1st International Conference on Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan.

Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), organised a two day's conference on Biomedical Sciences. IBMS being the part of one of the largest public sector health universities of Pakistan, is now transforming the research trends to be effectively translated at the community level. Currently with a strong PhD faculty line in basic and clinical sciences, DUHS has a significant contribution in research output of the country. The scientific data however represents a small population per scientific study and the generalization of results may not be inferred. It must be extended through translational research for effectiveness. The conference was planned with a theme to bridge the gap between basic and translational research. The two day's conference conducted in second week of March 2023 at Dow International Medical College Ojha Campus DUHS was able to attract more than 300 participants. The scientific sessions encompassed a vast variety of health issues and their proposed solutions including neurosciences, virtual biopsies, metabolomics, medical writings and incorporation of engineering and artificial intelligence to facilitate detection and prognosis of disease. The conference was able to conclude that the multidisciplinary research studies with collaboration of two or more institutes/organizations are the need of time. Young researchers need an effective platform to showcase their research and make collaborations. Moreover, the incorporation of artificial intelligence would enhance patient care within health systems.

COVID-19 detection and analysis from lung CT images using novel channel boosted CNNs.

In December 2019, the global pandemic COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, affected human life and the worldwide economy. Therefore, an efficient diagnostic system is required to control its spread. However, the automatic diagnostic system poses challenges with a limited amount of labeled data, minor contrast variation, and high structural similarity between infection and background. In this regard, a new two-phase deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based diagnostic system is proposed to detect minute irregularities and analyze COVID-19 infection. In the first phase, a novel SB-STM-BRNet CNN is developed, incorporating a new channel Squeezed and Boosted (SB) and dilated convolutional-based Split-Transform-Merge (STM) block to detect COVID-19 infected lung CT images. The new STM blocks performed multi-path region-smoothing and boundary operations, which helped to learn minor contrast variation and global COVID-19 specific patterns. Furthermore, the diverse boosted channels are achieved using the SB and Transfer Learning concepts in STM blocks to learn texture variation between COVID-19-specific and healthy images. In the second phase, COVID-19 infected images are provided to the novel COVID-CB-RESeg segmentation CNN to identify and analyze COVID-19 infectious regions. The proposed COVID-CB-RESeg methodically employed region-homogeneity and heterogeneity operations in each encoder-decoder block and boosted-decoder using auxiliary channels to simultaneously learn the low illumination and boundaries of the COVID-19 infected region. The proposed diagnostic system yields good performance in terms of accuracy: 98.21 %, F-score: 98.24%, Dice Similarity: 96.40 %, and IOU: 98.85 % for the COVID-19 infected region. The proposed diagnostic system would reduce the burden and strengthen the radiologist's decision for a fast and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis.

Evaluating dual exposure by using climate-conflict vulnerability index on the coastal districts of Sindh, Pakistan.

Climate variability is widely recognized as a major concern, particularly in resource-scarce regions where it limits livelihood opportunities by putting additional strain on already depleting resources, resulting in human insecurity and conflicts. Some vulnerability assessments have created a nexus between climate variability and conflicts. The Climate-Water Conflict Vulnerability Index (CWCVI) and the Climate-Agriculture Conflict Vulnerability Index (CACVI) are applied as a tool for exploring the climate and conflict interactions, as well as contrasting the vulnerabilities of the coastal districts of Badin, Thatta, and Sujawal. The analysis incorporates a dual exposure of communities in the form of climate variability and conflict over water and agricultural resources. The study finds that aggression and feelings of insecurity about depleting resources are the main contributing indicators of climate-conflict vulnerability in the coastal districts. District Sujawal showed higher vulnerability in adaptive capacity as compared to the other districts due to poor infrastructure and high dependency on natural resources. However, the district of Badin demonstrated high vulnerability in terms of sensitivity and its exposure to conflicts over agricultural resources is high. The overall CWCVI and CACVI scores were higher in Badin and Thatta, respectively. This study identifies a number of indicators that can be used to improve the efficacy of mitigation strategies to reduce conflict vulnerability in future policy directions and resource planning.

DMDF-Net: Dual multiscale dilated fusion network for accurate segmentation of lesions related to COVID-19 in lung radiographic scans.

