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1.
Cereb Cortex ; 32(6): 1131-1141, 2022 03 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34398230

RESUMO

Self-reflection and thinking about the thoughts and behaviors of others are important skills for humans to function in the social world. These two processes overlap in terms of the component processes involved, and share overlapping functional organizations within the human brain, in particular within the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Several functional models have been proposed to explain these two processes, but none has directly explored the extent to which they are distinctly represented within different parts of the brain. This study used multivoxel pattern classification to quantify the separability of self- and other-related thought in the MPFC and expanded this question to the entire brain. Using a large-scale mega-analytic dataset, spanning three separate studies (n = 142), we find that self- and other-related thought can be reliably distinguished above chance within the MPFC, posterior cingulate cortex and temporal lobes. We highlight subcomponents of the ventral MPFC that are particularly important in representing self-related thought, and subcomponents of the orbitofrontal cortex robustly involved in representing other-related thought. Our findings indicate that representations of self- and other-related thought in the human brain are described best by a distributed pattern rather than stark localization or a purely ventral to dorsal linear gradient in the MPFC.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Giro do Cíngulo , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Autoimagem , Lobo Temporal
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 115(40): 9974-9979, 2018 10 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30224461

RESUMO

Self-transcendence refers to a shift in mindset from focusing on self-interests to the well-being of others. We offer an integrative neural model of self-transcendence in the context of persuasive messaging by examining the mechanisms of self-transcendence in promoting receptivity to health messages and behavior change. Specifically, we posited that focusing on values and activities that transcend the self can allow people to see that their self-worth is not tied to a specific behavior in question, and in turn become more receptive to subsequent, otherwise threatening health information. To test whether inducing self-transcendent mindsets before message delivery would help overcome defensiveness and increase receptivity, we used two priming tasks, affirmation and compassion, to elicit a transcendent mindset among 220 sedentary adults. As preregistered, those who completed a self-transcendence task before health message exposure, compared with controls, showed greater increases in objectively logged levels of physical activity throughout the following month. In the brain, self-transcendence tasks up-regulated activity in a region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, chosen for its role in positive valuation and reward processing. During subsequent health message exposure, self-transcendence priming was associated with increased activity in subregions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, implicated in self-related processing and positive valuation, which predicted later decreases in sedentary behavior. The present findings suggest that having a positive self-transcendent mindset can increase behavior change, in part by increasing neural receptivity to health messaging.


Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
3.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(11): 2881-2886, 2017 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28242678

RESUMO

Information sharing is an integral part of human interaction that serves to build social relationships and affects attitudes and behaviors in individuals and large groups. We present a unifying neurocognitive framework of mechanisms underlying information sharing at scale (virality). We argue that expectations regarding self-related and social consequences of sharing (e.g., in the form of potential for self-enhancement or social approval) are integrated into a domain-general value signal that encodes the value of sharing a piece of information. This value signal translates into population-level virality. In two studies (n = 41 and 39 participants), we tested these hypotheses using functional neuroimaging. Neural activity in response to 80 New York Times articles was observed in theory-driven regions of interest associated with value, self, and social cognitions. This activity then was linked to objectively logged population-level data encompassing n = 117,611 internet shares of the articles. In both studies, activity in neural regions associated with self-related and social cognition was indirectly related to population-level sharing through increased neural activation in the brain's value system. Neural activity further predicted population-level outcomes over and above the variance explained by article characteristics and commonly used self-report measures of sharing intentions. This parsimonious framework may help advance theory, improve predictive models, and inform new approaches to effective intervention. More broadly, these data shed light on the core functions of sharing-to express ourselves in positive ways and to strengthen our social bonds.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Neuroimagem Funcional/métodos , Disseminação de Informação , Internet , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , New York
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 112(7): 1977-82, 2015 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25646442

RESUMO

Health communications can be an effective way to increase positive health behaviors and decrease negative health behaviors; however, those at highest risk are often most defensive and least open to such messages. For example, increasing physical activity among sedentary individuals affects a wide range of important mental and physical health outcomes, but has proven a challenging task. Affirming core values (i.e., self-affirmation) before message exposure is a psychological technique that can increase the effectiveness of a wide range of interventions in health and other domains; however, the neural mechanisms of affirmation's effects have not been studied. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural processes associated with affirmation effects during exposure to potentially threatening health messages. We focused on an a priori defined region of interest (ROI) in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a brain region selected for its association with self-related processing and positive valuation. Consistent with our hypotheses, those in the self-affirmation condition produced more activity in VMPFC during exposure to health messages and went on to increase their objectively measured activity levels more. These findings suggest that affirmation of core values may exert its effects by allowing at-risk individuals to see the self-relevance and value in otherwise-threatening messages.


Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Comportamento Sedentário
5.
Neuroimage ; 157: 118-128, 2017 08 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28578131

RESUMO

Neural activity in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), identified as engaging in self-related processing, predicts later health behavior change. However, it is unknown to what extent individual differences in neural representation of content and lived experience influence this brain-behavior relationship. We examined whether the strength of content-specific representations during persuasive messaging relates to later behavior change, and whether these relationships change as a function of individuals' social network composition. In our study, smokers viewed anti-smoking messages while undergoing fMRI and we measured changes in their smoking behavior one month later. Using representational similarity analyses, we found that the degree to which message content (i.e. health, social, or valence information) was represented in a self-related processing MPFC region was associated with later smoking behavior, with increased representations of negatively valenced (risk) information corresponding to greater message-consistent behavior change. Furthermore, the relationship between representations and behavior change depended on social network composition: smokers who had proportionally fewer smokers in their network showed increases in smoking behavior when social or health content was strongly represented in MPFC, whereas message-consistent behavior (i.e., less smoking) was more likely for those with proportionally more smokers in their social network who represented social or health consequences more strongly. These results highlight the dynamic relationship between representations in MPFC and key outcomes such as health behavior change; a complete understanding of the role of MPFC in motivation and action should take into account individual differences in neural representation of stimulus attributes and social context variables such as social network composition.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/fisiologia , Motivação/fisiologia , Comunicação Persuasiva , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Fumar , Apoio Social , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
6.
Psychol Sci ; 28(7): 851-861, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28504911

RESUMO

Humans routinely share information with one another. What drives this behavior? We used neuroimaging to test an account of information selection and sharing that emphasizes inherent reward in self-reflection and connecting with other people. Participants underwent functional MRI while they considered personally reading and sharing New York Times articles. Activity in neural regions involved in positive valuation, self-related processing, and taking the perspective of others was significantly associated with decisions to select and share articles, and scaled with preferences to do so. Activity in all three sets of regions was greater when participants considered sharing articles with other people rather than selecting articles to read themselves. The findings suggest that people may consider value not only to themselves but also to others even when selecting news articles to consume personally. Further, sharing heightens activity in these pathways, in line with our proposal that humans derive value from self-reflection and connecting to others via sharing.


Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Neuroimagem Funcional/métodos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Adolescente , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Recompensa , Comportamento Social , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Cogn Neurosci ; 27(1): 83-95, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25100217

RESUMO

Adolescence is a period characterized by increased sensitivity to social cues, as well as increased risk-taking in the presence of peers. For example, automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, and driving with peers increases the risk of a fatal crash. Growing evidence points to an interaction between neural systems implicated in cognitive control and social and emotional context in predicting adolescent risk. We tested such a relationship in recently licensed teen drivers. Participants completed an fMRI session in which neural activity was measured during a response inhibition task, followed by a separate driving simulator session 1 week later. Participants drove alone and with a peer who was randomly assigned to express risk-promoting or risk-averse social norms. The experimentally manipulated social context during the simulated drive moderated the relationship between individual differences in neural activity in the hypothesized cognitive control network (right inferior frontal gyrus, BG) and risk-taking in the driving context a week later. Increased activity in the response inhibition network was not associated with risk-taking in the presence of a risky peer but was significantly predictive of safer driving in the presence of a cautious peer, above and beyond self-reported susceptibility to peer pressure. Individual differences in recruitment of the response inhibition network may allow those with stronger inhibitory control to override risky tendencies when in the presence of cautious peers. This relationship between social context and individual differences in brain function expands our understanding of neural systems involved in top-down cognitive control during adolescent development.


Assuntos
Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Grupo Associado , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mapeamento Encefálico , Simulação por Computador , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Humanos , Individualidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Assunção de Riscos , Autorrelato
8.
Commun Monogr ; 82(1): 31-63, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27642220

RESUMO

Social connection is a fundamental human need. As such, people's brains are sensitized to social cues, such as those carried by language, and to promoting social communication. The neural mechanisms of certain key building blocks in this process, such as receptivity to and reproduction of social language, however, are not known. We combined quantitative linguistic analysis and neuroimaging to connect neural activity in brain regions used to simulate the mental states of others with exposure to, and re-transmission of, social language. Our results link findings on successful idea transmission from communication science, sociolinguistics and cognitive neuroscience to prospectively predict the degree of social language that participants utilize when re-transmitting ideas as a function of 1) initial language inputs and 2) neural activity during idea exposure.

