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BACKGROUND: Myofibromas are rare benign neoplasms composed of myoid cells and myofibroblasts. This study aimed to systematically review case reports and a series of myofibromas (MF) and myofibromatosis (MFT) occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions in order to describe their main clinicopathological features. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic searches were conducted in 2023 in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. A manual search and a search in the grey literature were also conducted. The lesions were classified as MF or MFT according to their original report. RESULTS: A total of 169 cases were included in this systematic review. Men were slightly more affected, with a painless nodule. When occurring in soft tissue, MF usually developed in the gingiva (mean age:29.23 ± 21.93 years) and when it was intra-osseous, it occurred more frequently in the posterior mandible (mean age:14.33 ± 15.62 years). MFT occurred mainly in the mandible and was predominantly described as well-circumscribed masses of spindle cells organized in fascicles with a prominent vascular activity in a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. The lesions were mainly positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin immunomarkers. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice in the majority of cases and recurrence was observed in only three cases. CONCLUSION: MF and MFT affect more men, with an indolent clinical course. Intra-osseous tumors and MFT seem to occur more frequently in younger individuals. These lesions seem to have a good prognosis and low recurrence.
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Miofibroma , Miofibromatose , Humanos , Miofibroma/patologia , Masculino , Miofibromatose/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Adolescente , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , IdosoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Primordial odontogenic tumour is a benign mixed neoplasm of recent description, which has histological similarities with other odontogenic tumours such as the ameloblastic fibroma. In this article, we investigate the architecture of the sub-epithelial layer of mesenchymal cells expressing the marker CD34 in primordial odontogenic tumour. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the spatial patterns of CD34 expression in primordial odontogenic tumour and compare them with those in ameloblastic fibroma and the normal tooth germ by means of objective imaging approaches, to better characterise these lesions. METHODS: Two cases of primordial odontogenic tumour, four cases of ameloblastic fibroma and two cases of tooth germ in cap and bell stages were used for morphological, structural and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: CD34 expression was found in vascular endothelium of primordial odontogenic tumour, ameloblastic fibroma and tooth germ. In addition, a characteristic sub-epithelial expression was observed only in primordial odontogenic tumour, corresponding to 84%-86% of the sample boundaries. Moreover, the zone expressing CD34 corresponded with a higher cellularity, which was absent in ameloblastic fibroma and tooth germ. CONCLUSION: Image analysis of the primordial odontogenic tumour architecture revealed characteristics absent in other odontogenic tumours and tooth germs. This study provides additional information to support the idea that this neoplasm is a distinct entity from early stage AF or developing odontoma.
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Fibroma , Tumores Odontogênicos , Odontoma , Humanos , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Germe de Dente , Odontoma/patologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Primordial odontogenic tumour (POT) is a rare benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumour. POT is composed of dental papilla-like tissue covered with cuboidal to columnar epithelium that resembles to inner and outer enamel epithelium of the enamel organ without dental hard tissue formation. The aim of this study was to examine pathogenesis of POT based on tumourigenesis and odontogenesis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six cases of POT were submitted for study. DNA analysis and transcriptome analysis were performed by next-generation sequencing. Expression of amelogenin, ameloblastin and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There were no gene mutations detected in any of analysed 151 cancer- and 42 odontogenesis-associated genes. Enamel protein-coding genes of Amelx, Ambn and Enam, and dentin protein-coding genes of Col1a1, Dspp, Nes and Dmp1 were expressed, whereas expression of dentinogenesis-associated genes of Bglap, Ibsp and Nfic was negative or very weak suggesting inhibition of dentin formation in POT after odontoblast differentiation. Immunoreactivity of amelogenin, ameloblastin and DSPP was detected in POT. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenesis of POT is considered to be genetically different from other odontogenic tumours. It is suggested that inhibition of enamel and dentin formation in POT is due to defects in dentin formation process.
