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1.
Nutr J ; 19(1): 58, 2020 06 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32563260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Consumption of a prudent dietary pattern rich in healthy nutrients is associated with enhanced cognitive performance in older adulthood, while a Western dietary pattern low in healthy nutrients is associated with poor age-related cognitive function. Sex differences exist in dietary intake among older adults; however, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between sex-specific dietary patterns and cognitive function in later life. METHODS: The current study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sex-specific dietary pattern adherence and global cognitive function at baseline and over a 3-year follow-up in 1268 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 74 years, n = 664 women, n = 612 men) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge). A 78-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to estimate dietary intake over the previous year. Sex-specific dietary pattern scores were derived using principal component analysis. Global cognition was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). RESULTS: Adjusted linear mixed effects models indicated that a healthy, prudent dietary pattern was not associated with baseline cognitive performance in men or women. No relationship was found between Western dietary pattern adherence and baseline cognitive function in women. Among men, adherence to an unhealthy, Western dietary pattern was associated with poorer baseline cognitive function (ß = - 0.652, p = 0.02, 95% CI [- 1.22, - 0.65]). No association was found between prudent or Western dietary patterns and cognitive change over time in men or women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of conducting sex-based analyses in aging research and suggest that the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognitive function in late life may be sex-dependent.


Assuntos
Dieta , Caracteres Sexuais , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Cognição , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino
2.
Healthc Manage Forum ; 30(1): 40-45, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28929899

RESUMO

According to the Alzheimer Society of Canada, within the next generation, Canada will experience a more than doubling of individuals living with dementia and a potentially economically crippling 10-fold increase in costs to Canadians. Up to 50% of cases with dementia can be attributed to seven modifiable, predominantly vascular and/or lifestyle-associated, risk factors. Multi-modal dementia risk reduction strategies, targeting diet, exercise, mental stimulation, and vascular risk monitoring, are likely to be the most successful. Diet-related strategies need to focus on overall diet quality and not on individual foods or nutrients. High-quality diets that are associated with better cognitive function and lower dementia risk with aging are high in vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, and fish and low in red meat, high-fat dairy products, sweets, and highly processed foods. It is the time to embed risk reduction strategies into our public health and healthcare infrastructure to proactively address the challenges posed by population aging.


Assuntos
Demência/prevenção & controle , Dieta , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Canadá/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Demência/epidemiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/métodos , Humanos , Política Nutricional
3.
J Nutr ; 143(11): 1767-73, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23986363

RESUMO

Both diet quality and socioeconomic position (SEP) have been linked to age-related cognitive changes, but there is little understanding of how the socioeconomic context of dietary intake may shape its cognitive impact. We examined whether equal adherence to "prudent" and "Western" dietary patterns, identified by principal components analysis, was associated with global cognitive function [Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS)] in independently living older adults with different SEPs (aged 68-84 y; n = 1099). The interaction of dietary pattern adherence with household income, educational attainment, occupational prestige, and a composite indicator of SEP combining all 3 was examined in multiple-adjusted mixed models over 3 y of follow-up in participants of the NuAge study (Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging). Adherence to the prudent pattern (vegetables, fruits, fish, poultry, and lower-fat dairy products) was related to higher 3MS scores at recruitment only in the upper categories of income [parameter estimate (B): 0.56; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.01], education (B: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.080, 0.80), or composite SEP (B: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.045, 0.70). High prudent pattern adherence was associated with less cognitive decline only in those with low composite SEP (B: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.0094, 0.50). Conversely, adherence to the Western pattern (meats, potatoes, processed foods, and higher-fat dairy products) was associated with more cognitive decline (B: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.032) only in those with low educational attainment. In summary, among individuals with equivalent diet quality, the magnitude and characteristics of the diet-cognition relationship depended on their socioeconomic circumstances. These results suggest that interventions promoting retention of cognitive function through improved diet quality would provide maximum benefit to those with relatively low SEP.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Cognição , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Laticínios , Feminino , Seguimentos , Frutas , Humanos , Masculino , Carne , Atividade Motora , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Cooperação do Paciente , Aves Domésticas , Estudos Prospectivos , Quebeque , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Verduras
4.
Front Rehabil Sci ; 3: 971300, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36338514

