Comparison of six antibody assays and two combination assays for COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: In this work, six SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody assays were evaluated, namely, two pan-immunoglobulin (pan-Ig) assays [Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (named "Elecsys" in this study) and the PerkinElmer SuperFlex™ Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab Assay (SuperFlex_Ab)], two IgM assays [SuperFlex™ Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Assay (SuperFlex_IgM) and YHLO iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 IgM (iFlash_IgM)], and two IgG assays [SuperFlex™ Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay (SuperFlex_IgG) and iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (iFlash_IgG)]. Combination assays of SuperFlex™ (SuperFlex_any) and iFlash (iFlash_any) were also evaluated. METHODS: A total of 438 residual serum samples from 54 COVID-19 patients in the COVID-19 group and 100 samples from individuals without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the negative control group were evaluated. RESULTS: In the early stage of COVID-19 infection, within 14 days of symptom onset, the seropositive rate was lower than that of the late stage 15 days after onset (65.4% vs 99.6%). In the total period, the pan-Ig and IgG assays had higher sensitivity (90.8-95.3%) than the IgM assays (36.5-40.7%). SuperFlex_Ab and SuperFlex_any had higher sensitivity than Elecsys and SuperFlex_IgG (p < 0.05). The specificity of all the assays was 100%, except for SuperFlex_IgM (99.0%). The concordance rate between each assay was higher (96.4-100%) in the late stage than in the early stage (77.4-98.1%). CONCLUSION: For the purpose of COVID-19 diagnosis, antibody testing should be performed 15 days after onset. For the purpose of epidemiological surveillance, highly sensitive assays should be used as much as possible, such as SuperFlex_Ab, iFlash_IgG and their combination. IgM assays were not suitable for these purposes.

YPC-21661 and YPC-22026, novel small molecules, inhibit ZNF143 activity in vitro and in vivo.

Zinc-finger protein 143 (ZNF143) is a transcription factor that is involved in anticancer drug resistance and cancer cell survival. In the present study, we identified a novel small molecule N-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridine-3-yl) propiolamide (YPC-21661) that inhibited ZNF143 promoter activity and down-regulated the expression of the ZNF143-regulated genes, RAD51, PLK1, and Survivin, by inhibiting the binding of ZNF143 to DNA. In addition, YPC-21661 was cytotoxic and induced apoptosis in the human colon cancer cell line, HCT116 and human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. 2-(pyridine-3-ylethynyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (YPC-22026), a metabolically stable derivative of YPC-21661, induced tumor regression accompanied by the suppression of ZNF143-regulated genes in a mouse xenograft model. The present study revealed that the inhibition of ZNF143 activity by small molecules induced tumor regression in vitro and in vivo; therefore, ZNF143 is a promising target of cancer therapeutics.

Relative hypercoagulation induced by suppressed fibrinolysis after tisagenlecleucel infusion in malignant lymphoma.

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has facilitated progress in treatment of refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A well-known adverse event after CAR-T therapy is cytokine release syndrome(CRS). However, the etiology and pathophysiology of CRS-related coagulopathy remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to comprehensively analyze coagulation/ fibrinolysis parameters present in peripheral blood of adult DLBCL patients treated with tisagenlecleucel in a single institution. Samples were collected from 25 patients at 3 time points: before lymphocyte-depletion chemotherapy and on days 3 and 13 after CAR-T infusion. After infusion, all patients except 1 experienced CRS, and 13 required the administration of tocilizumab. A significant elevation in the plasma level of total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which promotes the initial step of coagulopathy (mean, 22.5 ng/mL before lymphocyte-depletion and 41.0 on day 3, P = .02), was observed at the onset of CRS. Moreover, this suppressed fibrinolysis-induced relatively hypercoagulable state was gradually resolved after CRS remission with normalization of total PAI-1 to preinfusion levels without any organ damage (mean values of soluble fibrin: 3.16 µg/mL at baseline, 8.04 on day 3, and 9.16 on day 13, P < .01; and mean PAI-1: 25.1 ng/mL on day 13). In conclusion, a hypofibrinolytic and relatively hypercoagulable state concomitant with significant total PAI-1 elevation was observed at the onset of CRS even in DLBCL patients with mild CRS. Our results will facilitate understanding of CRS-related coagulopathy, and they emphasize the importance of monitoring sequential coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters during CAR-T therapy.