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Carcinogênese/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Odontogênese/genética , Tumores Odontogênicos/genética , Adolescente , Amelogenina/genética , Amelogenina/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/genética , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Sialoproteína de Ligação à Integrina/genética , Masculino , Fatores de Transcrição NFI/genética , Nestina/genética , Osteocalcina/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismoRESUMO
José Verocay (Paysandú 1876 - Eichwald/Dubí, Bohemia 1927) was a Uruguayan anatomopathologist, recognized worldwide as "Prague's pathologist" (Fig. 1). In 1910, he described, for the first time, the morphological structure later called Verocay's bodies, which are used for diagnosing schwannoma. He spent the end of the XIXth century and the beginning of XXth century in Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. During the last years of his life, he tried unsuccessfully to reintegrate himself into the Uruguayan academic community. In 1927, he passed away in Eichwald, Teplitz district, Bohemia. Keywords: Prague's pathologist - Veroca y - Verocay's bodies.
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Patologistas , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Patologistas/história , UruguaiRESUMO
Hypoxia has profound effects on cell physiology, both in normal or pathological settings like cancer. In this study, we asked whether a variant of coverslip-induced hypoxia that recapitulates the conditions found in the tumor microenvironment would elicit similar cellular responses compared to the well established model of cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia. Comparable levels of nuclear HIF-1α were observed after 24â¯h of coverslip-induced hypoxia or cobalt chloride treatment in CAL-27 oral squamous carcinoma cells. However, cellular stress levels assessed by reactive oxygen species production and lipid droplet accumulation were markedly increased in coverslip-induced hypoxia compared to cobalt chloride treatment. Conversely, mitochondrial ATP production sharply decreased after coverslip-induced hypoxia but was preserved in the presence of cobalt chloride. Coverslip-induced hypoxia also had profound effects in nuclear organization, assessed by changes in nuclear dry mass distribution, whereas these effects were much less marked after cobalt chloride treatment. Taken together, our results show that coverslip-induced hypoxia effects on cell physiology and structure are more pronounced than mimetic hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride treatment. Considering also the simplicity of coverslip-induced hypoxia, our results therefore underscore the usefulness of this method to recapitulate in vitro the effects of hypoxic microenvironments encountered by cells in vivo.
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Hipóxia Celular , Núcleo Celular , Cobalto , Cobalto/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Head and neck tumor differential diagnosis and prognosis have always been a challenge for oral pathologists due to their similarities and complexity. Artificial intelligence novel applications can function as an auxiliary tool for the objective interpretation of histomorphological digital slides. In this review, we present digital histopathological image analysis applications in oral squamous cell carcinoma. A literature search was performed in PubMed MEDLINE with the following keywords: "artificial intelligence" OR "deep learning" OR "machine learning" AND "oral squamous cell carcinoma". Artificial intelligence has proven to be a helpful tool in histopathological image analysis of tumors and other lesions, even though it is necessary to continue researching in this area, mainly for clinical validation.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in tooth germs (TGs), ameloblastic fibromas (AFs), ameloblastic fibro-odontomas (AFOs), and conventional ameloblastomas (AMs). STUDY DESIGN: Nine TGs, 12 AFs, 12 AFOs, and 27 AMs were evaluated for Cx43 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Most of the TGs expressed Cx43 in the mesenchyme (77.6%) and in the late stages of odontogenesis. Cx43 was more highly expressed (P < .05) in the mesenchymal layer of all groups than in the epithelial layer except for the AFOs. When comparing the expression of Cx43 in the different layers of the analyzed groups, statistically significant differences were observed between AFO vs AM (*P = .0158) in the epithelial layer and between AF vs AFO (P** = .0046) in the mesenchymal layer. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study showed that Cx43 is a protein with important expression in the mesenchymal layer of the embryonic and odontogenic tissues studied. It could be speculated that Cx43 participates in mineralization events based on the relationship of the expression of this protein between the epithelial and mesenchymal layers of odontogenic tissues.