RESUMO

This paper describes an exploratory study developing the Baycrest Brain-healthy Eating Approach (BBEA). Poor diet is a modifiable risk factor for many health problems including dementia. Mediterranean type diets, high in plant-based foods, rich in poly- and mono- unsaturated fatty acids with minimal consumption of saturated fat, red meat, and processed foods, are considered brain healthful. While several dementia prevention trials randomized controlled trials have included nutritional counselling in favor of these diets as one component of their interventions, the extent to which dietary change occurred is not known. Based on observations that a strategy training approach, the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Approach, was beneficial for promoting lifestyle changes in older adults with complaints of cognitive changes, we undertook to develop the BBEA combining elements of CO-OP with didactic nutrition education. This exploratory, descriptive study assesses the feasibility and acceptability of the BBEA. Healthy community dwelling older adults (n = 5) were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants received five, 2 h, group sessions. During these sessions participants were supported in adopting dietary practices consistent with brain healthy eating. Each participant set specific dietary goals important to them. Feasibility of the intervention was demonstrated through high levels of attendance and by the findings that at each session, all participants set personally meaningful goals and received education on selected brain healthy eating topics. Acceptability was demonstrated through participants' positive reports of their experiences and perspectives obtained via semi-structured interviews. Thus, the BBEA appears to be feasible and acceptable.

5.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci ; 76(3): 444-450, 2021 02 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33063101

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of dietary patterns and engagement in cognitive stimulating lifestyle (CSL) behaviors on the trajectory of global cognition, executive function (EF), and verbal episodic memory (VEM). METHODS: Western and prudent dietary patterns were empirically derived using food frequency questionnaire responses from 350 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 73.7 years) participating in the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging. CSL was represented by a binary composite indicator based on education, occupational complexity, and social engagement. Global cognition, EF, and VEM were assessed prospectively. RESULTS: Primary effect models revealed an association between higher Western dietary pattern score and a greater rate of decline in global cognition and EF. Higher Western dietary pattern adherence was also associated with poorer baseline VEM. Primary effect models also revealed that CSL was independently associated with baseline global cognition and EF. Effect modification models suggested an interactive effect between Western dietary pattern and CLS on global cognition only. No associations were found for prudent dietary pattern score. DISCUSSION: Contributing to existing research supporting the negative impact of consuming an unhealthy diet on cognitive function, the current study suggests increased vulnerability among older adults who do not engage in a CSL. These findings can inform the development of lifestyle intervention programs that target brain health in later adulthood.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento Cognitivo , Função Executiva , Comportamento Alimentar , Envelhecimento Saudável , Memória Episódica , Idoso , Cognição/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/psicologia , Dieta Saudável/métodos , Dieta Saudável/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/classificação , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Feminino , Envelhecimento Saudável/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Cooperação do Paciente , Quebeque/epidemiologia
6.
Ageing Res Rev ; 52: 72-119, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31059801

RESUMO

Peripheral biomarkers have shown significant value in predicting brain health and may serve as a useful proxy measurement in the assessment of evidence-based lifestyle behavior modification programs, including physical activity and nutrition programs, that aim to maintain cognitive function in late life. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate which peripheral biomarkers are robustly associated with cognitive function among relatively healthy non-demented older adults. Following the standards for systematic reviews (PICO, PRIMSA), and employing MEDLINE and Scopus search engines, 222 articles were included in the review. Based on the review of biomarker proxies of cognitive health, it is recommended that a comprehensive biomarker panel, or biomarker signature, be developed as a clinical end point for behavior modification trials aimed at enhancing cognitive function in late life. The biomarker signature should take a multisystemic approach, including lipid, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in the biological signature index of cognitive health.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Cognição/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida Saudável/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dieta Saudável , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Humanos , Estado Nutricional
7.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1114: 389-97, 2007 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17986600