Novel Pan-Pim Kinase Inhibitors With Imidazopyridazine and Thiazolidinedione Structure Exert Potent Antitumor Activities.

Pim kinases are overexpressed in various types of hematological malignancies and solid carcinomas, and promote cell proliferation and survival. Here in this study, we investigated the preclinical profile of novel pan-Pim kinase inhibitors with imidazopyridazine and thiazolidinedione structure. Imidazopyridazine-thiazolidinediones inhibited activities of Pim kinases with IC50 values of tens to hundreds nanomolar. With YPC-21440 and/or YPC-21817, which exhibited especially high inhibitory activities against Pim kinases, we investigated in vitro and in vivo activities of imidazopyridazine-thiazolidinediones. In silico analysis of binding mode of YPC-21440 and Pim kinases revealed that it directly bound to ATP-binding pockets of Pim kinases. In the kinase panel tested, YPC-21440 and YPC-21817 were highly specific to Pim kinases. These compounds exerted antiproliferative activities against various cancer cell lines derived from hematological malignancies and solid carcinomas. Furthermore, they suppressed phosphorylation of Pim kinase substrates, arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in cultured cancer cells. In tumor xenograft models, YPC-21440 methanesulfonate and YPC-21817 methanesulfonate exerted antitumor activities. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic analysis with a xenograft model suggested that YPC-21817 methanesulfonate inhibited Pim kinases in tumors. In conclusion, our data revealed that imidazopyridazine-thiazolidinediones are novel Pim kinases inhibitors, effective on various types of cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.

Diurnal rhythms of urine volume and electrolyte excretion in healthy young men under differing intensities of daytime light exposure.

In humans, most renal functions, including urine volume and electrolyte excretions, have a circadian rhythm. Light is a strong circadian entrainment factor and daytime-light exposure is known to affect the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature (RT). The effects of daytime-light exposure on the diurnal rhythm of urinary excretion have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to clarify whether and how daytime exposure to bright-light affects urinary excretions. Twenty-one healthy men (21-27 years old) participated in a 4-day study involving daytime (08:00-18:00 h) exposure to two light conditions, Dim (< 50 lx) and Bright (~ 2500 lx), in a random order. During the experiment, RT was measured continuously. Urine samples were collected every 3 ~ 4 h. Compared to the Dim condition, under the Bright condition, the RT nadir time was 45 min earlier (p = 0.017) and sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and uric acid (UA) excretion and urine volumes were greater (all p < 0.001), from 11:00 h to 13:00 h without a difference in total daily urine volume. The present results suggest that daytime bright light exposure can induce a phase shift advance in urine volume and urinary Na, Cl, and UA excretion rhythms.

[Fundamental evaluation of HCV core antigen method comparison with Cobas Amplicor HCV monitor v2.0 (high range method)].

Quantitative measurement of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been performed by PCR method. However, PCR method has problems such as a special instrument, a complicated manual skill and a high cost. Recently, simple and highly sensitive HCV core antigen (Ag) method has been developed. We performed fundamental evaluation of HCV core Ag method, and compared HCV core Ag method with HCV PCR high-range method. The intra-assay and inter-assay variation coefficients for HCV core Ag were calculated to be within the ranges of 1.0-11.3% and 0.8-9.3%, respectively. The test of dilution linearity revealed the unstableness in the vicinity of a cut-off level of 50 fmol/L. Based on the result of the high-range method; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and agreement rate were 97.0%, 100%, 100%, 82.0%, and 96.5%, respectively. The correlation between the HCV core Ag method and the high-range method was r = 0.87. Cost per sample and time from sample preparation to final report for HCV core Ag were cheaper and shorter than those of HCV PCR method, respectively. We consider that the HCV core Ag method seems to be useful as the quantitative measurement of HCV with respect to rapidness, easiness and low cost.