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Ameloblastoma , Tumores Odontogênicos , Odontoma , Humanos , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Ameloblastoma/metabolismo , Germe de Dente/metabolismo , Germe de Dente/patologia , Odontoma/metabolismoRESUMO
Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses like HPV-16 and HPV-18 is highly associated with the development of cervical and other cancers. Malignant transformation requires viral oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7, which promote cell proliferation and increase DNA damage. Oxidative stress and hypoxia are also key factors in cervical malignant transformation. Increased levels of reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) are found in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, promoting genetic instability and invasiveness. In this work, we studied the combined effect of E5, E6 and E7 and hypoxia in increasing oxidative stress and promoting DNA damage and nuclear architecture alterations. HaCaT cells containing HPV-18 viral oncogenes (HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18) showed higher ROS levels in normoxia and higher levels of RNS in hypoxia compared to HaCaT parental cells, as well as higher genetic damage in hypoxia as measured by γH2AX and comet assays. In hypoxia, HaCaT E5/E6/E7-18 increased its nuclear dry mass and both cell types displayed marked heterogeneity in nuclear dry mass distribution and increased nuclear foci. Our results show contributions of both viral oncogenes and hypoxia to oxidative stress, DNA damage and altered nuclear architecture, exemplifying how an altered microenvironment combines with oncogenic transformation to promote tumor progression.
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Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Papillomavirus Humano 18/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Oncogenes , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a development cyst, of odontogenic origin, that differs from other entities by its infiltrating and aggressive biological behavior. Among conservative treatments for large lesions, surgical decompression stands out, with a variable recurrence rate. Aim: To evaluate the histological effects of decompression treatment on OKC, including cell proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial cyst. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 21 OKC cases were included. Samples were taken before and after surgical decompression for histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67, MCM4/7, Bax and Bcl2. Data were analyzed and compared using Student's t and Wilcoxon tests for related samples, and p values <0,05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: After decompression treatment an increase in inflammation of the cystic wall (p=0,029), loss of parakeratinization of the epithelium (p=0,007) and absence of palisade cell distribution in the basal layer were observed (p=0,002). There were no statistically significant changes in the expression of Ki-67 (p=0,323), MCM4/7 (p=0,079), Bax (p=0,392) or Bcl-2 when compared before and after decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression generates histological structural changes in OKC both in the epithelium and connective wall, however, these findings do not seem to alter induction of the cell cycle or epithelial apoptosis. Key words:Odontogenic keratocyst, MCM, Bax, Bcl2, Ki-67, apoptosis, decompression.
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BACKGROUND: Presence of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) might suggest that ameloblastomas recapitulate features of the enamel epithelium and induce bone resorption, which would facilitate their growth and local invasion. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of PTHrP in ameloblastomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational research study was designed including 39 cases of histologically diagnosed ameloblastomas (39 out of 42 patients gave consent for the use of their medical records and all data required for this study). Gender, age, tumor location, histological type and subtype of the tumor were recorded and PTHrP expression was determined by indirect immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti-human PTHrP (1D1 / Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Protein expression and intensity were evaluated under light microscope and finally data recorded and statistically analyzed. This research was approved by the Caracas West General Hospital review board. RESULTS: 39 cases of ameloblastomas were evenly distributed between genders (49% male and 51% female) with a mean age of 33 ± 3.53 years, mainly affecting the posterior mandible. 20 cases (51.28%) showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to PTHrP. 8 out of 15 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas and 12 out of 23 cases of unicystic ameloblastomas were PTHrP positive. Intense expression of PTHrP was observed in 4 unicystic ameloblastomas (all luminal subtype) and in 5 cases of conventional ameloblastomas. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study PTHrP expression in solid multicystic and unicystic ameloblastoma suggests its possible function in the biological behavior of the tumor. More studies are needed in order to determine the possible role of this protein related to bone invasion processes. Key words:Parathyroid hormone related protein, PTHrP, ameloblastoma, bone.
