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Aim To study features of diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Russian hospitals, results of the treatment, and early and late outcomes (6 and 12 months after AMI diagnosis); to evaluate the consistence of the treatment with clinical guidelines; and to evaluate patients' compliance with the treatment.Material and methods The program was designed for 3 years, including 24 months for recruitment of patients to the study. The study will include 10,â000 patients hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis (I21 according to ICD-10) of ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI) (STEMI) or non-ST segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) based on criteria of the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Forth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). The follow-up period was divided into three stages: observation during the stay in the hospital and at 6 and 12 months following inclusion into the registry. The primary endpoint included cardiac death, nonfatal MI during the hospitalization and after one-year follow-up. Secondary endpoints were 6-months and one-year incidence of repeated MI, heart failure, ischemic stroke, clinically significant hemorrhage, unscheduled revascularization after discharge from the hospital, and the proportion of patients who continue on statins, antiplatelet drugs, and drugs of other groups for 6 months and 1 year.Results The inclusion of patients into the registry started in 2020 and will continue for 24 months. By the time of the article publication (June, 2021), more than 2,000 patients will be included.Conclusion REGION-MI (Russian rEGIstry Of acute myocardial iNfarction) is a multicenter, retrospective and prospective observational cohort study that excludes any interference with the clinical practice. Results of the registry will help to analyze a real picture of medical care provided to patients with myocardial infarction and to schedule ways to improve the situation.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
It is shown that the use of low-voltage GaAs/AlGaAs thyristors as high-speed and high-current switches in vertical stacks with semiconductor lasers ensures the efficient generation of high-power ns-duration laser pulses. The lasing and current dynamics in vertical stacks based on laser diode mini bar emitting at 1060 nm and a single as well as a double thyristor switch is studied. The possibility is demonstrated that a laser diode mini bar (with 3 laser emitters) together with a single thyristor switch can generate laser pulses with a peak power of 6 W with a duration of 950 ps and a peak current of 12 A for an operating voltage of 28 V. The use of a double thyristor switch leads to a broadening of the current pulse due to different delays in turn-on of the thyristor switches, while the peak power and duration of laser pulses increase to 8 W and 1.4 ns, respectively. It is found that the stage of low-speed turn-on of the thyristor limits the efficient generation of current and laser pulses of ns duration at low operating voltages (less than 21V). An efficient generation of current and laser pulses by low-voltage thyristors at control currents of 2-320 mA is ensured by efficient impact ionization in the region of the reverse biased p-n junction at high values of operating voltages (more than 21V).
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The response of a graphene-based humidity sensor is considered as a function of film structures. Analysis of the resistance changes due to water molecule adsorption on the graphene or multi-layer graphene (MLG) surface is performed for films with different structures and resistivities from hundreds of ohms/sq to hundreds of kilo-ohms/sq. The results revealed possible increase, decrease and non-monotonous behavior of resistance with changes in film structure. Adsorption of water molecules at grain boundary defects is assumed to lead to an increase in film resistivity due to the donor property of water and the p-type conductivity of graphene. Another type of conductive center with a higher capture cross-section is realized in the case of water molecule adsorption at edge defects in MLG films (the formation of conductive chains with ionic conductivity). If these chains form a continuous network the film resistivity decreases. The result of the competition between the opposite effects of the conductivity compensation and formation of the water-based conductive chains depends on the film structure and determines the response of humidity sensors. Sensor sensitivity is found to increase when only one type of defect determines water adsorption (edge defects or grain boundary defects).
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The present report describes development of hexamethonium complexes based on fullerene C60. Hexamethonium has a limited penetration into CNS and therefore can antagonize central effects of nicotine only when given at high doses. In the present studies conducted in laboratory rodents, intraperitoneal administration of hexamethonium-fullerene complexes blocked effects of nicotine (convulsions and locomotor stimulation). When compared to equimolar doses of hexamethonium, complexes of hexamethonium with derivatives of fullerene C60 were 40 times more potent indicating an enhanced ability to interact with central nicotine receptors. Thus, fullerene C60 derivatives should be explored further as potential carrier systems for polar drug delivery into CNS.