9.
Behav Brain Sci ; 37(1): 94-5, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24572235

RESUMO

Bentley et al. argue for the social scientific contextualization of "big data" by proposing a four-quadrant model. We suggest extensions of the east-west (i.e., socially motivated versus independently motivated) decision-making dimension in light of findings from social psychology and neuroscience. We outline a method that leverages linguistic tools to connect insights across fields that address the individuals underlying big-data media streams.


Assuntos
Coleta de Dados , Tomada de Decisões , Comportamento Social , Rede Social , Humanos
10.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(1)2023 01 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36672972

RESUMO

(1) Background: Hypodontia has a multifactorial aetiology, in which genetic factors are a major component. Associated with this congenital absence, the formed teeth may show differences in size and shape, which may vary with the specific genetic variants and with the location of the missing teeth. The aims of the present study were to investigate a specific variant of MSX1, derive morphometric tooth measurements in a sample of patients with isolated maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and matched controls, and model the findings. (2) Methods: Genotyping of the MSX1 rs8670 genetic variant and morphometric measurements with a 2D image analysis method were performed for 26 hypodontia patients and 26 matched controls. (3) Results: The risk of upper lateral incisor agenesis was 6.9 times higher when the T allele was present. The morphometric parameters showed significant differences between hypodontia patients and controls and between the unilateral and bilateral agenesis cases. The most affected crown dimension in the hypodontia patients was the bucco-lingual dimension. In crown shape there was significant variation the Carabelli trait in upper first molars. (4) Conclusions: The MSX1 rs8670 variant was associated with variations in morphological outcomes. The new findings for compensatory interactions between the maxillary incisors indicate that epigenetic and environmental factors interact with this genetic variant. A single-level directional complex interactive network model incorporates the variations seen in this study.


Assuntos
Anodontia , Perda de Dente , Humanos , Anodontia/diagnóstico por imagem , Anodontia/genética , Incisivo/anormalidades , Fenótipo , Alelos
11.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 60: 101215, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36841181

RESUMO

Social influence affects us throughout our lives, shaping our attitudes, behaviors, and preferences. Thus, the current study aimed to examine whether key age groups (adolescence versus young adulthood) were associated with differences in neural correlates associated with processing social feedback and conformity (i.e., conflict detection, positive valuation, and mentalizing) among young men. We recruited 153 participants across 5 studies, who completed a social influence task during an fMRI scan. Overall, participants were more likely to conform by changing their ratings when misaligned with others, and adolescents were more likely to conform when misaligned (compared to aligned) with others compared to young adults. Further, we found that adolescents showed increased activity in mentalizing (TPJ, dmPFC) and positive valuation regions (VS, vmPFC), compared to young adults, in response to misalignment with others. In contrast, young adults showed increased activity in conflict detection regions (AI, dACC) when exposed to feedback that they were misaligned with others and when conforming to that feedback. Overall, our results offer initial evidence that adolescent and young adult men engage different neural processes when they find out they are misaligned with others and when conforming to the recommendations of others, and this difference appears to track with brain responses in conflict detection, mentalizing and value regions. DATA STATEMENT: Raw data and analysis codes are available upon request.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Comportamento Social , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Atitude , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética
12.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 11196, 2021 05 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34045543

RESUMO

Word of mouth recommendations influence a wide range of choices and behaviors. What takes place in the mind of recommendation receivers that determines whether they will be successfully influenced? Prior work suggests that brain systems implicated in assessing the value of stimuli (i.e., subjective valuation) and understanding others' mental states (i.e., mentalizing) play key roles. The current study used neuroimaging and natural language classifiers to extend these findings in a naturalistic context and tested the extent to which the two systems work together or independently in responding to social influence. First, we show that in response to text-based social media recommendations, activity in both the brain's valuation system and mentalizing system was associated with greater likelihood of opinion change. Second, participants were more likely to update their opinions in response to negative, compared to positive, recommendations, with activity in the mentalizing system scaling with the negativity of the recommendations. Third, decreased functional connectivity between valuation and mentalizing systems was associated with opinion change. Results highlight the role of brain regions involved in mentalizing and positive valuation in recommendation propagation, and further show that mentalizing may be particularly key in processing negative recommendations, whereas the valuation system is relevant in evaluating both positive and negative recommendations.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mentalização/fisiologia , Influência dos Pares , Mídias Sociais , Percepção Social , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Processamento de Linguagem Natural
13.
Front Hum Neurosci ; 14: 565772, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33100997