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Ameloblastomas are a group of benign, locally aggressive, recurrent tumors characterized by their slow and infiltrative growth. E-Cadherin and syndecan-1 are cell adhesion molecules related to the behavior of various tumors, including ameloblastomas. Ninety-nine ameloblastoma samples were studied; the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. E-Cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1 were more highly expressed in intraluminal/luminal unicystic ameloblastoma than in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, whereas the stromal expression of syndecan-1 was higher in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma. Synchronicity was observed between E-cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1; the expression was correlated with intensity in all cases. There was a strong association between expression and tumor size and recurrence. The evaluation of the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 are important for determining the potential aggressiveness of ameloblastoma variants. Future studies are required to understand how the expression of these markers is related to tumor aggressiveness.
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Ameloblastoma/metabolismo , Ameloblastoma/patologia , Caderinas/metabolismo , Sindecana-1/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Solid/conventional ameloblastoma (AM) and unicystic ameloblastoma (UAM) are the most frequent benign epithelial odontogenic tumors located in the maxillary region, and their treatment usually consists of extensive surgical resection. Therefore, it is relevant to study molecular markers to better understand the biological behavior of these tumors. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the expression of proteins related to cellular proliferation: Ki-67 and MCM4-6 complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An immunohistochemistry technique was performed, with antibodies against Ki-67, MCM4, MCM5, and MCM6, in 10 AM and 10 UAM tumors. The results were quantified using label index and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: AM and UAM had greater expression of MCM6, followed by MCM5, MCM4, and Ki-67 ( P < .05). Immunoexpression of Ki-67 and MCM5 was exclusively nuclear, whereas the expression of MCM4 and MCM6 was nuclear and cytoplasmic. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MCM5 is a trustable cell proliferation marker with higher sensitivity compared with Ki-67 and may be useful to predict the biological behavior of AM and UAM. Despite this, further studies are necessary, including a correlation with clinical parameters to confirm these findings.
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Ameloblastoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análise , Neoplasias Maxilares/patologia , Núcleo Celular/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Maxila/patologia , Componente 4 do Complexo de Manutenção de Minicromossomo/análise , Componente 6 do Complexo de Manutenção de Minicromossomo/análise , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Resumen Los tumores odontogénicos (TOs) son un grupo heterogéneo de lesiones que incluyen hamartomas hasta neoplasias benignas o malignas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre los aspectos moleculares y genéticos de algunos TOs benignos. A partir de los estudios revisados, se apoya la idea de que las causas genéticas pueden tener un papel importante en la etiología y en la patogénesis de algunos TOs. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre el tema aún no permiten concluir de manera sólida los mecanismos definitivos involucrados en el desarrollo y en la progresión de los TOs. Se sugiere el desarrollo de más estudios moleculares y genéticos que evalúen muestras significativas de TOs para establecer su etiopatogenia, facilitar su proceso diagnóstico y enriquecer su abordaje terapéutico.
Resumo Os tumores odontogênicos (TOs) são um grupo heterogêneo de lesões que variam desde hamartomas até neoplasias benignas ou malignas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura sobre os aspectos moleculares e genéticos de alguns TOs benignos. A partir dos estudos revisados, apoia-se que as causas genéticas podem desempenhar um papel importante na etiologia e patogênese de alguns TOs. No entanto, as pesquisas sobre o assunto ainda não permitem uma conclusão sólida sobre os mecanismos definitivos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e progressão dos TOs. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de mais estudos moleculares e genéticos para avaliar amostras significativas de TOs para estabelecer sua etiopatogenia, facilitar seu processo diagnóstico e enriquecer sua abordagem terapêutica.
