RESUMO
Brain structural development continues throughout adolescence, when experimentation with alcohol is often initiated. To parse contributions from biological and environmental factors on neurodevelopment, this study used baseline National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, acquired in 674 adolescents meeting no/low alcohol or drug use criteria and 134 adolescents exceeding criteria. Spatial integrity of images across the 5 recruitment sites was assured by morphological scaling using Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative phantom-derived volume scalar metrics. Clinical MRI readings identified structural anomalies in 11.4%. Cortical volume and thickness were smaller and white matter volumes were larger in older than in younger adolescents. Effects of sex (male > female) and ethnicity (majority > minority) were significant for volume and surface but minimal for cortical thickness. Adjusting volume and area for supratentorial volume attenuated or removed sex and ethnicity effects. That cortical thickness showed age-related decline and was unrelated to supratentorial volume is consistent with the radial unit hypothesis, suggesting a universal neural development characteristic robust to sex and ethnicity. Comparison of NCANDA with PING data revealed similar but flatter, age-related declines in cortical volumes and thickness. Smaller, thinner frontal, and temporal cortices in the exceeds-criteria than no/low-drinking group suggested untoward effects of excessive alcohol consumption on brain structural development.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Etnicidade , Puberdade , Caracteres Sexuais , Substância Branca/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adolescente , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Substância Cinzenta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Achados Incidentais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Brainhack events offer a novel workshop format with participant-generated content that caters to the rapidly growing open neuroscience community. Including components from hackathons and unconferences, as well as parallel educational sessions, Brainhack fosters novel collaborations around the interests of its attendees. Here we provide an overview of its structure, past events, and example projects. Additionally, we outline current innovations such as regional events and post-conference publications. Through introducing Brainhack to the wider neuroscience community, we hope to provide a unique conference format that promotes the features of collaborative, open science.