RESUMO
LCA methodology provides the best framework to evaluate environmental impacts in agriculture systems. However, the interpretation of LCA results, in particular when the objective was to compare different production systems, could be affected by the selection of the functional unit (FU). That is why an accurate definition of the FU, in agreement with the function considered for the systems analysed, is essential. In this work, the organic production at small scale of blueberry, raspberry, blackberry and cape gooseberry in North Spain has been analysed following LCA methodology. Although a different distribution of environmental loads was obtained for each crop, in all cases, the main contributions to most of the considered environmental categories were electric and fertiliser consumptions. The different production systems have been compared on the basis of the environmental impacts associated considering different FUs, i.e. based on fruit mass, cultivated area, farm-gate price and nutritional quality of fruits. Carbon footprints (CF) have been also calculated. It was observed that the order of the crops with respect to their environmental performances was the same for the blueberry and raspberry crops (with the lowest and the highest CF, respectively), independently of the selected FU, whereas the order of the blackberry and cape gooseberry crops was interchanged, depending on the FU used. This work supports the need of being aware of the final objective of the orchards when choosing the FU (i.e. producing fruits, cultivating an area, economic benefits or nourishing people), so that valid conclusions can be achieved from the environmental comparison, even for different agricultural products.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Frutas , Humanos , Animais , Agricultura/métodos , Pegada de Carbono , Produtos Agrícolas , Estágios do Ciclo de VidaRESUMO
SIGNIFICANCE: Peripheral pitting edema is a clinician-administered measure for grading edema. Peripheral edema is graded 0, 1 + , 2 + , 3 + , or 4 + , but subjectivity is a major limitation of this technique. A pilot clinical study for short-wave infrared (SWIR) molecular chemical imaging (MCI) effectiveness as an objective, non-contact quantitative peripheral edema measure is underway. AIM: We explore if SWIR MCI can differentiate populations with and without peripheral edema. Further, we evaluate the technology for correctly stratifying subjects with peripheral edema. APPROACH: SWIR MCI of shins from healthy subjects and heart failure (HF) patients was performed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to discriminate the two populations. PLS regression (PLSR) was applied to assess the ability of MCI to grade edema. RESULTS: Average spectra from edema exhibited higher water absorption than non-edema spectra. SWIR MCI differentiated healthy volunteers from a population representing all pitting edema grades with 97.1% accuracy (N = 103 shins). Additionally, SWIR MCI correctly classified shin pitting edema levels in patients with 81.6% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study successfully achieved the two primary endpoints. Application of SWIR MCI to monitor patients while actively receiving HF treatment is necessary to validate SWIR MCI as an HF monitoring technology.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Imagem Molecular , Análise Discriminante , Edema/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos QuadradosRESUMO
A variety of pathologies lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. To further diagnose and manage PH, patients undergo repeated right heart catheterizations (RHC) wherein a Swan-Ganz catheter is advanced into a branch of the pulmonary artery and a balloon is inflated to wedge the catheter tip. This article illustrates a protocol whereby pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) may be harvested from the balloon tips of Swan-Ganz catheters after RHC, and purified with an anti- CD146 affinity column technique to purify putative PAECs. These cells might be used to provide an in situ snapshot of the biological state of the pulmonary vasculature endothelium to complement hemodynamic measurements obtained during RHC. Harvested and purified PAECs may be used for either cell culture or for subsequent analytical assays such as flow cytometery.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Separação Celular/métodos , Células Endoteliais , Artéria Pulmonar/citologia , Cateterismo de Swan-Ganz , Humanos , Hipertensão PulmonarRESUMO
Una de las complicaciones más comunes de la diabetes mellitus es la úlcera del pie diabético, como una fuente importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 43 años, con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de siete años de evolución, remitida desde el Cuerpo de Guardia del Policlínico Universitario Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy, de Abreus, con el diagnóstico de pie diabético neuroinfeccioso complicado con un absceso. Se realizó drenaje del absceso, modificación del tratamiento con insulina y desbridamiento de la lesión. Además, se indicó antibiótico y Heberprot-P®. Ante la ausencia de evolución satisfactoria, se realizó nuevo desbridamiento, con amputación de tercer y cuarto dedos del pie izquierdo; se retomó el tratamiento inicial, eta vez combinado con ozonoterapia vía local y rectal. A partir de la semana 18 la paciente evolucionó favorablemente, con presencia de buena granulación, desaparición gradual del dolor y aceleración del proceso de cicatrización completa de la lesión, además de conseguir un control metabólico eficiente. El caso descrito confirma la eficacia y seguridad del uso combinado del Heberprot-P® y la terapia con ozono.
