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1.
J Gene Med ; 26(1): e3583, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37640479

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although defects in sperm morphology and physiology lead to male infertility, in many instances, the exact disruption of molecular pathways in a given patient is often unknown. The glycolytic pathway is an essential process to supply energy in sperm cell motility. Enolase 4 (ENO4) is crucial for the glycolytic process, which provides the energy for sperm cells in motility. ENO4 is located in the sperm principal piece and is essential for the motility and organization of the sperm flagellum. In the present study, we characterized a family with asthenozoospermia and abnormal sperm morphology as a result of a variant in the enolase 4 (ENO4) gene. METHODS: Computer-assisted semen analysis, papanicolaou smear staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine sperm motility and morphology for semen analysis in patients. For genetic analysis, whole-exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Two brothers in a consanguineous family were being clinically investigated for sperm motility and morphology issues. Genetic analysis by whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous variant [c.293A>G, p.(Lys98Arg)] in the ENO4 gene that segregated with infertility in the family, shared by affected but not controls. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the association of asthenozoospermia and abnormal sperm morphology in Eno4 knockout mice, we consider this to be the first report describing the involvement of ENO4 gene in human male infertility. We also explore the possible involvement of another variant in explaining other phenotypic features in this family.


Assuntos
Astenozoospermia , Infertilidade Masculina , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Astenozoospermia/genética , Astenozoospermia/metabolismo , Sêmen/metabolismo , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/genética , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/genética , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo
2.
Clin Genet ; 106(3): 347-353, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38774940

RESUMO

Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders presenting mild to lethal defects. Several factors, such as genetic, prenatal, and postnatal environmental may contribute to reduced growth. Fourteen families of Pakistani origin, presenting the syndromic form of short stature either in the autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner were clinically and genetically investigated to uncover the underlying genetic etiology. Homozygosity mapping, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were used to search for the disease-causing gene variants. In total, we have identified 13 sequence variants in 10 different genes. The variants in the HSPG2 and XRCC4 genes were not reported previously in the Pakistani population. This study will expand the mutation spectrum of the identified genes and will help in improved diagnosis of the syndromic form of short stature in the local population.


Assuntos
Nanismo , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Mutação , Linhagem , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Nanismo/genética , Criança , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Homozigoto , Fenótipo , Síndrome , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Estudos de Associação Genética
3.
Inflammopharmacology ; 2024 Sep 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39342545

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and pronounced gastro-protective activities of ß- Citronellol using in vitro, in vivo assays and in silico approaches. METHODS: In vitro assays, denaturation of bovine serum albumin, egg protein, and human Red Blood Cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization were performed, using Piroxicam as standard. For in vivo assessment, Histamine (0.1 ml from 1% w/v) and Formaldehyde (0.1 ml from 2% v/v) were used to mediate inflammation. In silico molecular docking and network pharmacology were employed to probe the possible target genes mediating gastroprotective effect of ß-Citronellol at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, using indomethacin-induced (25 mg/kg i.p) gastric ulcer in rats. Moreover, Gastric tissues were evaluated for morphological, histopathological, and bio-chemical analysis of PGE2, COX-I, COX-II, 5-LOX, eNOS, ICAM-1, oxygen-free radical scavengers (SOD, CAT), and oxidative stress marker (MDA). RESULTS: ß-Citronellol prevented denaturation of proteins and RBCs membrane stabilization with maximum effect observed at 6,400 µg/mL. Citronellol decreased rat's paw edema. Network pharmacology and docking studies revealed gastro-protective potential of Citronellol possibly mediated through arachidonic acid pathways by targeting COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, and 5-LOX. Citronellol reduced the ulcer indices, and histopathological changes. Further, ß-Citronellol (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased gastric PGE2, COX-1, and eNOS; while suppressing COX-2, 5-LOX and ICAM-1. Citronellol markedly enhanced the oxidative balance in isolated rat stomach tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and gastro-protective effects of ß-Citronellol against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats through mediating COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, 5-LOX, eNOS, and ICAM-1 inflammatory markers.

