Smart waterborne disease control for a scalable population using biodynamic model in IoT network.

We propose a biodynamic model for managing waterborne diseases over an Internet of Things (IoT) network, leveraging the scalability of LoRa IoT technology to accommodate a growing human population. The model, based on fractional order derivatives (FOD), enables smart prediction and control of pathogens that cause waterborne diseases using IoT infrastructure. The human-pathogen-based biodynamic FOD model utilises epidemic parameters (SVIRT: susceptibility, vaccination, infection, recovery, and treatment) transmitted over the IoT network to predict pathogenic contamination in water reservoirs and dumpsites in Iji-Nike, Enugu, the study community in Nigeria. These pathogens contribute to person-to-person, water-to-person, and dumpsite-to-person transmission of disease vectors. Five control measures are proposed: potable water supply, treatment, vaccination, adequate sanitation, and health education campaigns. A stable disease-free equilibrium point is found when the effective reproduction number of the pathogens, R0eff<1 and unstable if R0eff>1. While other studies showed a 98.2% reduction in infections when using IoT alone, this paper demonstrates that combining the SVIRT epidemic control parameters (such as potable water supply and health education campaign) with IoT achieves a 99.89% reduction in infected human populations and a 99.56% reduction in pathogen populations in water reservoirs. Furthermore, integrating treatment with sanitation results in a 99.97% reduction in infected populations. Finally, combining these five control strategies nearly eliminates infection and pathogen populations, demonstrating the effectiveness of multifaceted approaches in public health and environmental management. This study provides a blueprint for governments to plan sustainable smart cities for a growing population, ensuring potable water free from pathogenic contamination,in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and #11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

Utilizing mechatronic agilent gas chromatography to validate therapeutic efficacy of Combretum paniculatum against oxidative stress and inflammation.

The quest for novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medications from medicinal plants is crucial since the plants contain bioactive compounds with a better efficacy and safety profile than orthodox therapy. This study harnesses the capabilities of mechatronics-driven Agilent Gas Chromatography, deploying in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models to unravel the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes within Combretum paniculatum ethanol extract (CPEE). Employing gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), our analysis efficiently segregates and evaluates volatile compound mixtures, a technique renowned for identifying organic compounds, as exemplified by its success in detecting fatty acids in food and resin acids in water. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID analyses, this paper ascertains the comprehensive phytochemical composition of CPEE. Also, Molecular interactions of identified compounds with cyclooxygenase (COX-2) implicated in inflammatory urpsurge is verified. GC-MS and GC-FID analyses unveil 41 phytoconstituents within CPEE. Based on the in vitro research, CPEE demonstrated potential in inhibiting thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, nitric oxide, and phospholipase lipase A2 with inhibition rates of 2.284, 6.547, and 66.8 µg/mL respectively. In vivo experiments confirm CPEE's efficacy in inhibiting granuloma tissue formation, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil counts compared to untreated rats. Moreover, CPEE elicited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH concentrations while decreasing C-reactive protein, signifying promising therapeutic potential. Highlighting interactions between top-scoring phytoligands (epicatechin, catechin, and kaempferol) and COX-2, the findings underscore their drug-like characteristics, favorable pharmacokinetics, and enhanced safety toxicity profiles. Results from in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, highlights CPEE remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.

Gaps in pediatric emergency medicine education of emergency medicine residents: A needs assessment of recent graduates.

Background: More than 90% of pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are evaluated and treated in community-based EDs. Recent evidence suggests that mortality outcomes may be worse for critically ill pediatric patients treated at community EDs. The disparate mortality outcomes may be due to inconsistency in pediatric-specific education provided to emergency medicine (EM) trainees during residency training. There are few studies surveying recently graduated EM physicians assessing perceived gaps in the pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) education they received during residency. Methods: This was a prospective, survey-based, descriptive cohort study of EM residency graduates from 10 institutions across the United States who were <5 years out from residency training. Deidentified surveys were distributed via email. Results: A total of 222 responses were obtained from 570 eligible participants (39.1%). Non-ED pediatric rotations during residency training included pediatric intensive care (60%), pediatric anesthesia (32.4%), neonatal intensive care unit (26.1%), and pediatric wards (17.1%). A large percentage (42.8%) of respondents felt uncomfortable managing neonates and performing tube thoracostomy on pediatric patients (56.3%). The EM graduate's satisfaction with pediatric simulation-based training during residency was positively associated with comfort caring for neonates and infants (p < 0.0070 and p < 0.0002) and performing endotracheal intubation (p < 0.0027), lumbar puncture (p < 0.0004), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support resuscitation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions/discussion: This survey-based cohort study found considerable variation in pediatric-specific experiences during EM residency training and in perceived comfort managing pediatric patients. In general, participants were more comfortable managing older children. This study suggests that the greatest perceived knowledge gaps in PEM were neonatal medicine/resuscitation and pediatric cardiac arrest. Future research will continue to address larger cohorts, representative of the PEM education provided to EM physicians in the United States to promote future educational initiatives.