One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcer, as an important source of morbidity and mortality. The case of a 43-years-old patient with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, of seven years of evolution, referred from the Emergency Department of the Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy University Polyclinic, Abreus, with the diagnosis of neuroinfectious diabetic foot complicated with an abscess is presented. Drainage of the abscess, modification of insulin treatment, and debridement of the lesion were performed. In addition, antibiotics and Heberprot-P® were indicated. In the absence of satisfactory evolution, new debridement was performed, with amputation of the third and fourth toes of the left foot; the initial treatment was resumed, this time combined with local and rectal ozone therapy. From week 18 on, the patient progressed favorably, with the presence of good granulation, gradual disappearance of pain and acceleration of the complete healing process of the lesion, in addition to achieving efficient metabolic control. The described case confirms the efficacy and safety of the Heberprot-P® combined use and ozone therapy.
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Fundamento el incremento de la esperanza de vida viene aparejado con la necesidad del adulto mayor de desenvolverse en su medio y garantizar una longevidad plena. Objetivo determinar la efectividad de la peloideterapia en adultos mayores con osteoartrosis de rodilla. Métodos se realizó un estudio de intervención, cuasi experimental, en 30 pacientes con osteoartrosis de rodilla, seleccionados mediante aleatorización simple, quienes fueron atendidos en el área de salud de Yaguaramas (Abreus, Cienfuegos), en el período comprendido entre marzo y junio de 2021. Se realizó una encuesta general. La evolución del dolor se determinó mediante la escala de Likert, y la limitación articular se analizó mediante la medición del arco articular de la rodilla con el goniómetro. Resultados predominaron los pacientes del grupo de edades de 66-70 años y del sexo femenino; con tiempo de evolución entre 5-10 años (60 %); y con ambas rodillas afectadas (56,7%). Los principales signos y síntomas fueron el dolor (100 %) y la limitación del movimiento articular (93,3 %), los cuales disminuyeron tras el tratamiento. El 53,3 % refirió dolor ligero antes del tratamiento; después del tratamiento el 83,3 % describió ausencia de dolor. El 76,7 % de los pacientes manifestó limitación en la flexión de la rodilla, que después del tratamiento disminuyó a 13,3 %. Conclusiones la peloideterapia influye positivamente en los adultos mayores con osteoartrosis de rodilla, al mejorar su estado funcional e independencia personal, además de reducir las demandas de servicios médicos.
Background the increase in life expectancy is coupled with the elderly's need to function in its media and guarantee full longevity. Objective to determine the effectiveness of peloidtherapy in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. Method a quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out in 30 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, selected by simple randomization, who were treated in the health area of Yaguaramas (Abreus, Cienfuegos), between March and June of 2021. A general survey was carried out. The evolution of pain was determined using the Likert scale, and joint limitation was analyzed by measuring the knee joint arc with the goniometer. Results there was a predominance of patients in the age group of 66-70 years old and of the female sex; with evolution time between 5-10 years (60%); and with both knees affected (56.7%). The main signs and symptoms were pain (100%) and limitation of joint movement (93.3%), which decreased after treatment. 53.3% reported light pain before treatment; after treatment, 83.3% described absence of pain. 76.7% of the patients manifested limitation in knee flexion, which after treatment decreased to 13.3%. Conclusions peloidtherapy has a positive influence on older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee, by improving their functional status and personal independence, as well as reducing the demands for medical services.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: en Brasil, así como en otros países de América Latina y el Caribe el perfil de morbimortalidad de los pueblos indígenas es marcado por las infecciones respiratorias agudas como principal causa de enfermedad y muerte, sobre todo en niños menores de 5 años. Objetivo: diseñar acciones educativas para elevar el nivel de información en agentes indígenas ticunas en salud sobre los signos de alarma de las infecciones respiratorias agudas. Métodos: se desarrolló una investigación acción participativa con diseño antes y después en el Polo Base Campo Alegre, Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Alto Rio Solimões, Estado Amazonas, Brasil, entre marzo y mayo de 2017. Se emplearon como métodos teóricos: el analítico-sintético y el sistémico-estructural; empíricos, la encuesta en forma de cuestionario; y del nivel matemático, el cálculo porcentual. La propuesta fue valorada por criterios de especialistas. Resultados: la mayoría de los agentes eran del sexo masculino, predominaron los grupos etarios de 41 a 50 años y 51 a 60 años, el intervalo de años de experiencia más frecuente fue de 16-20 años y se comprobó la existencia de una preparación previa sobre las infecciones respiratorias agudas en 19 de los 21 agentes de salud analizados. Después de su aplicación, 16 sujetos de la investigación mejoraron el nivel de información sobre el tema. Conclusiones: las acciones educativas contribuyeron a elevar los conocimientos sobre los signos de alarma de las infecciones respiratorias agudas, y por tanto, una mejor efectividad en la actuación de estos agentes de la salud en las poblaciones indígenas.