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Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fulerenos/farmacocinética , Compostos de Hexametônio/farmacocinética , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/farmacocinética , Aminocaproatos/química , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/química , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacocinética , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fulerenos/administração & dosagem , Fulerenos/química , Compostos de Hexametônio/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Hexametônio/química , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Nicotina , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/química , Ratos Wistar , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The purpose of the study was to determine the capability of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. BIS readings were estimated on an ABC-01 Medass hardware-computer complex; blood hematological and biochemical parameters (n = 46) were determined on automated analyzers. The BIS readings were found to be closely correlated with packed cell volume and hemoglobin and red blood cell values, but weakly related to plasma biochemical parameters and white blood cell counts. BIS readings may be used to calculate red blood cell counts taken in units of measurement in hematological practice, by applying the multiple regression equations. Thus, the blood BIS technique may be employed to estimate basic hematological parameters (hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell counts, and packed cell volume).
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Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Sangue/metabolismo , Espectroscopia Dielétrica/métodos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/química , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/química , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The BIA primary result sheets as a rule contain one-dimensional graphical scales with a selected area of normal values. In 1994, Piccoli et al. proposed BIVA, an alternative form of BIA data presentation, where two bioimpedance parameters are considered simultaneously as tolerance ellipses: resistance and reactance normalized to height. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to data analysis in body composition bioimpedance research in two-dimensional representations. The data of 1.124.668 patients aged 5 to 85 years who underwent a bioimpedance study in Russian Health Centers from 2009 to 2015 were used. Statistical programming in the R Studio environment was carried out to estimate two-dimensional distribution densities of pairs of body composition parameters for each year of life. The non-Gaussian distribution is found in most parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition for most ages (Lilliefors test, p-value << 0.0001). The slices of the actual two-dimensional distribution pairs of body composition parameters had an irregular shape. The authors of the article propose using the actually observed distribution for populations where numerous bioimpedance studies have already been carried out. Such technology can be called two-dimensional bioimpedance analysis of human body composition (2DBIA). The 2DBIA approach is clearer for practitioners and their patients due to the use of body composition parameters in addition to electrical impedance parameters.
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The estimation of the smooth pursuit efficiency in healthy young adults by method based on stroboscopic stimulation is given. The influence of manual function asymmetry on smooth pursuit was tested. Subjects were classified as left-handed or right-handed under a well known handedness questionnaire of Annett supplemented by Luria's tests. It was shown that the strong right-handed persons have a high quality of smooth pursuit of stimuli moving horizontally in rightward and leftward directions with the velocities 20 degrees/s and 25 degrees/s. Left-handed persons track similar stimuli, on the average, worse than the strong right-handed ones. It haven't been observed the influence of manual function asymmetry on the dependence of the smooth pursuit efficiency from the moving stimuli direction (left to right or right to left).
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Mãos/fisiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The investigation has shown that patients with the diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysms must be operated, the age being not considered a contraindication to surgical treatment. Five years survival of the patients after resection of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and its prosthesis does not depend on the age and is higher than 70%, while the expectant management leads to rupture of the aneurysm and death of 70% of the patients. A medical algorithm has been developed allowing reduction of lethality of elderly patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and less frequency of complications.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Laparotomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestesia Epidural , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A portable two-frequency tetrapolar impedance meter was developed to study the state of liquid compartments of human body under zero-gravity conditions. The portable impedance meter makes it possible to monitor the hydration state of human body under conditions of long-term space flight on board international space station.
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Medicina Aeroespacial/instrumentação , Astronautas , Composição Corporal , Líquidos Corporais , Impedância Elétrica , Corpo Humano , Humanos , Masculino , Voo EspacialRESUMO
The operations of semiclosed endarterecromy of the aortofemoral zone arteries were shown to have a number of advantages over shunting interventions with synthetic transplants. They are quick, not traumatic and have better results of long term patency. However, their application is limited by certain indications. Femoral amputations in patients with lesions of the aorta and iliac arteries independent of the age should not be recommended as a method of treatment of critical ischemia of lower extremities. Reconstructive operations on the vessels of this zone provide longer duration and better quality of life of the patients.