RESUMO

What are the key ingredients that make some persuasive messages resonate with audiences and elicit action, while others fail? Billions of dollars per year are put towards changing human behavior, but it is difficult to know which messages will be the most persuasive in the field. By combining novel neuroimaging techniques and large-scale online data, we examine the role of key health communication variables relevant to motivating action at scale. We exposed a sample of smokers to anti-smoking web-banner messages from a real-world campaign while measuring message-evoked brain response patterns via fMRI, and we also obtained subjective evaluations of each banner. Neural indices were derived based on: (i) message-evoked activity in specific brain regions; and (ii) spatially distributed response patterns, both selected based on prior research and theoretical considerations. Next, we connected the neural and subjective data with an independent, objective outcome of message success, which is the per-banner click-through rate in the real-world campaign. Results show that messages evoking brain responses more similar to signatures of negative emotion and vividness had lower online click-through-rates. This strategy helps to connect and integrate the rapidly growing body of knowledge about brain function with formative research and outcome evaluation of health campaigns, and could ultimately further disease prevention efforts.

14.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 15(8): 827-837, 2020 10 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32761131

RESUMO

The social environment an individual is embedded in influences their ability and motivation to engage self-control processes, but little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this effect. Many individuals successfully regulate their behavior even when they do not show strong activation in canonical self-control brain regions. Thus, individuals may rely on other resources to compensate, including daily experiences navigating and managing complex social relationships that likely bolster self-control processes. Here, we employed a network neuroscience approach to investigate the role of social context and social brain systems in facilitating self-control in adolescents. We measured brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as 62 adolescents completed a Go/No-Go response inhibition task. We found that self-referential brain systems compensate for weaker activation in executive function brain systems, especially for adolescents with more friends and more communities in their social networks. Collectively, our results indicate a critical role for self-referential brain systems during the developmental trajectory of self-control throughout adolescence.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Autocontrole , Meio Social , Rede Social , Adolescente , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino
15.
Media Psychol ; 22(2): 323-349, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30886543

RESUMO

Health communication delivered via media channels can substantially influence adolescents' choices, and the effects of messages are amplified through interpersonal sharing. However, the underlying psychological and neurocognitive mechanisms that influence message effectiveness and likelihood of sharing are not well understood, especially among adolescents. Based on research in adults, we hypothesized and preregistered that message-induced neural activation in regions associated with self-reflection, social processing, and positive valuation would be related to greater perceived ad effectiveness and intentions to share messages. We focused on brain activity in meta-analytically defined regions associated with these three processes as 40 adolescent nonsmokers viewed advertisements from "The Real Cost" antismoking campaign. Perceived message effectiveness was positively associated with brain activity in the hypothesized social processing regions and marginally associated with brain activity in self-relevance regions, but not associated with brain activity in valuation regions. By contrast, intentions to share the messages were not associated with neural response in these 3 systems. In contrast to previous neuroimaging studies with adult subjects, our findings highlight the role of social cognition in adolescent processing of persuasive messages. We discuss the possibility that the mental processes responsive to effective and shareworthy messages may reflect developmental processes pertinent to media effects.

16.
Front Psychol ; 10: 1619, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31396126

RESUMO

Social exclusion has the potential to alter subsequent social interactions with the members of personal networks, especially given their online availability in contemporary life. Nonetheless, there is minimal research examining how social challenges such as exclusion alter ensuing interactions with personal ties. Here, we tested whether being excluded during a social interaction changed which relationships are most salient in an ostensibly unrelated, online news sharing task. Across three operationalizations of tie strength, exclusion (vs. inclusion) increased sharing to close friends, but (unexpectedly) decreased sharing to close family members. The findings provide preliminary evidence that negative encounters may shift attention toward certain types of network ties and away from others. Future work is needed to examine how social experiences influence personal network scope - i.e., who comes to mind - in the background of daily life.