Rational Design of a Potent Pan-Pim Kinases Inhibitor with a Rhodanine-Benzoimidazole Structure.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The serine/threonine Pim kinases are overexpressed in various types of solid carcinomas and hematological malignancies, and contribute to regulating cell-cycle progression and cell survival. The aim of this study was to discover a novel pan-Pim kinases inhibitor with potent anti-proliferative activities against cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened a panel of small molecule compounds for their ability to inhibit Pim-1 kinase activity, and the hit compound was optimized using the docking analysis to Pim-1. We evaluated kinase-inhibition activities of the rationally-designed compound against Pim-1, 2, 3 and another five kinases. Furthermore, in order to characterize the cellular activities, both solid and hematological cancer cell lines treated with the compound were subjected to anti-proliferative assay, western blotting, FACS and apoptosis assays. RESULTS: We discovered a pan-Pim kinases inhibitor, compound 1, with a rhodanine-benzylidene structure via Pim-1 inhibitor screening. Using docking analysis of compound 1 and Pim-1, we optimized it and found a potent- and selective-Pim kinases inhibitor, compound 2, with a rhodanine-benzoimidazole structure. Compound 2 inhibited Pim-1, 2, 3 with IC50 values of 16, 13, and 6.4 nM, respectively, and suppressed proliferation of solid and hematological cancer cell lines at submicromolar concentrations. In both types of cell lines, compound 2 inhibited phosphorylation of Pim signaling substrates and cell-cycle progression and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: We identified a pan-Pim kinases inhibitor, compound 2, with a rhodanine-benzoimidazole structure. Our data suggest that compound 2 can serve as a lead to novel anticancer agents, effective in the treatment of both solid carcinomas and hematological malignancies.

Novel acrylonitrile derivatives, YHO-13177 and YHO-13351, reverse BCRP/ABCG2-mediated drug resistance in vitro and in vivo.

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) confers resistance to anticancer drugs such as 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan), mitoxantrone, and topotecan. In this study, we examined the reversing effects of YHO-13177, a novel acrylonitrile derivative, and its water-soluble diethylaminoacetate prodrug YHO-13351 on the BCRP-mediated drug resistance. YHO-13177 potentiated the cytotoxicity of SN-38, mitoxantrone, and topotecan in both BCRP-transduced human colon cancer HCT116 (HCT116/BCRP) cells and SN-38-resistant human lung cancer A549 (A549/SN4) cells that express BCRP, but had little effect in the parental cells. In addition, YHO-13177 potentiated the cytotoxicity of SN-38 in human lung cancer NCI-H460 and NCI-H23, myeloma RPMI-8226, and pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells that intrinsically expressed BCRP. In contrast, it had no effect on P-glycoprotein-mediated paclitaxel resistance in MDR1-transduced human leukemia K562 cells and multidrug resistance-related protein 1-mediated doxorubicin resistance in MRP1-transfected human epidermoid cancer KB-3-1 cells. YHO-13177 increased the intracellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342, a substrate of BCRP, at 30 minutes and partially suppressed the expression of BCRP protein at more than 24 hours after its treatment in both HCT116/BCRP and A549/SN4 cells. In mice, YHO-13351 was rapidly converted into YHO-13177 after its oral or intravenous administration. Coadministration of irinotecan with YHO-13351 significantly increased the survival time of mice inoculated with BCRP-transduced murine leukemia P388 cells and suppressed the tumor growth in an HCT116/BCRP xenograft model, whereas irinotecan alone had little effect in these tumor models. These findings suggest that YHO-13351, a prodrug of YHO-13177, could be clinically useful for reversing BCRP-mediated drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.

Whole-blood counting immunoassay as a short-turnaround test for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies, and anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies.

Whole-blood samples were used for a counting immunoassay (CIA) with the aim of developing a short- turnaround test. After optimization of the CIA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV), and anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies (anti-TP) were detected as efficiently as by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with serum samples. The correlations between whole-blood CIA and serum EIA were 99.8, 97.1, and 99.4% for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-TP, respectively. Whole-blood CIA may be of value when rapid screening of many samples is required.