Abstract Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are a heterogeneous group of lesions that range from hamartomas to benign or malignant neoplasms. The present study aimed to review the literature regarding the molecular and genetic aspects from some benign OTs. Based on the review of the included studies, it is supported that genetic background may play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of OTs. However, the body of evidence on the subject still does not allow to conclude the definitive mechanisms involved in the development and progression of OTs. It is suggested the development of further molecular and genetic studies evaluating significant samples of OTs to establish its etiopathogenesis, facilitate its diagnostic process and enrich the therapeutic approaches.
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La enfermedad por coronavirus es una infección respiratoria causada por el virus SARS-CoV 2, el cual genera una cascada de eventos sistémicos, afectando diferentes órganos y tejidos. El entendimiento de la fisiopatología del COVID-19 es indispensable no solo al momento de brindar tratamiento a los pacientes, sino que también para comprender las causas de las complicaciones que presentan un número importante de pacientes recuperados. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión actualizada de los efectos de la infección en diferentes órganos y sistemas principales que sea de utilidad como material de referencia para profesionales y estudiantes de la salud. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en los portales PubMED, Scielo, Google Scholar, Cochrane y Springer Link, así como en las bases de repositorios científicos pre-publicación bioRxiv ("bioarchives") y medRxiv ("med-archives") y sobre un total de cerca de 200 mil artículos, se seleccionaron 100 artículos para esta revisión en base a su relevancia o sugerencias de parte de profesionales especializados.
Coronavirus disease is a respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes a cascade of systemic events, affecting various organs and tissues. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is essential to treat patients and understand the causes of the complications in a significant number of recovered patients. This article presents a review of the effects of infection on various organs and systems that will be useful as reference material for healthcare professionals and medical students. To this end, a literature search was conducted in PubMED, Scielo, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Springer Link portals, as well as in the pre-publication scientific repositories bioRxiv ("bioarchives") and medRxiv ("med-archives") databases. From about 200,000 papers, 100 articles were selected for this review based on their relevance or suggestions from experts in the field.
A doença coronavírus é uma infecção respiratória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, que gera uma cascata de eventos sistêmicos, afetando diferentes órgãos e tecidos. Compreender a fisiopatologia da COVID-19 é essencial não apenas no tratamento de pacientes, mas também para compreender as causas das complicações que um número significativo de pacientes recuperados apresenta. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão atualizada dos efeitos da infecção em diferentes órgãos e principais sistemas que seja útil como material de referência para profissionais de saúde e estudantes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos portais PubMED, Scielo, Google Scholar, Cochrane e Springer Link, bem como nos repositórios científicos de pré-publicação bioRxiv ("bioarquivos") e medRxiv ("arquivos med"). Num total de cerca de 200 mil artigos, 100 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão por sua relevância ou sugestões de profissionais especializados.
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Humanos , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/fisiopatologia , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Doenças da Boca/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Resumen La amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) es un trastorno hereditario que afecta la estructura y apariencia clínica del esmalte dental. Hasta la fecha, se han asociado las mutaciones de 18 genes como la etiología de la AI no sindrómica. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar los conocimientos vigentes acerca de los genes ENAM, AMBN, FAM83H, MMP20 y KLK4 causantes de los diferentes tipos de AI. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica considerando artículos científicos desde el 2003 al 2021 sobre mutaciones en los genes mencionados en los siguientes portales: scielo, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane y Springer Link. Resultados: 37 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron utilizados para esta revisión. Conclusiones: Dependiendo del gen implicado, las alteraciones del esmalte pueden mostrar una variedad de características. Los mecanismos biológicos que conducen a la enfermedad son múltiples y variados, sin embargo, muchos de ellos no están del todo claro aún, por lo que se requerirá de más investigaciones para mejorar nuestra comprensión del tema.