The recent disaster of COVID-19 has brought the whole world to the verge of devastation because of its highly transmissible nature. In this pandemic, radiographic imaging modalities, particularly, computed tomography (CT), have shown remarkable performance for the effective diagnosis of this virus. However, the diagnostic assessment of CT data is a human-dependent process that requires sufficient time by expert radiologists. Recent developments in artificial intelligence have substituted several personal diagnostic procedures with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods that can make an effective diagnosis, even in real time. In response to COVID-19, various CAD methods have been developed in the literature, which can detect and localize infectious regions in chest CT images. However, most existing methods do not provide cross-data analysis, which is an essential measure for assessing the generality of a CAD method. A few studies have performed cross-data analysis in their methods. Nevertheless, these methods show limited results in real-world scenarios without addressing generality issues. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to address generality issues and propose a deep learning-based CAD solution for the diagnosis of COVID-19 lesions from chest CT images. We propose a dual multiscale dilated fusion network (DMDF-Net) for the robust segmentation of small lesions in a given CT image. The proposed network mainly utilizes the strength of multiscale deep features fusion inside the encoder and decoder modules in a mutually beneficial manner to achieve superior segmentation performance. Additional pre- and post-processing steps are introduced in the proposed method to address the generality issues and further improve the diagnostic performance. Mainly, the concept of post-region of interest (ROI) fusion is introduced in the post-processing step, which reduces the number of false-positives and provides a way to accurately quantify the infected area of lung. Consequently, the proposed framework outperforms various state-of-the-art methods by accomplishing superior infection segmentation results with an average Dice similarity coefficient of 75.7%, Intersection over Union of 67.22%, Average Precision of 69.92%, Sensitivity of 72.78%, Specificity of 99.79%, Enhance-Alignment Measure of 91.11%, and Mean Absolute Error of 0.026.

Restoration of Motion Blurred Image by Modified DeblurGAN for Enhancing the Accuracies of Finger-Vein Recognition.

Among many available biometrics identification methods, finger-vein recognition has an advantage that is difficult to counterfeit, as finger veins are located under the skin, and high user convenience as a non-invasive image capturing device is used for recognition. However, blurring can occur when acquiring finger-vein images, and such blur can be mainly categorized into three types. First, skin scattering blur due to light scattering in the skin layer; second, optical blur occurs due to lens focus mismatching; and third, motion blur exists due to finger movements. Blurred images generated in these kinds of blur can significantly reduce finger-vein recognition performance. Therefore, restoration of blurred finger-vein images is necessary. Most of the previous studies have addressed the restoration method of skin scattering blurred images and some of the studies have addressed the restoration method of optically blurred images. However, there has been no research on restoration methods of motion blurred finger-vein images that can occur in actual environments. To address this problem, this study proposes a new method for improving the finger-vein recognition performance by restoring motion blurred finger-vein images using a modified deblur generative adversarial network (modified DeblurGAN). Based on an experiment conducted using two open databases, the Shandong University homologous multi-modal traits (SDUMLA-HMT) finger-vein database and Hong Kong Polytechnic University finger-image database version 1, the proposed method demonstrates outstanding performance that is better than those obtained using state-of-the-art methods.

Light-weighted ensemble network with multilevel activation visualization for robust diagnosis of COVID19 pneumonia from large-scale chest radiographic database.

Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has killed more than one million people worldwide. In the present outbreak, radiological imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and X-rays are being used to diagnose this disease, particularly in the early stage. However, the assessment of radiographic images includes a subjective evaluation that is time-consuming and requires substantial clinical skills. Nevertheless, the recent evolution in artificial intelligence (AI) has further strengthened the ability of computer-aided diagnosis tools and supported medical professionals in making effective diagnostic decisions. Therefore, in this study, the strength of various AI algorithms was analyzed to diagnose COVID19 infection from large-scale radiographic datasets. Based on this analysis, a light-weighted deep network is proposed, which is the first ensemble design (based on MobileNet, ShuffleNet, and FCNet) in medical domain (particularly for COVID19 diagnosis) that encompasses the reduced number of trainable parameters (a total of 3.16 million parameters) and outperforms the various existing models. Moreover, the addition of a multilevel activation visualization layer in the proposed network further visualizes the lesion patterns as multilevel class activation maps (ML-CAMs) along with the diagnostic result (either COVID19 positive or negative). Such additional output as ML-CAMs provides a visual insight of the computer decision and may assist radiologists in validating it, particularly in uncertain situations Additionally, a novel hierarchical training procedure was adopted to perform the training of the proposed network. It proceeds the network training by the adaptive number of epochs based on the validation dataset rather than using the fixed number of epochs. The quantitative results show the better performance of the proposed training method over the conventional end-to-end training procedure. A large collection of CT-scan and X-ray datasets (based on six publicly available datasets) was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and other baseline methods. The experimental results of the proposed network exhibit a promising performance in terms of diagnostic decision. An average F1 score (F1) of 94.60% and 95.94% and area under the curve (AUC) of 97.50% and 97.99% are achieved for the CT-scan and X-ray datasets, respectively. Finally, the detailed comparative analysis reveals that the proposed model outperforms the various state-of-the-art methods in terms of both quantitative and computational performance.

Automated Diagnosis of Various Gastrointestinal Lesions Using a Deep Learning-Based Classification and Retrieval Framework With a Large Endoscopic Database: Model Development and Validation.

BACKGROUND: The early diagnosis of various gastrointestinal diseases can lead to effective treatment and reduce the risk of many life-threatening conditions. Unfortunately, various small gastrointestinal lesions are undetectable during early-stage examination by medical experts. In previous studies, various deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis tools have been used to make a significant contribution to the effective diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, most of these methods were designed to detect a limited number of gastrointestinal diseases, such as polyps, tumors, or cancers, in a specific part of the human gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive computer-aided diagnosis tool to assist medical experts in diagnosing various types of gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: Our proposed framework comprises a deep learning-based classification network followed by a retrieval method. In the first step, the classification network predicts the disease type for the current medical condition. Then, the retrieval part of the framework shows the relevant cases (endoscopic images) from the previous database. These past cases help the medical expert validate the current computer prediction subjectively, which ultimately results in better diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: All the experiments were performed using 2 endoscopic data sets with a total of 52,471 frames and 37 different classes. The optimal performances obtained by our proposed method in accuracy, F1 score, mean average precision, and mean average recall were 96.19%, 96.99%, 98.18%, and 95.86%, respectively. The overall performance of our proposed diagnostic framework substantially outperformed state-of-the-art methods. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive computer-aided diagnosis framework for identifying various types of gastrointestinal diseases. The results show the superiority of our proposed method over various other recent methods and illustrate its potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Our proposed network can be applicable to other classification domains in medical imaging, such as computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound sequences.

Deep Learning-Based Detection of Pigment Signs for Analysis and Diagnosis of Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Ophthalmological analysis plays a vital role in the diagnosis of various eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. RP is a genetic retinal disorder that leads to progressive vision degeneration and initially causes night blindness. Currently, the most commonly applied method for diagnosing retinal diseases is optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based disease analysis. In contrast, fundus imaging-based disease diagnosis is considered a low-cost diagnostic solution for retinal diseases. This study focuses on the detection of RP from the fundus image, which is a crucial task because of the low quality of fundus images and non-cooperative image acquisition conditions. Automatic detection of pigment signs in fundus images can help ophthalmologists and medical practitioners in diagnosing and analyzing RP disorders. To accurately segment pigment signs for diagnostic purposes, we present an automatic RP segmentation network (RPS-Net), which is a specifically designed deep learning-based semantic segmentation network to accurately detect and segment the pigment signs with fewer trainable parameters. Compared with the conventional deep learning methods, the proposed method applies a feature enhancement policy through multiple dense connections between the convolutional layers, which enables the network to discriminate between normal and diseased eyes, and accurately segment the diseased area from the background. Because pigment spots can be very small and consist of very few pixels, the RPS-Net provides fine segmentation, even in the case of degraded images, by importing high-frequency information from the preceding layers through concatenation inside and outside the encoder-decoder. To evaluate the proposed RPS-Net, experiments were performed based on 4-fold cross-validation using the publicly available Retinal Images for Pigment Signs (RIPS) dataset for detection and segmentation of retinal pigments. Experimental results show that RPS-Net achieved superior segmentation performance for RP diagnosis, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

SlimDeblurGAN-Based Motion Deblurring and Marker Detection for Autonomous Drone Landing.