ABSTRACT Background: in Brazil, as well as in other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, the morbidity and mortality profile of native people is marked by acute respiratory infections as the main cause of illness and death, especially in children under 5 years of age. Objective: to design educational health actions to raise the level of information in native Ticuna agents about the warning signs of acute respiratory infections. Methods: a participatory action research with a before and after design was developed in Campo Alegre Pole Base , Alto Rio Solimões Special native Health District, Amazonas State, Brazil, from March to May 2017. Theoretical methods were used: the analytical-synthetic and the systemic-structural; empirical ones, the survey in the form of a questionnaire; and from the mathematical level, the percentage calculation. The proposal was assessed by criteria of specialists. Results: most of the agents were male, the age groups from 41 to 50 years and 51 to 60 years predominated, the most frequent interval of years of experience was 16-20 years and the existence of previous preparation was confirmed on acute respiratory infections in 19 out of the 21 health workers analyzed. After its implementation, 16 research subjects improved the level of information on the subject. Conclusions: the educational actions contributed to increase the knowledge about the warning signs of acute respiratory infections, and therefore, a better effectiveness in the performance of these health agents in the native population.
Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias , Estratégias de Saúde , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Educação Médica , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: We performed a genome scan using BMD data of the forearm and hip on 664 individuals in 29 Mexican-American families. We obtained evidence for QTL on chromosome 4p, affecting forearm BMD overall, and on chromosomes 2p and 13q, affecting hip BMD in men. INTRODUCTION: The San Antonio Family Osteoporosis Study (SAFOS) was designed to identify genes and environmental factors that influence bone mineral density (BMD) using data from large Mexican-American families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a genome-wide linkage analysis using 416 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers spaced approximately 9.5 cM apart to locate and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect BMD of the forearm and hip. Multipoint variance components linkage analyses were done using data on all 664 subjects, as well as two subgroups of 259 men and 261 premenopausal women, from 29 families for which genotypic and phenotypic data were available. RESULTS: We obtained significant evidence for a QTL affecting forearm (radius midpoint) BMD in men and women combined on chromosome 4p near D4S2639 (maximum LOD = 4.33, genomic p = 0.006) and suggestive evidence for a QTL on chromosome 12q near locus D12S2070 (maximum conditional LOD = 2.35). We found suggestive evidence for a QTL influencing trochanter BMD on chromosome 6 (maximum LOD = 2.27), but no evidence for QTL affecting the femoral neck in men and women combined. In men, we obtained evidence for QTL affecting neck and trochanter BMD on chromosomes 2p near D2S1780 (maximum LOD = 3.98, genomic p = 0.013) and 13q near D13S788 (maximum LOD = 3.46, genomic p = 0.039), respectively. We found no evidence for QTL affecting forearm or hip BMD in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION: These results provide strong evidence that a QTL on chromosome 4p affects radius BMD in Mexican-American men and women, as well as evidence that QTL on chromosomes 2p and 13q affect hip BMD in men. Our results are consistent with some reports in humans and mice. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:2245-2252
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 13/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 4/genética , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade Óssea/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Antebraço , Articulação do Quadril , Humanos , Escore Lod , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TexasRESUMO
It is known that bone mineral density (BMD) is low in men who are hypogonadal. However, the rate and sites of bone loss following testosterone deficiency are not known. The resulting hypogonadism after GnRH analog therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer allows us to examine bone loss and bone resorption immediately after testosterone withdrawal. Therefore, we examined the effects of GnRH analog treatment on bone loss and bone resorption in men with prostate cancer. BMD and serum and urine concentrations of markers of bone turnover were determined in men with prostate cancer and in age-matched controls. Measurements were taken before GnRH therapy and 6 and 12 months after instituting therapy. After 12 months of GnRH therapy, the BMD of the total hip and ultra distal radius decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in