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is an inherited disorder that affects the structure and clinical appearance of tooth enamel. Mutations of 18 genes have been associated as the etiology of AI. The objective of this work is to update the current knowledge about ENAM, AMBN, FAM83H, MMP20 and KLK4 genes that cause the different types of AI. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out considering scientific articles from 2003 to 2021 with regard to specific mutations in the aforementioned genes in the following portals: scielo, Pubmed / MEDLINE, Cochrane and Springer Link. Results: 37 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used for the development of this review. Conclusions: Depending on the gene involved, enamel alterations can show a variety of characteristics. The biological mechanisms that lead to the disease are multiple and varied, however many of them are not entirely clear yet, so more research will be required to improve our understanding of the subject.
A amelogênese imperfeita (AI) é uma doença hereditária que afeta a estrutura e aparência clínica do esmalte dentário. Mutações de 18 genes têm sido associadas como causa do AI. O objetivo deste trabalho é atualizar o conhecimento atual sobre genes ENAM, AMBN, FAM83H, MMP20 e KLK4 que causam os diferentes tipos de IA. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica considerando artigos científicos de 2003 até 2021 sobre mutações específicas nos genes citados nos seguintes portais: scielo, Pubmed / MEDLINE, Cochrane e Springer Link. Resultados: 37 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento desta revisão. Conclusões: Dependendo do gene envolvido, as alterações do esmalte podem apresentar uma variedade de características. Os mecanismos biológicos que levam à doença são múltiplos e variados, porém muitos de les ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, portanto, mais pesquisas serão necessárias para melhorar nossa compreensão do assunto.
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Amelogênese Imperfeita/genética , Esmalte Dentário , MutaçãoRESUMO
Ameloblastoma is a common and unpredictable odontogenic tumor with high relapse rates. Several studies assessing the proliferative capacity of these neoplasms have been published, mainly using the protein Ki-67. Cell counts must be completed to determine the cell proliferation rate. Multiple methods have been developed for this purpose. The most widely used method is the labeling index, which has undergone changes over time to better facilitate cell counting. Here, we compared manual cell counting methods with automated cell counting (ImmunoRatio) to determine the relative effectiveness of these methods. The results suggest that ImmunoRatio, a free software tool, may be highly advantageous and provide results similar to manual cell counting methods when used with the appropriate calibration. However, ImmunoRatio has flaws that may affect the labeling index results. Therefore, this automated cell counting method must be supplemented with manual cell counting methods.
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Ameloblastoma/imunologia , Contagem de Células/métodos , Antígeno Ki-67/imunologia , Ameloblastoma/patologia , Automação , Humanos , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
Resumen La ingeniería tisular es un área científica multidisciplinaria la cual tiene como finalidad terapéutica restaurar, sustituir o incrementar las actividades funcionales de los tejidos orgánicos. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la ingeniería tisular a nivel del área bucomaxilofacial. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica mediante los portales PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar, y LILACS, usando los términos "células madre, regeneración ósea y factores de crecimiento tisular". Resultados: Se obtuvieron 193 resultados positivos, de los cuales 24 se utilizaron para el desarrollo del presente trabajo. Discusión: Han sido expuestos varios biomateriales capaces de propiciar la neoformación ósea, siendo esencial su correcta manipulación, la conformación de una arquitectura adecuada y la sinergia de las diversas propiedades. Conclusiones: Los andamios son los que brindan mayor oferta para su uso y la elección de cada uno de ellos no depende del material en sí mismo.
Resumo: A engenharia de tecidos é uma área científica multidisciplinar cujo objetivo é restaurar, substituir e aumentar as atividades funcionais dos tecidos orgânicos. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura sobre engenharia de tecidos no nível da área bucomaxilofacial. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no portals PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar, e LILACS, utilizando os termos "células-tronco, regeneração óssea e fatores de crescimento tecidual". Resultados: foram obtidos 193 resultados positivos, dos quais 24 foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Discussão: Vários biomateriais capazes de promover a neoformação óssea foram expostos, sendo sua manipulação correta, a conformação de uma arquitetura adequada e a sinergia das várias propriedades. Conclusões: são os andaimes que oferecem a melhor oferta para seu uso e a escolha de cada um não depende do material propriamente dito.
