Diverse caregivers' HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge.

Objectives: To assess factors associated with HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among caregivers of adolescents from five ethnic community groups in Utah.Design: For this community-based participatory research study, we surveyed N = 228 caregivers of teens aged 11-17 years from African American, African refugee, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Hispanic/Latino, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander community groups in Utah about their HPV vaccine awareness and knowledge.Results: Participants exhibited high awareness of cervical cancer (71.05%), moderate awareness of HPV (53.95%), and low awareness of the HPV vaccine (46.49%). HPV vaccine-related knowledge was mostly worse, with fewer than half the participants reporting knowing that HPV can cause cervical cancer (46.93%), that most people are infected with HPV at some point in their lives (28.95%), that HPV is asymptomatic in females (36.40%) and males (37.28%), that the HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescent females (41.67%) and males (36.40%), and that the HPV vaccine requires more than one dose (27.19%). HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge were significantly associated with race/ethnicity, educational attainment, income, occupation, birthplace, parents' birthplace, English usage, health insurance coverage, type of health insurance, and child having a primary care provider (all p < 0.05). HPV vaccine-related knowledge (p < 0.05) and awareness (p < 0.05) of caregivers were associated with a child in the household receiving the HPV vaccine.Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need to develop educational interventions in collaboration with diverse communities in Utah. We underscore the importance of promoting knowledge about the existence of the HPV vaccine, as well as deeper HPV vaccine-related issues (e.g. HPV risks, treatment, and recommendations).

Diverse Families' Experiences with HPV Vaccine Information Sources: A Community-Based Participatory Approach.

Current sources of publicly available human papillomavirus (HPV) information may not adequately meet the needs of diverse families. This study sought to describe associations between sociodemographic and acculturation factors, and sources of HPV information among diverse parents and caregivers. Community organizations purposively recruited participants from African American, African refugee, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities for a 21-item survey (N = 228). Ninenty-three of these participants also participated in ten focus groups conducted in three languages. Descriptive statistics and Fishers' Exact Test for Count Data were produced and triangulated with focus group data to provide additional context. Overall, HPV vaccine awareness and knowledge in the five communities was low. This study found that a greater proportion of lower-acculturated participants had heard of HPV through personal networks (foreign-born = 50 % vs US-born = 30 %, p < 0.05; medium acculturation = 60 % vs high acculturation = 26 %, p = 0.01), while greater proportions of US-born participants reported media sources (49 % vs foreign-born = 29 %, p < 0.05). Across communities, healthcare system sources were described as important and preferred sources of HPV information. Hearing about the HPV vaccine from healthcare settings was significantly associated with increased accuracy in HPV vaccine knowledge (p < 0.05). Communities described a need for more in-depth information about the HPV vaccine, and culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials. Culturally-competent delivery of HPV information through the healthcare system sources may be important in improving knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among diverse families.

Applying best practices for health disparities work to create a treatment adaptation framework for culturally diverse communities: A mixed-methods approach.