men with prostate cancer compared with the controls. The mean bone loss was 3.3% and 5.3%, respectively. The observed reduction in BMD in the spine (2.8%) and the femoral neck (2.3%) did not reach statistical significance. No significant bone loss was observed in the control subjects. The concentration of the urine marker of bone resorption, N-telopeptide, was significantly increased from baseline and from controls at both 6 and 12 months in patients treated with GnRH analog therapy compared with control subjects (P < 0.05). The concentration of a serum marker of bone formation, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, was not significantly different from baseline or from controls at 6 and 12 months. Thus, the decreased total hip and ultra distal radius BMD and increased urinary N-telopeptide concentration after testosterone withdrawal demonstrate an increase in trabecular bone loss and enhanced bone resorption. These findings demonstrate a significant loss of bone in men with prostate cancer after receiving GnRH therapy and suggest that the total hip and radius are the preferred sites for monitoring bone loss in older men. In addition, markers of bone resorption may be helpful.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Gosserrelina/efeitos adversos , Hipogonadismo/induzido quimicamente , Osteoporose/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Colo do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo do Fêmur/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Hipogonadismo/complicações , Masculino , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Rádio (Anatomia)/metabolismoRESUMO
Osteoporosis is a major cause of disability in the United States. Numerous factors contribute to the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) that characterizes this disease, and the importance of heredity is now widely appreciated. We evaluated the joint contributions of genes and environmental factors on variation in BMD in 895 participants of the San Antonio Family Osteoporosis Study (SAFOS). Participants of the SAFOS ranged in age from 18 to 96 years and were members of 34 large families of Mexican American ancestry. BMD was measured at the spine, hip, and forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information about medical history, lifestyle habits, dietary intake, and physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Age and body mass index were strongly associated with BMD at nearly every site; these and other measured risk factors accounted in aggregate for up to 46% of the total variation in BMD. In general, the environmental risk factors accounted for proportionately more of the total variation in BMD in men than in women. Genes accounted for 65-80% of the residual variation in spine and hip BMD, and 25-55% of the residual variability in forearm BMD. Although residual heritabilities were generally comparable between men and women across all ages combined, heritabilities at all sites tended to be higher in premenopausal women than in men younger than 50 years of age. Identifying the individual genes involved will shed insights into the processes that govern bone remodeling and may suggest strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/genética , Meio Ambiente , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Família , Feminino , Quadril/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Fatores de Risco , Coluna Vertebral/fisiologia , Texas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es la más común de las condiciones que afectan mundialmente la salud de los individuos adultos, por lo que es importante que aumente la percepción de riesgo desde edades pediátricas. Objetivo: diseñar un proyecto de intervención educativa en adolescentes de la ESBU "Antonio Rodríguez", de Colón, para prevenir la hipertensión arterial en edades adultas y promover estilos de vida y entornos saludables. Materiales y métodos: constituyó un corte de un proyecto comunitario del Policlínico "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay". Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, durante febrero-mayo de 2016. La muestra fueron 158 adolescentes, de 9no grado, de la ESBU "Antonio Rodríguez" del municipio Colón. Se efectuaron las mediciones correspondientes y se elaboró una encuesta para la recogida de datos. Se estudiaron las variables siguientes: edad, sexo, raza, índice de masa corporal, hábitos tóxicos y hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y los estudiantes de raza blanca. Se diagnosticaron 58 pre-hipertensos y 3 hipertensos grado 1, que se estudiaron y trataron. Los factores de riesgo alimentario más frecuentes fueron la ingestión de potasio, calcio y sodio de riesgo. El tabaquismo pasivo prevaleció, y aunque, el estado nutricional normal fue el más frecuente, resultó alarmante el número de adolescentes bajo peso. Conclusiones: los malos hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida poco saludables fueron los factores de riesgo que más incidieron en los adolescentes de la muestra estudiada (AU).