4.
Inflammopharmacology ; 31(5): 2479-2491, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37689616

RESUMO

Fenchone (a bicyclic monoterpene) is present in the essential oils of plant species like Foeniculum vulgare and Peumus boldus and is used to treat GIT disorders. Research reports have indicated its strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive properties. The present study was designed to investigate fenchone's anti-arthritic effects in a rat model of chronic joint inflammation (Complete Freud's Adjuvant-mediated inflammation [CFA]). Molecular docking analysis revealed a high binding interaction of fenchone with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interleukin-17, Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4, and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating its anti-inflammatory efficacy using computational tests. Fenchone treatment at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg significantly enhanced the tail-flick latency when compared with the solvent-treated group. Correspondingly, the raised mRNA values of iNOS, IL-17, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 in solvent-treated group were significantly reduced following treatment with fenchone. Moreover, fenchone significantly lowered spleen and thymus indices, Nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 values as compared to solvent-treated group. Hence, the results of the present study indicated that fenchone has a potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory markers and thus may have therapeutic potential for chronic joint inflammation as well as chronic inflammatory disorders.


Assuntos
Artrite , Prostaglandinas , Animais , Ratos , Proteína C-Reativa , Óxido Nítrico , Ureia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Canfanos , Adjuvante de Freund , Monoterpenos/farmacologia
5.
Ann Hum Genet ; 86(6): 291-296, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36039988

RESUMO

Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is clinically heterogeneous and is characterized by abnormalities in the oral cavity, facial features, digits, and central nervous system. At least 18 subtypes of the condition have been described in the literature. OFD is caused by variants in several genes with overlapping phenotypes. We studied a consanguineous Pakistani family with two affected siblings with an atypical form of OFD type 4 (OFD4). In addition to the typical features of OFD4 that include limb defects and growth retardation, the siblings displayed rare features of scaphocephaly and seizures. Exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel homozygous splice site variant c.257-1G>A in TCTN3 that segregated with disease. This homozygous splice site variant in TCTN3 is most likely the underlying cause of the atypical form of OFD4 observed in this family. Our results contribute to the phenotypic spectrum of TCTN3 associated ciliopathies and will facilitate better clinical diagnosis.


Assuntos
Ciliopatias , Síndromes Orofaciodigitais , Humanos , Síndromes Orofaciodigitais/genética , Ciliopatias/diagnóstico , Mutação , Homozigoto , Linhagem
6.
J Hum Genet ; 67(5): 253-259, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34857885

RESUMO

Cenani-Lenz syndrome (CLS) is a rare autosomal-recessive congenital disorder affecting development of distal limbs. It is characterized mainly by syndactyly and/or oligodactyly, renal anomalies, and characteristic facial features. Mutations in the LRP4 gene, located on human chromosome 11p11.2-q13.1, causes the CLS. The gene LRP4 encodes a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-4, which mediates SOST-dependent inhibition of bone formation and Wnt signaling. In the study, presented here, three families of Pakistani origin, segregating CLS in the autosomal recessive manner were clinically and genetically characterized. In two families (A and B), microsatellite-based homozygosity mapping followed by Sanger sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant [NM_002334.3: c.295G>C; p.(Asp99His)] in the LRP4 gene. In the third family C, exome sequencing revealed a second novel homozygous missense variant [NM_002334.3: c.1633C>T; p.(Arg545Trp)] in the same gene. To determine the functional relevance of these variants, we tested their ability to inhibit canonical WNT signaling in a luciferase assay. Wild type LRP4 was able to inhibit LRP6-dependent WNT signaling robustly. The two mutants p.(Asp99His) and p.(Arg545Trp) inhibited WNT signaling less effectively, suggesting they reduced LRP4 function.


Assuntos
Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL , Sindactilia , Humanos , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/genética , Masculino , Linhagem , Sindactilia/genética , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genética
7.
J Hum Genet ; 66(7): 725-730, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33517345

RESUMO

Male infertility pertains to male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. It accounts for 40-50% of infertility in human. In the study, presented here, a large consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating male infertility in autosomal recessive manner was investigated. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant [NM_001040108: c.3632delA, p.(Asn1211Metfs*49)] in DNA mismatch repair gene MLH3 (MutL Homolog) that segregated with male infertility within the family. This is the first loss-of-function homozygous variant in the MLH3 gene causing severe oligozoospermia leading to male infertility. Previous studies have demonstrated association of infertility with gene knockout in the mice.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Proteínas MutL/genética , Oligospermia/genética , Adulto , Consanguinidade , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA/genética , Mutação da Fase de Leitura/genética , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/epidemiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Mutação com Perda de Função , Masculino , Oligospermia/epidemiologia , Oligospermia/patologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma
8.
Reprod Biomed Online ; 43(5): 913-919, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34493464