RESUMO

Human epidemiologic studies provide convincing evidence that dietary patterns practiced during adulthood are important contributors to age-related cognitive decline and dementia risk. Diets high in fat, especially trans and saturated fats, adversely affect cognition, while those high in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and fish are associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of dementia. While the precise physiologic mechanisms underlying these dietary influences are not completely understood, modulation of brain insulin activity and neuroinflammation likely contribute. Not surprisingly, deficits in cognitive functions, especially those dependent on the medial temporal lobes, are apparent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Special care in food selection at meals should be exercised by those with T2DM since ingestion of rapidly absorbed, high-glycemic index carbohydrate foods further impairs medial temporal lobe function, with food-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytokine release likely explaining the association between food ingestion and reduction in cognitive function in those with T2DM.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Animais , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/prevenção & controle , Humanos
8.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 65(2): e51-e55, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27869302

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine how cardiovascular risk is associated with working memory task performance and task-related suppression of default-mode network (DMN) activity in cognitively intact older adults. DESIGN: A cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study of older adults with cardiovascular risk factors. SETTING: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty older adults with cardiovascular risk factors. MEASUREMENTS: Participants provided health information and a blood sample, and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a working memory task and during a breath-hold task to assess cerebrovascular reactivity. RESULTS: Higher plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was associated with poorer working memory task performance (P = 0.008) and reduced task-related DMN suppression (P = 0.005). A composite index of cardiovascular risk, the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Profile, showed no associations with task performance or task-related DMN suppression. These findings were independent of white matter burden and cerebrovascular reactivity and thus cannot be accounted for by individual differences in neurovascular health. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a deleterious effect of elevated LDL-C on working memory task performance and task-related DMN suppression in older adults with cardiovascular risk. The relations between the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Profile, cognitive task performance, and DMN function require further study.


Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Substância Branca/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Mapeamento Encefálico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
9.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 54(9): 1382-7, 2006 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16970646

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether increases in caloric intake associated with consumption of a mid-morning nutritional supplement for 3 weeks were maintained in the week after stopping the supplement and to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and cognitive and behavioral measures on this response. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a previously published randomized, crossover, nonblinded clinical trial. SETTING: A fully accredited geriatric care facility affiliated with the University of Toronto. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty institutionalized seniors with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) who ate independently. MEASUREMENTS: Investigator-weighed food intake, body weight, cognitive (Severe Impairment Battery; Global Deterioration Scale) and behavioral (Neuropsychiatric Inventory--Nursing Home version; London Psychogeriatric Rating Scale) assessments. RESULTS: Individuals who responded successfully to supplementation as indicated by increases in daily energy intake were likely to maintain 58.8% of that increase postsupplementation, although stopping the supplement was associated with decreased habitual energy intake in low-BMI individuals who reduced their daily intakes during supplementation in response to the extra calories. Cognitive/behavioral tests were not reliable predictors of postsupplement intake. CONCLUSION: Institutionalized seniors with probable AD are likely to alter their usual energy intakes to maintain changes resulting from 3 weeks of supplementation. This effect may allow for rotating supplementation schedules in nursing homes that could reduce staff burden, but only for those individuals who are most likely to respond favorably. These data indicate that nutritional supplements and diet plans should be carefully prescribed in low-BMI individuals to limit variability in total energy provided and thus prevent lower-than-normal intake.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Institucionalização , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino
10.
Neurobiol Aging ; 36(1): 90-9, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25212462

RESUMO

Food combinations have been associated with lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that a combination whole-food diet containing freeze-dried fish, vegetables, and fruits would improve cognitive function in TgCRND8 mice by modulating brain insulin signaling and neuroinflammation. Cognitive function was assessed by a comprehensive battery of tasks adapted to the Morris water maze. Unexpectedly, a "Diet × Transgene" interaction was observed in which transgenic animals fed the whole-food diet exhibited even worse cognitive function than their transgenic counterparts fed the control diet on tests of spatial memory (p < 0.01) and strategic rule learning (p = 0.034). These behavioral deficits coincided with higher hippocampal gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.013). There were no differences in cortical amyloid-ß peptide species according to diet. These results indicate that a dietary profile identified from epidemiologic studies exacerbated cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. We suggest that normally adaptive cellular responses to dietary phytochemicals were impaired by amyloid-beta deposition leading to increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Cognição , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Inflamação Neurogênica/etiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
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