Background: arterial hypertension is the most common of the conditions that affect health of adult persons all over the world, therefore it is very important to increase risk perception since pediatric ages. Objective: to design a project of educative intervention in teenagers from "Antonio Rodríguez" secondary school in the municipality of Colón to prevent arterial hypertension in adult ages and to promote healthy life styles and surroundings. Materials and methods: it was made a cut of a communitarian project of the polyclinic "Dr Carlos J. Finlay". A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out during the period February-May 2016. The sample were 158 ninth-grade teenagers belonging to "Antonio Rodríguez" secondary school of Colón municipality. The corresponding measures were taken and an inquiry was elaborated for collecting data. The studied variables were the following: age, sex, race, corporal mass index, toxic habits, and alimentary habits. Results: the female sex and white students predominated. 58 pre-hypertensive students and 3 grade-1 hypertensive ones were diagnosed. They were studied and treated. The most frequent alimentary risk factors were the ingestion of risk levels of potassium, calcium and sodium. Passive smoking prevailed and, although the normal nutritional status was the most frequent, it was alarming the number of low weight teenagers. Conclusions: bad alimentary habits and unhealthy life styles were the risk factors that stroke the most on the teenagers of the studied sample (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Educação em Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Pré-Hipertensão , Intervenção Médica Precoce , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Planos e Programas de Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Estilo de Vida/etnologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la concepción científica, dialécticamente interrelacionada de todos los elementos que componen del método clínico, debe contribuir sin dudas, a su rescate y con ello a una asistencia médica de calidad. Objetivo: constatar el desempeño en la aplicación del método clínico por estudiantes de sexto año de la Carrera de Medicina, en el examen práctico de Medicina General Integral, pertenecientes a la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez", Colón. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en los estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de Medicina, perteneciente a la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez", Colón, curso 2015- 2016, se utilizó la guía de observación del examen práctico de Medicina General Integral. El universo fue 45 estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina, que se presentaron al examen y coincidió con la muestra. La guía de observación empleada fue validada por profesores de años de experiencia, teniendo en cuenta las etapas del método científico establecidas en la aplicación del método clínico: entrevista médica, examen físico y el razonamiento clínico. Se tuvo en cuenta el consentimiento informado de los estudiantes. Resultados: de 45 estudiantes, 17 obtuvieron calificaciones con 5 puntos, 16 con 4, y 12 con 3. De ellos, 28 presentaron deficiencias en la aplicación de las diferentes etapas del método clínico. Conclusiones: predominaron las deficiencias en aspectos evaluados en el examen práctico de la entrevista médica, el razonamiento clínico y en menor cuantía el examen físico (AU).
Introduction: the dialectically interrelated scientific conception of all the elements composing the clinical method, should undoubtedly contribute to its rescue and to a qualitative medical care with it. Objective: to state the performance of the sixth year students of Medicine belonging to the University of Medical Sciences Branch ¨Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez¨, of Colon, in the application of the clinical method during the practical examination of General Comprehensive Medicine. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in the sixth year students of Medicine belonging to the University of Medical Sciences Branch ¨Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez¨, of Colon, 2015-2016 academic years, using the observational guideline of the practical examination of General Comprehensive Medicine. The universe was formed by 45 sixth-year students of Medicine, belonging to the sixth year group, who entered for the examination; it coincided with the sample. The used guideline was validated by experienced teachers, taking into account the stages of the scientific method established in the application of the clinical method: medical interview, physical examination, and clinical reasoning. The students gave their informed consent. Results: from 45 students, 17 got qualifications of 5 points, 16 got 4 and 12 got 3. From them, 28 had deficiencies in applying the different stages of the clinical method. Conclusions: deficiencies predominated in aspects evaluated in the practical examination of the medical interview and the clinical reasoning; less deficiencies were in the physical examination (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Medicina , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Procedimentos Clínicos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Estudantes , Exames Médicos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade, Acesso e Avaliação da Assistência à Saúde , Cuba , Avaliação Educacional , AprendizagemRESUMO
Se realizó una investigación sobre sistemas y servicios de salud para evaluar la calidad de la atención de enfermería a pacientes ingresadas en el Servicio de Cirugía Ginecológica del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente "Tamara Bunke Bider" de Santiago de Cuba durante el segundo trimestre del 2010, a fin de evaluar el modo de actuación profesional mediante el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería. Se conformó un grupo de especialistas, quienes procesaron los criterios, indicadores y estándares aplicados a los efectos. Los resultados de los indicadores se compararon con los estándares establecidos y se calculó el coeficiente de calidad, lo cual reveló que dichos indicadores alcanzaron mayoritariamente valores de 100 % y coeficiente de calidad >1. Se concluyó que la calidad de la atención brindada en el mencionado Servicio fue adecuada.