RESUMO

RESEARCH QUESTION: Male infertility is a global issue worldwide and multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one of the most severe forms of the qualitative sperm defects with a heterogeneous genetic cause that has not been completely understood. Can whole-exome sequencing (WES) reveal novel genetic causes contributing to MMAF in a consanguineous Pakistani family, comprising three infertile brothers? DESIGN: WES and bioinformatic analysis were conducted to screen potential pathogenic variants. The identified variant was validated by Sanger sequencing in all available family members Transmission electron microscopy analyses was carried out to examine the flagella ultrastructure of spermatozoa from patient. RESULTS: WES and Sanger sequencing identified a novel homozygous stop-gain mutation (ENST00000392644.4, c.182C>G, p.S61X) in ARMC2, which is expected to lead to loss of protein functions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the flagellar ultrastructure of the patient's spermatozoa was disorganized along with a complete absence of central pair complex (CPC), suggesting that ARMC2 is involved in the assembly, stability of the axonemal complex, or both, particularly the CPC. CONCLUSION: We report that a familial stop-gain mutation in ARMC2 is associated with male infertility in humans caused by MMAF accompanied with loss of CPCs and axonemal disorganization. We provide genetic evidence that ARMC2 is essential for human spermatogenesis and its mutation may be pathogenic for MMAF. These findings will improve the knowledge about the genetic basis of MMAF and provide information for genetic counselling of this disease.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Cauda do Espermatozoide/patologia , Espermatozoides/anormalidades , Adulto , Consanguinidade , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/fisiologia , Homozigoto , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Mutação , Paquistão , Linhagem , Análise do Sêmen , Espermatogênese , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Sequenciamento do Exoma
9.
Qatar Med J ; 2021(1): 01, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33643863

RESUMO

Epidural analgesia or anesthesia is a common procedure for pain relief, especially in obstetrics. Pneumorrhachis and pneumothorax are rare complications of epidural analgesia. They are considered asymptomatic entities but have recently caused increased morbidity and mortality. As the use of epidural analgesia and anesthesia increased significantly in the last decade, clinicians must be aware of this entity. This is a case report of pneumorrhachis causing pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum leading to respiratory distress. Case: A 26-year-old obese primigravida at 37 weeks' gestation and with failure of progression of labor underwent lower segment cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. The procedure including the delivery of fetus was uneventful. In the post-anesthesia care unit, the patient became tachypneic, and her oxygen saturation was low despite supplemented oxygen by face mask and adequate analgesia. She was afebrile and was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) for further management. In the SICU, incentive spirometry was initiated, and analgesia with intravenous fentanyl was given. Her echocardiogram was normal. Computer tomographic examination ruled out pulmonary embolism but showed pneumorrhachis with extension into the mediastinum and right apical pneumothorax. She was hemodynamically stable. In the next two days, her tachypnea settled, and the oxygen saturation improved to normal. On the third day, she was transferred to the ward and discharged home from there. She was followed up in the outpatient clinic after one and four weeks and was doing well, and her repeat imaging studies were normal. Conclusion: Epidural analgesia can lead to pneumorrhachis and can cause pneumothorax leading to respiratory distress.

10.
Qatar Med J ; 2021(1): 4, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34604007

RESUMO

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological entity initially described in 1996. PRES frequently develops in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. There is not much literature on risk factors causing PRES in pregnant patients with eclampsia. This study aimed to determine the incidence of PRES in eclampsia, its association with pregnancy, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who were admitted with eclampsia and developed PRES in an intensive care unit of a tertiary medical facility between 1997 and 2017 were included in the study. Patients' demographics, pregnancy and gestational data, treatment mode, and outcomes were retrospectively obtained from their medical charts/files. Data were entered using SPSS program version 23. Chi-square test was used to compare the variables, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were admitted during the study period, and 25 developed PRES. The diagnosis was common in patients older than 25 years. Eclampsia patients who developed PRES were without any pregnancy-associated comorbidities (p < 0.08). At the time of diagnosis, their gestational age was more than 36 weeks, which was significant (p < 0.04). Incidence was significantly higher in patients presenting with eclampsia and had recurrent seizures (p < 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). Its incidence was significantly higher in postpartum eclampsia patients (p < 0.01). It was also significantly higher in patients who had cesarean section and hypertension treated with labetalol (p < 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Overall, the maternal mortality rate of eclampsia patients complicated with PRES was 4% in our population. CONCLUSION: Of eclampsia patients, 16% developed PRES, which is on the lower side than the reviewed literature (10%-90%). Eclampsia on presentation, recurrent seizures, postpartum eclampsia, cesarean delivery, and labetalol use were associated with increased risk of PRES development.