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Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aterosclerose/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Endarterectomia/métodos , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Angiografia , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Artéria Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Recently, a new high energy proton microscopy facility PRIOR (Proton Microscope for FAIR Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research) has been designed, constructed, and successfully commissioned at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt, Germany). As a result of the experiments with 3.5-4.5 GeV proton beams delivered by the heavy ion synchrotron SIS-18 of GSI, 30 µm spatial and 10 ns temporal resolutions of the proton microscope have been demonstrated. A new pulsed power setup for studying properties of matter under extremes has been developed for the dynamic commissioning of the PRIOR facility. This paper describes the PRIOR setup as well as the results of the first static and dynamic proton radiography experiments performed at GSI.
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A study of the α- and ß-dispersion of skin bioimpedance dependence on temperature and micro-hemodynamics is presented. The vascular tone changes during the cold test are verified by the wavelet-analysis of skin temperature signals obtained simultaneously with impedance measurements. Thirty three normal healthy subjects of 28 ± 7 years old were entered into the study. The tetra-polar electrode system was used to record the resistance and reactance; measurements were carried out at 67 frequencies, in a frequency range from 2 Hz to 50 kHz. It has been found that the impedance decreases with vasodilation and increases with vasoconstriction. The high values of correlation among thermal oscillation amplitudes and Nyquist diagram parameters prove the impedance dependence on blood flow in three frequency bands corresponding to the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial vascular tone regulation mechanisms. Using an equivalent RC circuit, we obtained the changes in the Nyquist diagram matching the experimental data. The proposed descriptive α-dispersion model can be used to study mechanisms responsible for intercellular interaction.
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Temperatura Baixa , Impedância Elétrica , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele , Adulto , Espectroscopia Dielétrica , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Software , Termometria , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/fisiologiaRESUMO
Data about glucocorticoid influence on proliferation in the esophagus and small intestine are very contradictory and need to be reexamined. Moreover, only the effects of acute or short-term treatments with glucocorticoids have been demonstrated, whereas nothing is known about their effects under chronic exposure. This work was therefore carried out to examine proliferative activity in the esophagus and small intestine under conditions of acute and chronic glucocorticoid exposure. Rats were treated with either glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide or vehicle for 3, 33, or 63 days. Proliferation was assessed in the basal layer of esophageal epithelium and in the epithelium of jejunal crypts, using three criteria, as the number of mitotic, bromodeoxyuridine-labelled, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labelled cells. Treatment with glucocorticoid for 3 days led to a slight decrease in all parameters in the esophageal epithelium and had almost no effect on proliferation in the epithelium of jejunal crypts. Long-term treatment with glucocorticoid for either 33 or 63 days resulted in an increase in all parameters tested in both esophageal and jejunal crypt epithelia. Sixty-three-day treatment had a more prominent and significant (P < 0.05) effect. These results suggest that acute glucocorticoid treatment nonsignificantly reduces the number of cells in the cell cycle in the esophageal epithelium, whereas chronic treatment increases the number of proliferating cells in both esophageal and jejunal crypt epithelia.
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Esôfago/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Triancinolona Acetonida/farmacologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The present work was undertaken to examine the effect of 2 month glucocorticoid treatment on estradiol-induced proliferation in the uterus. Ovariectomized rats were treated with long-acting triamcinolone acetonide or saline for 60 days followed by a single injection of estradiol dipropionate or vehicle. Proliferation in the uterus was estimated by the mitotic index, bromodeoxyuridine-labelling index and proliferating cells nuclear antigen-labelling index 24, 36 and 48 h after the injection of estradiol or vehicle. Two month glucocorticoid treatment resulted in an initial decrease in all the parameters for luminal and glandular epithelia followed by an increase to 48 h after estradiol injection, and in a large increase in all proliferative parameters for stromal and myometrial cells at all periods of observation, compared with control rats untreated with glucocorticoid. The 2 month glucocorticoid treatment protocol had no significant effect on the parameters without estradiol administration. Analysis of proliferation for myometrial cells was also performed after 1 month treatment with glucocorticoid followed by estradiol or saline. Results showed no significant influence of 1 month treatment with glucocorticoid on myometrial cells.
