is reported for clinical awareness & to share our experience.

Malignant paraganglioma: a case report.

A paraganglioma is a rare tumour composed of chromaffin cells. The malignant paraganglioma is a very rare presentation, diagnosed by local recurrence after total resection of primary mass or findings of distant metastasis. Recurrent paraganglioma developed in a 60 years old lady 10 years after first surgical resection. This time the patient presented with neck swelling as well as with vertebral metastases. The patient underwent radiotherapy and symptomatic improvement was there. We present the case to emphasize the role of imaging in early diagnosis, avoidance of complications of advanced disease and to make awareness among the physicians.

Effect of Meconium Staining Amniotic Fluid on Fetal Outcome.

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is the passage of meconium by a fetus in utero during the antenatal period or in labour. It has for long been considered to be a bad predictor of fetal distress and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). The objective of this study was to find out the fetal outcome of MSAF and clear amniotic fluid. This cross- sectional comparative study was carried out in Upazilla Health Complex, Palash, Narshingdi from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 100 pregnant women among them 50 women with MSAF and 50 women with clear liquor were studied to see the record of ANC, mode of delivery and fetal outcome by APGAR score. Study showed that among MSAF group 76.0% (n=38) had irregular ANC and 24.0% (n=12) had regular ANC whereas in clear liquor 86.0% (n=43) had regular ANC 14.0% had irregular ANC. Among MSAF (50 cases) thick meconium was in 20 cases (40.0%) and thin meconium was in 30 cases (60.0%). Regarding mode of delivery 52.0% (n=26) MSAF cases had instrumental delivery and Caesarean section compared to 24.0% (n=12) in clear liquor group. Regarding thick MSAF among 40.0% (n=20), (n=14) had low APGAR score and (n=6) had normal score at one minute and (n=9) low APGAR score and (n=11) normal score at five minutes. In clear liquor, among 100.0% (n=50), 20.0% (n=10) had low APGAR score and 80.0% (n=40) had normal score at one-minute and at five minutes 8.0% (n=4) had low APGAR score and 92.0% (n=46) had normal score. Among MSAF 26.0% (n=13) were admitted to SCBU compare to 12.0% (n=6) in clear liquor group. The mean SCBU stay was 3.1 days in MSAF whereas 1.2 days in clear liquor. Among MSAF babies 4.0% (n=2) had MAS compared to no MAS in clear liquor group. Regarding Survivalist 92.0% (n=46) were alive in MSAF whereas 100.0% all (n=50) were alive in clear liquor group.

Association of Maternal Serum Homocysteine level with Maternal Birth Weight.

A baby's weight at birth is an important predictor of infant growth and survival. Low birth weight leads to an impaired growth of the infant and its attendant risks of a higher mortality and morbidity. Various studies found higher maternal plasma homocysteine level was associated with lower offspring birth weight. Therefore, this study was carried out to find out association between maternal serum homocysteine and birth weight. A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BSMMU from September 2018 to August 2019. Pregnant women at their third trimester between 37-40 weeks admitted to in patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BSMMU were included in this study. Ethical committee clearance was obtained from the institution. After matching eligibility criteria informed written consent were taken from the patients. Data was collected from the patients using the structured design by interview, observation, clinical examination and haematological investigations. The serum homocysteine level of these patients and birth weight of their babies was measured immediately after delivery. Negative correlation was found between maternal serum homocysteine level and neonatal birth weight, (r = -0.419, p<0.05). During regression analysis maternal homocysteine and gestational age was found significant when adjusted with maternal age, parity, maternal BMI and sex of the baby. So, increased maternal serum homocysteine is negatively associated with low birth weight babies.

Labor outcome of primigravidae in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital.

This cross sectional study was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynae, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, during the period 1st January to 30th June 2000 to evaluate the labor outcome in primigrvidae women. Total 1250 cases were delivered in this period. Among all 500(40%) were primigravidae. All the primigravidae were included and labor was monitored and managed by close observation. Condition of the baby was determined by applying APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration) score. Maximum (66.6%) of patients were belonged to 21-29 years age group. Only few 28.2% had regular antenatal check-up. Risk factors were present in 32% cases. Common risk factors were PET (Pre-eclamptic toxemia) and eclampsia. Mode of deliveries were normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in (51.6%) cases, Lower Uterine Caesarean section (LUCS) in 43.8% cases, Ventouse in 2.8% cases, Forceps in 9(1.8%) cases and craniotomy was required in 2(0.4%) cases. Complications during labor were prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage, obstructed labor and perineal tear. PET was common (29.62%) in age group 30-36 years and eclampsia was more common (15%) in age group 16-20 years. NVD were more (55.85%) in 21-29 years group than other age group. The duration of labor pain was short in the age group of 21-29 years and was prolonged in the age group 30-36 years. Maternal mortality was 1.6% (8) cases. Causes of death were septic shock, renal failure and Cerebrovascullar accident. Morbidities after delivery were hypertension, wound infection, puerperal psychosis, acute renal failure, vesicovaginal fistula, hypertensive retinopathy, chronic ill health and retention of urine. Among 500 cases 92.6% were live born and 7.4% were still born. Among total cases 81.6% babies were healthy, 6.8% were asphyxiated, 71.2% had normal birth weight 21.4% had low birth weight, 18% were premature and 7.4% were IUGR. This study shows the safest and easiest delivery age group of primigravidae is between 21-29 years. Maternal mortality and early neonatal death are still holding high rate.

Placental changes in pregnancy induced hypertension.