11.
J Hum Genet ; 65(2): 187-192, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31656313

RESUMO

Autosomal-recessive (AR) nonsyndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) displays a high degree of genetic heterogeneity with >100 genes identified. Recently, TMEM132E, which is highly expressed in inner hair cells, was suggested as a novel ARNSHI gene for DFNB99. A missense variant c.1259G>A: p.(Arg420Gln) in TMEM132E was identified that segregated with ARNSHI in a single Chinese family with two affected members. In the present study, a family of Pakistani origin with prelingual profound sensorineural hearing impairment displaying AR mode of inheritance was investigated via exome and Sanger sequencing. Compound heterozygous variants c.382G>T: p.(Ala128Ser) and c.2204C>T: p.(Pro735Leu) in TMEM132E were observed in affected but not in unaffected family members. TMEM132E variants identified in this and the previously reported ARNSHI family are located in the extracellular domain. In conclusion, we present a second ARNSHI family with TMEM132E variants which strengthens the evidence of the involvement of this gene in the etiology of ARNSHI.


Assuntos
Surdez/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Povo Asiático , Surdez/diagnóstico , Exoma/genética , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Linhagem
12.
Mol Biol Rep ; 47(9): 7083-7088, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32886330

RESUMO

Dyggve melchior clausen syndrome (DMC, MIM 223800) is a very rare autosomal recessive form of skeletal dysplasia associated with various degrees of mental retardation. It is characterized by a progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) with disproportionate short stature, generalized platyspondyly and lacy iliac crest. Here, we report characterization of large consanguineous family segregating DMC in autosomal recessive manner. Scanning SNP-based human genome identified a 5.3 Mb homozygous region on chromosome 18q21.1-q21.2. Sanger sequencing of the DYM gene, located in the homozygous region, revealed a novel homozygous nonsense variant [c.59 T > A; p.(Leu20*)] in affected members of the family. Analysis of the mRNA, extracted from hair follicles of an affected individual, suggested non-sense mediated decay (NMD) of the truncated transcript. This is the first nonsense and fourth loss of function variant in the DYM gene, causing DMC, reported in the Pakistani population. This study not only extended spectrum of the mutations in the DYM gene but will also facilitate diagnosis of similar other cases in Pakistani population.


Assuntos
Códon sem Sentido , Nanismo/genética , Genoma Humano , Homozigoto , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/congênito , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Nanismo/patologia , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia
13.
Qatar Med J ; 2020(3): 36, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33447536

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Enteral feeding has various advantages over parenteral feeding in critically ill patients. Acutely ill patients are at risk of developing enteral feeding intolerance. Prokinetic medications improve gastrointestinal mobility and enteral feed migration and absorption. Among the available prokinetic agents, erythromycin is the most potent. Erythromycin is used in different dosages and durations with variable efficacy. Intravenous erythromycin has an early and high rate of tachyphylaxis; hence, enteral route is preferred. Recently, the combination of prokinetic medications has been increasingly used because they accelerate the prokinetic action and decrease the adverse effects. AIM: This study aimed to determine the optimal effective prokinetic dose and duration of administering enteral erythromycin in combination with metoclopramide in critically ill patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study has a prospective observation design. After obtaining permission from the medical research center of the institution, all patients in the surgical and trauma intensive care unit having enteral feed intolerance and those who were already on metoclopramide for 24 hour (h) were enrolled in the study. Patients' demographic data, diagnosis, surgical intervention, disease severity scores, erythromycin dose, duration of administration, any adverse effects, factors affecting erythromycin response, and outcome were recorded. All patients received 125 mg syrup erythromycin twice daily through a nasogastric tube (NGT). The NGT was clamped for 2 h, and half amount of previous enteral feeds was resumed. If the patient did not tolerate the feeds, the erythromycin dose was increased every 24 h in the increment of 250, 500, and 1000 mg (Figure 1). Statistical significance was considered at P <  0.05. A total of 313 patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the patients were male, and the mean age was 45 years. RESULTS: Majority (48.2%) of the patients (96) with feed intolerance were post laparotomy. Ninety percent (284) of the patients responded to prokinetic erythromycin therapy, and 54% received lower dose (125 mg twice daily). In addition, 14% had diarrhea, and none of these patients tested positive for Clostridium difficile toxin or multidrug resistance bacteria. The mean duration of erythromycin therapy was 4.98 days. The most effective prokinetic dose of erythromycin was 125 mg twice daily (P = 0.001). Erythromycin was significantly effective in patients with multiple organ dysfunction and shock (P = 0.001). Patients with high disease severity index and multiple organ dysfunction had significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05). Patients not responding to erythromycin therapy also had a significant higher mortality (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Post-laparotomy patients had high enteral feed intolerance. Enteral erythromycin in combination with metoclopramide was effective in low dose and was required for short duration. Patients who did not tolerate feeds despite increasing dose of erythromycin had higher mortality.