Deep learning-based marker detection for autonomous drone landing is widely studied, due to its superior detection performance. However, no study was reported to address non-uniform motion-blurred input images, and most of the previous handcrafted and deep learning-based methods failed to operate with these challenging inputs. To solve this problem, we propose a deep learning-based marker detection method for autonomous drone landing, by (1) introducing a two-phase framework of deblurring and object detection, by adopting a slimmed version of deblur generative adversarial network (DeblurGAN) model and a You only look once version 2 (YOLOv2) detector, respectively, and (2) considering the balance between the processing time and accuracy of the system. To this end, we propose a channel-pruning framework for slimming the DeblurGAN model called SlimDeblurGAN, without significant accuracy degradation. The experimental results on the two datasets showed that our proposed method exhibited higher performance and greater robustness than the previous methods, in both deburring and marker detection.

IrisDenseNet: Robust Iris Segmentation Using Densely Connected Fully Convolutional Networks in the Images by Visible Light and Near-Infrared Light Camera Sensors.

The recent advancements in computer vision have opened new horizons for deploying biometric recognition algorithms in mobile and handheld devices. Similarly, iris recognition is now much needed in unconstraint scenarios with accuracy. These environments make the acquired iris image exhibit occlusion, low resolution, blur, unusual glint, ghost effect, and off-angles. The prevailing segmentation algorithms cannot cope with these constraints. In addition, owing to the unavailability of near-infrared (NIR) light, iris recognition in visible light environment makes the iris segmentation challenging with the noise of visible light. Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNN) has brought a considerable breakthrough in various applications. To address the iris segmentation issues in challenging situations by visible light and near-infrared light camera sensors, this paper proposes a densely connected fully convolutional network (IrisDenseNet), which can determine the true iris boundary even with inferior-quality images by using better information gradient flow between the dense blocks. In the experiments conducted, five datasets of visible light and NIR environments were used. For visible light environment, noisy iris challenge evaluation part-II (NICE-II selected from UBIRIS.v2 database) and mobile iris challenge evaluation (MICHE-I) datasets were used. For NIR environment, the institute of automation, Chinese academy of sciences (CASIA) v4.0 interval, CASIA v4.0 distance, and IIT Delhi v1.0 iris datasets were used. Experimental results showed the optimal segmentation of the proposed IrisDenseNet and its excellent performance over existing algorithms for all five datasets.

Why should the faculty adopt reciprocal teaching as part of the medical curriculum?

Understanding the text is crucial to achieve depth in understanding of complex concepts for students at all levels of education for whom English is not their first language. Reciprocal teaching is an instructional activity that stimulate learning through a dialogue between teachers and students regarding segments of text. The process of summarizing, question-generating, clarifying and predicting allows the gaps to be recognised and filled by the student, who is in control of the learning process and able to analyse and reflect upon the reading material. Whereas reciprocal teaching has been applied at school and college level, little is known about its effectiveness in medical education. Incorporating reciprocal teaching in early years of medical education such as reading the literature and summarizing the flow of information in the study of integrated body systems could be an area to explore. Feasibility exercises and systematic validation studies are required to confirm authors' assertion.

Transformers for autonomous recognition of psychiatric dysfunction via raw and imbalanced EEG signals.

Early identification of mental disorders, based on subjective interviews, is extremely challenging in the clinical setting. There is a growing interest in developing automated screening tools for potential mental health problems based on biological markers. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of an AI-powered diagnosis of different mental disorders using EEG data. Specifically, this work aims to classify different mental disorders in the following ecological context accurately: (1) using raw EEG data, (2) collected during rest, (3) during both eye open, and eye closed conditions, (4) at short 2-min duration, (5) on participants with different psychiatric conditions, (6) with some overlapping symptoms, and (7) with strongly imbalanced classes. To tackle this challenge, we designed and optimized a transformer-based architecture, where class imbalance is addressed through focal loss and class weight balancing. Using the recently released TDBRAIN dataset (n= 1274 participants), our method classifies each participant as either a neurotypical or suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subjective memory complaints (SMC), or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture on both the window-level and the patient-level. The classification of the 2-min raw EEG data into five classes achieved a window-level accuracy of 63.2% and 65.8% for open and closed eye conditions, respectively. When the classification is limited to three main classes (MDD, ADHD, SMC), window level accuracy improved to 75.1% and 69.9% for eye open and eye closed conditions, respectively. Our work paves the way for developing novel AI-based methods for accurately diagnosing mental disorders using raw resting-state EEG data.