17.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 16037, 2018 10 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30375417

RESUMO

Humans are driven to pursue and preserve social relationships, and these motivations are reinforced through biological systems. In particular, individual differences in the tuning of biological systems that respond to social threats may motivate individuals to seek out differently structured social environments. Drawing on a sample of adolescent males who underwent fMRI brain imaging (n = 74) and contributed Facebook data, we examined whether biological responses to a common scenario - being excluded from an activity with peers - was associated with their social network structure. We find that neural responses during social exclusion in a priori hypothesized "social pain" regions of the brain (dACC, AI, subACC) are associated with the density and transitivity of core friendship networks. These findings suggest that neural reactivity to exclusion may be one factor that underlies network "safety". More broadly, the study shows the potential of linking social cognitive tendencies to social structural properties.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Distância Psicológica , Comportamento Social , Meio Social , Adolescente , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Rede Social , Adulto Jovem
18.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 13(2): 182-191, 2018 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29529310

RESUMO

Individuals react differently to social experiences; for example, people who are more sensitive to negative social experiences, such as being excluded, may be more likely to adapt their behavior to fit in with others. We examined whether functional brain connectivity during social exclusion in the fMRI scanner can be used to predict subsequent conformity to peer norms. Adolescent males (n = 57) completed a two-part study on teen driving risk: a social exclusion task (Cyberball) during an fMRI session and a subsequent driving simulator session in which they drove alone and in the presence of a peer who expressed risk-averse or risk-accepting driving norms. We computed the difference in functional connectivity between social exclusion and social inclusion from each node in the brain to nodes in two brain networks, one previously associated with mentalizing (medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, precuneus, temporal poles) and another with social pain (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula). Using predictive modeling, this measure of global connectivity during exclusion predicted the extent of conformity to peer pressure during driving in the subsequent experimental session. These findings extend our understanding of how global neural dynamics guide social behavior, revealing functional network activity that captures individual differences.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Rejeição em Psicologia , Conformidade Social , Meio Social , Adolescente , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Humanos , Individualidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Assunção de Riscos , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia
19.
Mindfulness (N Y) ; 8(2): 387-397, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28344683

RESUMO

Feelings can shape how people respond to persuasive messages. In health communication, adaptive affective responses to potentially threating messages constitute one key to intervention success. The current study tested dispositional mindfulness, characterized by awareness of the present moment, as a predictor of adaptive affective responses to potentially threatening health messages and desirable subsequent health outcomes. Both general and discrete negative affective states (i.e., shame) were examined in relation to mindfulness and intervention success. Individuals (n=67) who reported less than 195 weekly minutes of exercise were recruited. At baseline, participants' dispositional mindfulness and exercise outcomes were assessed, including self-reported exercise motivation and physical activity. A week later, all participants were presented with potentially threatening and self-relevant health messages encouraging physical activity and discouraging sedentary lifestyle, and their subsequent affective response and exercise motivation were assessed. Approximately one month later, changes in exercise motivation and physical activity were assessed again. In addition, participants' level of daily physical activity was monitored by a wrist worn accelerometer throughout the entire duration of the study. Higher dispositional mindfulness predicted greater increases in exercise motivation one month after the intervention. Importantly, this effect was fully mediated by lower negative affect and shame specifically, in response to potentially threatening health messages among highly mindful individuals. Baseline mindfulness was also associated with increased self-reported vigorous activity, but not with daily physical activity as assessed by accelerometers. These findings suggest potential benefits of considering mindfulness as an active individual difference variable in theories of affective processing and health communication.

20.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 12(1): 61-69, 2017 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28100830

RESUMO

Ideas spread across social networks, but not everyone is equally positioned to be a successful recommender. Do individuals with more opportunities to connect otherwise unconnected others-high information brokers-use their brains differently than low information brokers when making recommendations? We test the hypothesis that those with more opportunities for information brokerage may use brain systems implicated in considering the thoughts, perspectives, and mental states of others (i.e. 'mentalizing') more when spreading ideas. We used social network analysis to quantify individuals' opportunities for information brokerage. This served as a predictor of activity within meta-analytically defined neural regions associated with mentalizing (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporal parietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, /posterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus) as participants received feedback about peer opinions of mobile game apps. Higher information brokers exhibited more activity in this mentalizing network when receiving divergent peer feedback and updating their recommendation. These data support the idea that those in different network positions may use their brains differently to perform social tasks. Different social network positions might provide more opportunities to engage specific psychological processes. Or those who tend to engage such processes more may place themselves in systematically different network positions. These data highlight the value of integrating levels of analysis, from brain networks to social networks.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Rede Social , Apoio Social , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Adolescente , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Humanos , Masculino , Aplicativos Móveis , Jogos de Vídeo
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