14.
J Hum Genet ; 63(11): 1099-1107, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30177809

RESUMO

LHFPL5, the gene for DFNB67, underlies autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. We identified seven Pakistani families that mapped to 6p21.31, which includes the LHFPL5 gene. Sanger sequencing of LHFPL5 using DNA samples from hearing impaired and unaffected members of these seven families identified four variants. Among the identified variants, two were novel: one missense c.452 G > T (p.Gly151Val) and one splice site variant (c.*16 + 1 G > A) were each identified in two families. Two known variants: c.250delC (p.Leu84*) and c.380 A > G (p.Tyr127Cys) were also observed in two families and a single family, respectively. Nucleotides c.452G and c.*16 + 1G and amino-acid residue p.Gly151 are under strong evolutionary conservation. In silico bioinformatics analyses predicted these variants to be damaging. The splice site variant (c.*16 + 1 G > A) is predicted to affect pre-mRNA splicing and a loss of the 5' donor splice site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Further analysis supports the activation of a cryptic splice site approximately 357-bp downstream, leading to an extended 3'-UTR with additional regulatory motifs. In conclusion, we identified two novel variants in LHFPL5, including a unique 3'-UTR splice site variant that is predicted to impact pre-mRNA splicing and regulation through an extended 3'-UTR.


Assuntos
Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Genes Recessivos , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Perda Auditiva/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Sítios de Splice de RNA , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
16.
Cureus ; 16(9): e68836, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39376816

RESUMO

This case report details the perioperative challenges and anesthesia strategies in managing severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) during emergency orthopedic surgery. An 86-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, including severe PH, presented with a hip fracture. Multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial for preoperative optimization, including transfusions, antithrombotic discontinuation, and thromboprophylaxis initiation. Anesthesia management included the use of spinal anesthesia combined with a precautionary epidural catheter insertion, low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine, and continuous monitoring to prevent hemodynamic instability. Postoperatively, the patient was closely monitored in the surgical intensive care unit. This case highlights the necessity of meticulous planning and proactive monitoring in optimizing outcomes for severe PH in emergency orthopedic surgery.

17.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 266(Pt 2): 130984, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38513910

RESUMO

Genome sequence analysis and classification play critical roles in properly understanding an organism's main characteristics, functionalities, and changing (evolving) nature. However, the rapid expansion of genomic data makes genome sequence analysis and classification a challenging task due to the high computational requirements, proper management, and understanding of genomic data. Recently proposed models yielded promising results for the task of genome sequence classification. Nevertheless, these models often ignore the sequential nature of nucleotides, which is crucial for revealing their underlying structure and function. To address this limitation, we present SPM4GAC, a sequential pattern mining (SPM)-based framework to analyze and classify the macromolecule genome sequences of viruses. First, a large dataset containing the genome sequences of various RNA viruses is developed and transformed into a suitable format. On the transformed dataset, algorithms for SPM are used to identify frequent sequential patterns of nucleotide bases. The obtained frequent sequential patterns of bases are then used as features to classify different viruses. Ten classifiers are employed, and their performance is assessed by using several evaluation measures. Finally, a performance comparison of SPM4GAC with state-of-the-art methods for genome sequence classification/detection reveals that SPM4GAC performs better than those methods.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Genoma Viral , Genômica/métodos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Mineração de Dados , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/classificação
18.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 277(Pt 1): 134147, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39059541