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Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Miométrio/citologia , Ovariectomia , Células Estromais/citologia , Animais , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Mitose , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Ratos , Triancinolona Acetonida/farmacologia , Útero/citologiaRESUMO
The requirements for selection of congenital malformations in the system of genetic monitoring as models have been studied. Model malformations have been shown to be easily and reliably diagnosed even in infancy. Their rate should be not less than 1:5000 births. The precise knowledge of the genetics of model forms is needed as well. Down's syndrome registration is the most convenient method for evaluation of mutations in a genome. We recommend registration in total all multiple congenital malformations (without Down's syndrome) for estimation of dominant mutability dynamics, as it was shown that more than 11% of all multiple malformations are caused by sporadic dominant mutations.
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Anormalidades Congênitas/genética , Testes Genéticos , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Down/genética , Genes Dominantes , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Mutação , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
The authors propose the methods of measuring the hemodynamic indices on the basis of the impedance rheoplethysmography, electrocardiometer and programming microcalculator. The use of the disk electrodes instead of the circular electrodes makes it possible to take measurements during physical tests, e.g. veloergometric tests.
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Débito Cardíaco , Esforço Físico , Pletismografia de Impedância/métodos , Software , Humanos , Microcomputadores , Pletismografia de Impedância/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism were studied in 44 patients with acute severe craniocerebral injuries (contusions of the brain and removal of intracranial hematomas) with consciousness depression (moderate coma), hospitalized in intensive neurological care wards. Oxygen supply to the brain was repeatedly evaluated (acid-base status of the jugular vein blood, oxygen arterio-venous difference, oxygen extraction coefficient), oxymetry of the brain was repeatedly carried out, and vital functions were monitored over the entire period of disease. Cerebral blood flow was monitored by rheoencephalography, which helped timely detect the changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with craniocerebral injuries during different ventilation protocols used in intensive care. All studies were carried out during three stages: 1) initial stage, when the patients were brought to intensive neurological care wards after surgical intervention, and during normoventilation (paCO2 36-40 mm Hg; 2) moderate hyperventilation (paCO2 35-26 mm Hg); and 3) pronounced hyperventilation (paCO2 25-20 mm Hg). Specific changes in the cerebral blood flow during the acute period of craniocerebral injury were detected during different ventilation regimens in 2 groups of patients: group 1 with lethal outcomes and group 2 with positive changes.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/terapia , Hiperventilação , Adulto , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/metabolismo , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
There were studied 14 children (mean age 5.71 +/- 0.60 years, body weight 18.95 +/- 3.50 kg, height 101.0 +/- 4.03 cm) with initially normal osmotic and volumic status. Plasma osmolarity, blood aldosterone level, aqueous compartments balance were (evaluated by segmented bioimpedance spectrometry), urine osmolarity and diuresis were investigated after bolus injection of x-ray contrast agent (RCA) urografin-60% (mean volume 2 ml/kg for 2-4 sec). A statistically significant gradual decrease in the total volume of water (TVW) in the organism was observed, with 8.53% deficiency of TVW by the second hour after RCA injection in comparison with the initial level. TVW deficiency developed as the result of diuresis which increased 7-fold in the presence of increased plasma osmolarity after injection of RCA bolus. Correction of the volume of circulating blood and plasma was carried out mainly at the expense of intracellular liquid, whose deficiency was actually 4.5 times higher than of extracellular liquid. Bioimpedance spectrometry indicated centralized redistribution of water in the organism, as TVW deficiency was mainly due to water in the limbs. The results indicate the need in infusion therapy after RCA injection in order to correct the resultant water deficit.