Thermoluminescence properties of La3+ , Gd3+ ,Dy3+ and Ho3+ co-doped MgAl2 Si2 O8 :Mn4.

Thermoluminescence properties of Mn4+ -doped and La3+ , Gd3+ , Dy3+ and Ho3+ co-doped MgAl2 Si2 O8 host phosphors were investigated in detailed and reported for the first time. The phosphors were exposed to ß- and α-irradiation and the glow curves appeared at 260-262 ± 2°C and 245-252 ± 2°C, respectively. Thermoluminescence analysis show that the main glow peaks actually consisted of three distinct peaks (P1 , P2 and P3 ). In addition, all the phosphors had a main peak, and many satellite peaks also appeared up to 200°C. Moreover, it was observed that La3+ , Gd3+ , Dy3+ and Ho3+ dopants in MgAl2 Si2 O8 Mn4+ phosphor can change the thermoluminescence peak intensities, but they did not cause any new glow peak. In addition, when α-irradiation was used, the glow peaks were shift to a lower temperature region. Kinetic parameters of P1 , P2 and P3 were calculated, and it was found that P1 and P3 had first-order kinetics and P2 had general-order kinetic parameters. In addition, it was found that when the easy and convenient annealing procedure was applied to the phosphorus, the thermoluminescence signal was measured as stable over many repetitions. The dose sensitivity, reproducibility and fading features of the powdered phosphors were investigated and computerized glow curve deconvolution analysis was also performed. Results showed that thermoluminescence properties of these materials were good but the fading reliabilities were poor and therefore the sintered or single crystal forms should be preferred for their better fading properties.

Synthesis and pro-apoptotic effects of new sulfonamide derivatives via activating p38/ERK phosphorylation in cancer cells.

Herein, the compounds bearing sulfonamide fragment such as N-(2-amino-5-benzoylphenyl)-4-nitrobenzene sulfonamide hydrochloride (1), N-(quinolin-8-yl)-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (2), N-(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)-4-nitro-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (3) were synthesized by the reaction of 3,4-diaminobenzophenone, 8-aminoquinoline or 2-picoylamine and 4-nitrobenzensulfonyl chloride, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental and spectral analyses. All the prepared compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. In vitro cytotoxic activities of the compounds were screened against human hepatocellular (HepG2), breast (MCF-7) and colon (Colo-205) cancer cell lines by MTT assay, mRNA expression of genes with qPCR and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 with Western blot. Tested compounds could significantly reduce cell proliferation and induced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes; caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9. Activation of these apoptotic genes probably is mediated by activation of p38.