RESUMO

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) from different families and sub-types play a vital role in the folding and unfolding of proteins, in maintaining cellular health, and in preventing serious disorders. Previous computational methods for HSP classification have yielded promising performance. However, most of the existing methods rely heavily on amino acid composition features and still face challenges related to interpretability and accuracy. To overcome these issues, we introduce a novel frequent sequential pattern (FSP)-based analysis and classification method for the classification of HSPs, their families, and sub-types. The proposed method is called FSP4HSP, which stands for "FSP for HSP". It identifies FSPs of amino acids (FSPAAs) and utilizes them for analysis and classification. Besides FSPAAs, sequential rules among amino acids are also discovered. Both binary and multi-class classification scenarios are considered, with the utilization of eight integer-based and four string-based classifiers. The incorporation of FSPAAs in the classification/prediction task enhances the interpretability of FSP4HSP and a comprehensive performance comparison using various evaluation measures demonstrates that it surpasses existing methods for the classification/recognition of HSPs.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/classificação , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos/química
19.
Mol Syndromol ; 15(4): 269-274, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39119445

RESUMO

Background: Hereditary hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous neurosensory disorder that affects many people. Deafness and infertility can coexist in some cases, creating the hearing impairment infertile male syndrome. There are several known molecular mechanisms that can cause deafness either on its own or in conjunction with infertility. Methods and Results: Here, we represent two consanguineous families (A, B), both families had clinical evidence of deafness, and family B also had infertility, so we referred to them as having nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and hearing impairment infertile male syndrome (HIIMS), respectively. These families' genetic makeup was examined using an Affymetrix GeneChip 250K Nsp array followed by Sanger sequencing. In family A, we identified a novel homozygous stop gain variant [NM_003672.4; c.1000C>T; p.(Gln334*)] and a homozygous missense variant [NM_003672.4; c.684C>A; p.(Asn228Lys)] in family B in CDC14A gene (MIM#603504). In animal models, the CDC14A gene causes both hearing loss and infertility; in addition, it also causes NSHL and HIIMS in humans. Conclusions: Our study on the CDC14A gene has identified two novel variants, crucial for delineating disease boundaries. Variants in exon 10 and upstream cause HIIMS, and those in exon 11 and downstream are linked exclusively to hearing impairment. This precision enhances diagnostics and offers potential for targeted interventions, marking a significant advancement in understanding the genetic basis of these conditions.

20.
PLoS One ; 19(1): e0295208, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38165875

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a neurological disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Strokes mainly consist of two types: hemorrhage and ischemia. Stroke patients are being administered multiple drug therapy and are at risk of drug-related problems. AIM: To estimate drug-related problems (DRPs) and clinical end outcomes in hospitalized stroke patients. METHODS: Current study was a multicenter, cross-sectional prospective observational study including 250 stroke patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The study included all clinical subtypes of stroke patients i.e. Stroke, Ischemic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke, CVA, and TIA. Associations among patient-clinical end outcomes and drug therapy-related variables like DRPs, mortality, and morbidity rates were estimated using Pearson's chi-squared test. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software, version 25. RESULTS: A total of 250 patients participated in this study suffering from different clinical subtypes of stroke i.e. Ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, and CVA, including 46% male and 54% female patients. The majority of patients' stay at the hospital was between 1-10 days. The overall mortality rate in stroke patients was 51%. HAIs were observed in 70% of patients, HAIs faced by patients were SAP, CAP, UTI, sepsis, and VAP. Drugs were assessed according to NEML i.e. access group antibiotics, watch group antibiotics, reserve group antibiotics, statins, antiepileptics, and proton pump inhibitors. Majorly ceftriaxone was administered to 79% of patients, piperacillin-tazobactam to 52%, and cefixime to 48%, whereas meropenem was administered to 42% of patients along with vancomycin to 39% of total patients. A high mortality rate was observed in the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus i.e. 78% and in the case of streptococcus pneumoniae 61% mortality rate was observed. Due to the presence of DRPs and various other clinical factors like comorbidities, DDIs, HAIs, administration of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, and administration of antibiotics without having CST, hospitalized stroke patients faced many problems. CONCLUSION: This study helped determine DRPs along with various clinical factors affecting the clinical end outcomes of patients suffering from any clinical subtype of stroke. Due to the enhancement in the evidence of the incidence of DRPs in tertiary care hospitals, pharmacist-led drug therapy review by interfering with doctors and other medical professionals at the patient bed site is needed and should be done to avoid any negative end outcomes and serious issues related to DRPs.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hemorrágico , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , AVC Isquêmico/tratamento farmacológico
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