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Gynae and Obstetrics & Pathology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) to see the placental changes in normal pregnant & pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) mother. Total 80 placentas were collected, 40 from normal pregnant mothers having no hypertension and 40 from PIH group (one from gestational hypertension, 17 from pre-eclampsia and 22 from eclamptic mother). Macroscopic study of the placenta revealed placental weight, surface area and number of cotyledons were less in study group. Mean placental weight in study group was 419.50gm and in control group was 477.50gm (p<0.001). Mean surface area in study group & control group were 232.29cm² and 304.80cm² respectively (p<0.001). Mean number of cotyledons were 15.39 and 17.40 in study & control group respectively (p<0.001) and lower diameter of umbilical cord p<0.04667. But in the present study placental thickness was not significant p<0.539. In PIH group, macroscopic infractions were more marked. There was a single umbilical artery present in one patient in PIH group. In PIH group syncytial knots (95%), fibrinoid necrosis (80%), VSM formation, sclerosis, chorangiosis and calcification were more marked. Infarction was present in placenta of PIH 34(85%) and in control group 8(20%). Common placental changes were significant in this study. So, early intervention in PIH is rational to get the good perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Comparison of Serum Phosphorus Level among Women with Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a physiological state. During pregnancy increased physiological changes may lead to many biochemical and anatomical alterations. The biochemical changes that seen in blood of the pregnant mother are exaggerated in various complications of pregnancy like preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a dangerous complication that may leads to maternal and neonatal mortality. Globally it affects 3.0-5.0% of pregnant women. The study was done to analyze the changes in serum phosphorus level in pre-eclamsia compared with normal pregnancy. The study was cross sectional and was performed from July 2016 to June 2017 in the department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Total 100 subjects were included in this study. Among them 50 preeclamptic patients were taken as case and another 50 normal pregnant women were taken as control. Statistical difference was calculated by Student's unpaired 't' test. Biochemical values were expressed as mean±SD. The mean±SD of serum phosphorus levels in case and control group were 2.81±0.79 and 3.40±0.87mg/dl respectively. The difference in mean±SD of serum phosphorus were highly significant (p<0.001) when compared between case and control.

Changes in Serum Uric Acid Level in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the dangerous manifestations of coronary artery disease and one of the commonest causes of mortality. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period of January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 120 subjects were included in this study. Among them 60 were diagnosed AMI patients denoted as case group and 60 were apparently normal healthy individuals denoted as control group. Biochemical values were expressed as Mean±SD (Standard deviation). Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (Statistical package for social science) version 21.0 windows package. Serum uric acid determined by enzymatic colorimetric method using the test kit. Among the study groups the mean±SD values of uric acid were 6.61±2.62 and 5.38±1.16mg/dl in case and control group respectively. The analysis showed that, serum uric acid was statistically increased in case group compared with control group. The level of significance was 0.001. Statistical significance of difference between two groups were evaluated by using Student's unpaired 't' test.

Association of Dyslipidemia with Endometriosis: A Case Control Study.

Endometriosis is a chronic multi-factorial disease characterized by the presence of functioning uterine glands and stroma in any site outside the uterus. Despite the major public health impact of this condition, little is known about their etiologies. Some studies focused on the similarities between the common biological mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis and atherosclerotic plaques. So, it is possible to hypothesize that same atherogenic risk factors, such as dyslipidemia may play a role in endometriosis pathogenesis. This case-control study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019 to investigate the lipid profile in patients with endometriosis and to analyze the association of dyslipidemia with endometriosis. A total of 140 participants ranged between 18 and 35 years of age attending BSMMU were enrolled in the study. The study population was divided into case and control group; the case group consisting of patients with endometriosis and control group comprising of healthy women without endometriosis. Fasting lipid profile of all participants was measured in the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of BSMMU, Bangladesh. Doing student's t-test and Chi square test compared results of both groups. Logistic regression analysis was done to see association of dyslipidemia with endometriosis. Women with endometriosis were found to have significantly higher levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and significantly lower level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) compared to the controls (p<0.05). The mean atherogenic index was significantly higher in case group (p<0.05). This study found an association between dyslipidemia and endometriosis.Women with endometriosis have higher atherogenic index compared to women without endometriosis.

Clinical Profiles and Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Positive Renal Transplant Patients in Early Post-Transplant Period.

Cytomegalovirus infection can cause increased mortality and morbidity in renal transplant recipient. The purpose of the present study was to observe the clinical profiles and outcomes of Cytomegalovirus positive renal transplant patients in early post-transplant period. This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2016 to August 2017. Adult patients who had undergone renal transplantation were selected as study population. CMV serology (CMV IgM and CMV IgG) of both donor and recipient were detected before renal transplantation. Cytomegalovirus viral DNA was extracted from both serum by using a commercially available DNA extraction kit and PCR was done by the StepOne™ PCR machine using real time PCR kit in all patient during the early post-transplant period. During this period, sign symptoms of patients with cytomegalovirus infection as well as clinical outcomes were also noted. Total number of 32 patients was included in this study with the mean age of 31.15±11.56 years. Cytomegalovirus was found positive in 11(34.4%) patients and negative in 21(65.6%) patients. Anorexia was the most common presentation which was found in 81.8% cases followed by renal impairment, fever, diarrhea, cough and weight loss which were present in 6(54.5%), 3(27.3%), 2(18.2%), 2(18.2%) and 2(18.2%) cases respectively. The outcomes of cytomegalovirus positive patients in first 6 months after renal transplantation revealed 25.0% patients had cytomegalovirus infection; 6.2% patients had cytomegalovirus disease and 6.2% patients were died. However, 9.4% patients had co-infection in the form of UTI and 6.2% patients had re activation of hepatitis C infection associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus was found positive in approximately one third of renal transplant recipients in early post-transplant period. Careful clinical evaluation and appropriate laboratory parameters should be looked over for timely diagnosis and management of these cases.