A study on health systems and services was conducted to evaluate the quality of nursing care for patients admitted to the Gynecology Surgery Service of "Tamara Bunke Bider" Teaching Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Santiago de Cuba during the second trimester of 2010, in order to evaluate the professional performance by the Nursing Care Process. A group of specialists was formed who processed the criteria, indicators and standards applied in this regard. The results of indicators were compared with established standards and the ratio of quality was calculated, which revealed that these indicators mostly reached 100% values and quality ratio >1. It is concluded that the quality of care provided in that service was appropriate.
Assuntos
Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Ginecologia , Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de 96 gestantes (48 en cada grupo) que parieron en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente "Tamara Bunke Bider" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2009, con vistas a determinar la repercusión de la corioamnionitis en los indicadores de salud del binomio madre-perinato. En la investigación fueron incluidas todas las embarazadas con 28 semanas de gestación y más. Para validar los resultados se utilizaron la prueba no paramétrica de Ji al cuadrado, el método porcentual y las proporciones. Se halló que esta afección repercutió en la ocurrencia de partos pretérmino, en los altos índices de cesárea, así como también en las infecciones neonatales precoces y puerperales. Se concluyó que la corioamnionitis incidió negativamente sobre los mencionados indicadores.
A case-control study of 96 pregnant women (48 in each group) who gave birth in «Tamara Bunke Bider¼ Teaching Gynecological and Obstetrical Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2008 to December, 2009, with the objective of determining the repercussion of chorioamnionitis in the health indicators of the binomial mother-neonate. All the pregnant women with 28 weeks of gestation and more were included in the investigation. To validate the results the non parametric test for X2, the percentage method and the proportions were used. It was found that this disorder influenced on the occurrence of preterm births, in the high rates of cesarean sections, as well as on the neonates and puerperal early sepsis. It was concluded that chorioamnionitis influenced negatively on the mentioned indicators.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de 96 gestantes (48 en cada grupo) que parieron en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente Tamara Bunke Bider de Santiago de Cuba, en el bienio 2008-2009, para determinar algunos factores clinicoepidemiológicos que incidieron en la aparición de corioamnionitis. En la investigación fueron incluidas todas las embarazadas con 28 semanas de gestación y más. Para validar los resultados se utilizaron la prueba no paramétrica de Ji al cuadrado, el método porcentual y las proporciones. En la casuística, los factores determinantes de la ocurrencia del proceso infeccioso, fueron: malnutrición materna por defecto (en 26,8 por ciento), politactos (más de 3 en 15,5 por ciento), infecciones genitales asociadas al embarazo (en 74,2 por ciento), tiempo de rotura de membranas e inicio del trabajo de parto después de 24 horas (en 22,7 por ciento).
A case-control study of 96 pregnant women (48 in each group) who delivered at Tamara Bunke Bider Teaching Gynecobstetric Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the biennium 2008-2009, in order to determine some clinical-epidemiological factors that influence in the chorioamnionitis onset. All pregnant women with 28 gestation weeks or more were included in the research. Non-parametric chi-square test, percentage method, and proportions were used to validate the results. Determinant factors of the occurrence of the infectious process in the case material were as follows: maternal malnutrition by default (in 26,8 percent), multiple vaginal examination (more than 3 in 15,5 percent), pregnancy-associated genital infections (in 74,2 percent), and membrane rupture time and labor initiation after 24 hours (in 22,7 percent).
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Infecções Bacterianas , Corioamnionite , Técnicas de Cultura , Membranas Extraembrionárias , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/complicações , Infecções , Inflamação , Complicações na Gravidez , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Se efectuó una intervención educativa en 36 adolescentes del área de salud del Policlínico Universitario José Martí Pérez de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2008 hasta febrero del 2009, a fin de modificar o ampliar sus conocimientos sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual, para lo cual se conformaron 3 subgrupos de 12 integrantes cada uno, mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, con vista a precisar qué información tenían acerca del tema antes y después de la actividad instructiva. Los resultados de la acción, evaluados mediante la prueba de McNemar y con un nivel de significación de 0,05, fueron satisfactorios luego de impartidas las clases, como muestra fehaciente de la eficacia de la intervención
An educational intervention was performed in 36 teenagers from the health area of the José Martí Pérez University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba from September 2008 to February 2009 in order to modify or to increase their knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases, for which 3 subgroups with 12 teenagers each were formed, using simple random sampling to specify which information about the topic they had before and after the instructive activity. The results of the action evaluated by means of the Mac Nemar test and with 0.05 significance were satisfactory after the classes given as a sign of the effectiveness of the intervention