Whole exome sequencing identified five novel variants in CNTN2, CARS2, ARSA, and CLCN4 leading to epilepsy in consanguineous families.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurring seizures and fits. The Epilepsy genes can be classified into four distinct groups, based on involvement of these genes in different pathways leading to Epilepsy as a phenotype. Genetically the disease has been associated with various pathways, leading to pure epilepsy-related disorders caused by CNTN2 variations, or involving physical or systemic issues along with epilepsy caused by CARS2 and ARSA, or developed by genes that are putatively involved in epilepsy lead by CLCN4 variations. Methods: In this study, five families of Pakistani origin (EP-01, EP-02, EP-04, EP-09, and EP-11) were included for molecular diagnosis. Results: Clinical presentations of these patients included neurological symptoms such as delayed development, seizures, regression, myoclonic epilepsy, progressive spastic tetraparesis, vision and hearing impairment, speech problems, muscle fibrillation, tremors, and cognitive decline. Whole exome sequencing in index patients and Sanger sequencing in all available individuals in each family identified four novel homozygous variants in genes CARS2: c.655G>A p.Ala219Thr (EP-01), ARSA: c.338T>C: p.Leu113Pro (EP-02), c.938G>T p.Arg313Leu (EP-11), CNTN2: c.1699G>T p.Glu567Ter (EP-04), and one novel hemizygous variant in gene CLCN4: c.2167C>T p.Arg723Trp (EP-09). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge these variants were novel and had not been reported in familial epilepsy. These variants were absent in 200 ethnically matched healthy control chromosomes. Three dimensional protein analyses revealed drastic changes in the normal functions of the variant proteins. Furthermore, these variants were designated as "pathogenic" as per guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics 2015. Due to overlapping phenotypes, among the patients, clinical subtyping was not possible. However, whole exome sequencing successfully pinpointed the molecular diagnosis which could be helpful for better management of these patients. Therefore, we recommend that exome sequencing be performed as a first-line molecular diagnostic test in familial cases.

Report of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome in Two Families with Novel Variants in HPS3 and HPS4 Genes.

Background: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HSP) was first reported in 1959 as oculocutaneous albinism with bleeding abnormalities, and now consists of 11 distinct heterogenic genetic disorders that are caused by mutations in four protein complexes: AP-3, BLOC1, BLOC2, and BLOC3. Most of the patients show albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features may present depending on the nature of a defective protein complex. The subtypes 3 and 4 have been known for mutations in HSP3 and HSP4 genes, respectively. Methods: In this study, two Pakhtun consanguineous families, ALB-09 and ALB-10, were enrolled for clinical and molecular diagnoses. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the index patient in each family followed by Sanger sequencing of all available samples was performed using 3Billion. Inc South Korea rare disease diagnostics services. Results: The affected individuals of families ALB-09 and ALB-10 showed typical phenotypes of HPS such as oculocutaneous albinism, poor vision, nystagmus, nystagmus-induced involuntary head nodding, bleeding diathesis, and enterocolitis; however, immune system weakness was not recorded. WES analyses of one index patient revealed a novel nonsense variant (NM_032383.4: HSP3; c.2766T > G) in family ALB-09 and a five bp deletion (NM_001349900.2: HSP4; c.1180_1184delGTTCC) variant in family ALB-10. Sanger sequencing confirmed homozygous segregation of the disease alleles in all affected individuals of the respective family. Conclusions: The substitution c.2766T > G creates a premature protein termination at codon 922 in HPS3, replacing tyrosine amino acid with a stop codon (p.Tyr922Ter), while the deletion mutation c.1180_1184delGTTCC leads to a reading frameshift and a premature termination codon adding 23 abnormal amino acids to HSP4 protein (p:Val394Pro395fsTer23). To the best of our knowledge, the two novel variants identified in HPS3 and HPS4 genes causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome are the first report from the Pakhtun Pakistani population. Our work expands the pathogenic spectrum of HPS3 and HPS4 genes, provides successful molecular diagnostics, and helps the families in genetic counselling and reducing the disease burden in their future generations.