OBJECTIVE: Integrating best practices for health disparities to adapt evidence-based treatments is imperative to adequately meet the needs of diverse cultures, particularly ones that therapists can apply flexibility across multiple diverse communities. METHOD: Using a mixed-methods, community-engaged approach, we examined how a range of community participants (N = 169) defined mental health, perceived barriers to treatment, and used culturally based coping methods to manage their mental health. Phase 1 (n = 49) included qualitative focus group data from five distinct racial/ethnic communities (African immigrants/refugees, Black/African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians). Phase 2 included quantitative surveys from members of four of these communities (n = 59) and the frontline providers serving them (n = 61). RESULTS: The communities and providers highlighted chronic worry and distress related to daily activities as primary treatment concerns. Further, this mixed-methods data informed our proposed best practice treatment adaptation framework using chronic worry as an example. CONCLUSION: The main aims of this study were to exemplify best practices for addressing mental health inequities in communities of color in terms of (a) conducting health disparities research and (b) applying a treatment adaptation framework for culturally responsive clinical care. Specific features of how this framework was conceived and applied provide a unique and critical view into integrating best practices to address health disparities in diverse communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Developing an equitable intervention approach for communities of color: mental health and co-occurring physical health concerns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated disparities in mental health treatment for people of color in the USA. Meeting the needs of those most burdened by this disparity will require swift and tactical action in partnership with these communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe how a community-based participatory research approach was employed to assess the priorities and needs of four communities of color (African immigrant, Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, and Pacific Islander) in a major U.S. city. A brief quantitative survey devised jointly by community leaders and the research team was deployed to community members (N = 59) in the fall of 2020. The most endorsed mental health issues across the communities were excessive worry (51%) and stress regarding COVID-19, racism, and immigration policies (49%). The most endorsed physical health concerns included sleep difficulties (44%), headaches, and backaches (each 39%). Physical symptoms predicted the endorsement of a mental health issue above and beyond COVID-19-related hardships, multiplying the odds of reporting an issue by 1.73 per physical health concern endorsed. Based on these findings, the community-research team conceptualized and proposed an evidence-based, effectiveness-implementation hybrid type-2 intervention approach for chronic worry and daily stress. This paper highlights detail on how the community-research team arrived at the proposed multilevel intervention that addresses community-stated barriers to mental health treatment (e.g., preferring trusted health workers to deliver emotional health treatments) and considers the burden of the additional stressful context of COVID-19.

Diverse community members and university researchers collaborated on the development of an equitable intervention approach for community members' mental health needs.

Persistence of patient and family experiences of critical illness.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate: (1) patient and family experiences with healthcare and the intensive care unit (ICU); (2) experiences during their critical illness; (3) communication and decision making during critical illness; (4) feelings about the ICU experience; (5) impact of the critical illness on their lives; and (6) concerns about their future after the ICU. DESIGN: Four semistructured focus group interviews with former ICU patients and family members. SETTINGS: Multicultural community group and local hospitals containing medical/surgical ICUs. PARTICIPANTS: Patients and family who experienced a critical illness within the previous 10 years. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Four separate focus groups each lasting a maximum of 150 min and consisting of a total of 21 participants were held. Focus groups were conducted using a semistructured script including six topics relating to the experience of critical illness that facilitated deduction and the sorting of data by thematic analysis into five predominant themes. The five main themes that emerged from the data were: (1) personalised stories of the critical illness; (2) communication and shared decision making, (3) adjustment to life after critical illness, (4) trust towards clinical team and relevance of cultural beliefs and (5) end-of-life decision making. Across themes, we observed a misalignment between the medical system and patient and family values and priorities. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of critical illness of a diverse group of patients and families can remain vivid for years after ICU discharge. The identified themes reflect the strength of memory of such pivotal experiences and the importance of a narrative around those experiences. Clinicians need to be aware of the lasting effects of critical illness has on patients and families.

Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Diverse Adolescents in a Region with Low Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates.

Introduction: This study assesses the sociodemographic facilitators and barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for diverse teens in a region with low HPV vaccination rates. Materials and Methods: In this community-based participatory research study, we surveyed adult family members of teens aged 11-17 years from African American, African refugee, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Hispanic/Latino, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander community groups in Salt Lake City, Utah. Bivariate analyses assessed associations between sociodemographic characteristics and, respectively, HPV vaccine receipt and intentions for vaccination. Barriers to vaccination were also investigated. Results: Only 20% of participants had vaccinated at least one of their children with at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. HPV vaccination was significantly related to caregiver age (p=0.035), race/ethnicity (p=0.001), educational attainment (p=0.006), annual household income (p=0.0454), years in the United States (p=0.023), and caregiver parent birthplace (p=0.008). Among caregivers with unvaccinated children, intention to vaccinate was significantly related to race/ethnicity (p=0.048 for daughters; p=0.003 for sons), caregiver parent birthplace (p=0.023 for sons), health insurance coverage (p=0.028 for daughters; p=0.047 for sons), and type of health insurance coverage (p=0.008 for sons). The most frequently cited barriers to HPV vaccination were lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine, costs, side effects, and child not being sexually active. Conclusions: Our results show substantially lower HPV vaccine coverage than both national and state rates, signaling the urgent need for multipronged HPV vaccination interventions within these communities; strategies are discussed.