Cefepime-Induced Neurotoxicity in a 74-Year-Old Woman.

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with anti-pseudomonal coverage. It has been known to cause neurotoxicity, especially in critically ill patients and those with renal impairment. This neurotoxicity is poorly characterized and under-recognized. We present a case of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity in a 74-year-old woman being treated for cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Symptoms were gradual in onset and included confusion, verbal perseveration, and myoclonus. EEG findings included generalized periodic discharges (GPD) and generalized rhythmic delta activity with admixed sharps (GRDA + S). Symptoms resolved one to two days after the cessation of cefepime and anti-epileptic therapy with lorazepam, topiramate, and levetiracetam. We follow this with a discussion of available literature and recommend regular therapeutic drug monitoring in the future.

An image dataset of fruitfly species (Bactrocera Zonata and Bactrocera Dorsalis) and automated species classification through object detection.

This data article describes the image dataset collection and annotation of the two most common fruitfly species Bactrocera Zonata and Bactrocera Dorsalis. The dataset is released as a collection of more than 2000 images captured through two sources: images of specially reared fruitfly species in laboratory captured by (48-megapixels) smartphone camera, and images of fruitflies captured by (8-megapixels) Raspberry Pi camera through insect traps installed in fruit orchards. Each image sample is associated with a ground truth label that mentions the fruit fly species. The dataset has been classified and annotated using the object detection method into two fruitfly species with an average 85% accuracy. The results of classification and annotation have been validated by expert entomologists by manually examining test samples in a laboratory setting. This dataset is best suited for developing smart monitoring systems to provide advisory services to farmers through mobile applications that provides real-time information about fruitfly species for effective control and management.

A Case of Idiopathic Cold Agglutinin Hemolytic Anemia Successfully Treated With Steroids.

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a type of hemolytic anemia in which cold agglutinins can cause agglutination of red blood cells in cold parts of the body and hemolytic anemia. Cold agglutinin-mediated hemolytic anemia can occur in the setting of an underlying viral infection, autoimmune disorder, or lymphoid malignancy, referred to as a secondary cold agglutinin syndrome, or without one of these underlying disorders, referred to as primary CAD (also known as idiopathic CAD). We present a case of a 71-year-old female with hemolytic anemia due to primary CAD. The secondary causes of CAD, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy, were ruled out. She was successfully treated with prednisone.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Solution in Personalized Computer-Aided Arthroscopy of Shoulder Prostheses.

BACKGROUND: Early recognition of prostheses before reoperation can reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. Because of the intricacy of the shoulder biomechanics, accurate classification of implant models before surgery is fundamental for planning the correct medical procedure and setting apparatus for personalized medicine. Expert surgeons usually use X-ray images of prostheses to set the patient-specific apparatus. However, this subjective method is time-consuming and prone to errors. METHOD: As an alternative, artificial intelligence has played a vital role in orthopedic surgery and clinical decision-making for accurate prosthesis placement. In this study, three different deep learning-based frameworks are proposed to identify different types of shoulder implants in X-ray scans. We mainly propose an efficient ensemble network called the Inception Mobile Fully-Connected Convolutional Network (IMFC-Net), which is comprised of our two designed convolutional neural networks and a classifier. To evaluate the performance of the IMFC-Net and state-of-the-art models, experiments were performed with a public data set of 597 de-identified patients (597 shoulder implants). Moreover, to demonstrate the generalizability of IMFC-Net, experiments were performed with two augmentation techniques and without augmentation, in which our model ranked first, with a considerable difference from the comparison models. A gradient-weighted class activation map technique was also used to find distinct implant characteristics needed for IMFC-Net classification decisions. RESULTS: The results confirmed that the proposed IMFC-Net model yielded an average accuracy of 89.09%, a precision rate of 89.54%, a recall rate of 86.57%, and an F1.score of 87.94%, which were higher than those of the comparison models. CONCLUSION: The proposed model is efficient and can minimize the revision complexities of implants.