Abstract Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary scientific area that has the therapeutic purpose of restoring, replacing, or increasing the functional activities of organic tissues. Objective: This work aims to review the literature on tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial procedures. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and LILACS, using the terms "stem cells," "bone regeneration," and "tissue growth factors." Results: In total, 193 positive results were obtained, of which 24 were used for this paper. Discussion: Several biomaterials capable of promoting bone neoformation have been described. They need to be adequately manipulated and have the right architecture and achieve the synergy of the various properties. Conclusions: Scaffolds have the widest uses, and selecting one does not depend on the material itself.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Engenharia Tecidual , Células-Tronco , Odontologia/tendênciasRESUMO
Con el fin de tener una mayor comprensión sobre el comportamiento biológico del mixoma odontogénico (MO), se realizó inmunohistoquímica en 31 muestras, utilizando marcadores relacionados con mecanismos de progresión tumoral (adhesión, angiogénesis, apoptosis, inflamación y proliferación celular). El epitelio odontogénico fue detectado en cuatro muestras mediante CK19 y CD138, este último, mostró expresión baja en matriz extracelular (MEC) y alta en las células tumorales. La microdensidad vascular (MDV) media fue de 7.51 y 5.35 vasos marcados con CD34 y VEGF-A respectivamente. Una alta expresión de Orosomucoide-1 y Mast Cell Tryptase se observó células tumorales y en MEC. El MO mostró negatividad para Calretinina. Este perfil inmunohistoquímico, la baja expresión para Ki-67, Bcl-2 y p53, y la relativamente baja MDV, sugieren que la actividad proliferativa, anti-apoptótica o angiogénica no representan los principales mecanismos de crecimiento del MO, los cuales podrían estar asociados a eventos como inmunomodulación y degradación de la MEC.
Immunohistochemistry tests were performed in 31 samples to elucidate the biological behavior of the odontogenic myxoma (OM), using markers related to mechanisms of tumor progression (adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation and cell proliferation). Odontogenic epithelium was detected in four samples with CK19 and CD138; the latter had a low expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a high expression in tumor cells. The mean microvascular density (MVD), assessed with CD34 and VEGF-A, was 7.51 and 5.35 blood vessels. A high expression of orosomucoid-1 and mast cell tryptase was observed in tumor cells and ECM, while calretinin was negative. The immunohistochemical profile mentioned above, as well as the low expression of Ki67, Bcl-2 and p53 and the relatively low MVD, suggest that the proliferative, antiapoptotic and angiogenic activities do not represent the main growing mechanisms of OM, which could be associated to other events, such as immunomodulation and ECM degradation.
Para melhor compreensão do comportamento biológico do mixoma odontogênico (MO), imuno-histoquímica foi realizada em 31 amostras, utilizando marcadores relacionados aos mecanismos de progressão tumoral (adesão, angiogênese, apoptose, inflamação e proliferação celular). Epitélio odontogênico foi detectado em quatro amostras por CK19 e CD138, o último mostrou baixa expressão na matriz extracelular (MEC) e alta em células tumorais. A microdensidade vascular (MDV) média foi de 7.51 e 5.35 vasos marcados com CD34 e VEGF-A, respectivamente. Uma alta expressão de Orosomucoide-1 e Mast Cell Tryptase foi observada nas células tumorais e na MEC. O MO mostrou negatividade para Calretinina. O perfil imuno-histoquímico mencionado acima, a baixa expressão de Ki-67, Bcl-2 e p53 e a relativamente baixa MDV, sugerem que a atividade proliferativa, anti-apoptótica ou angiogênica não representam os principais mecanismos de crescimento do MO, os quais poderiam estar associados com eventos como imunomodulação e degradação da MEC.
Assuntos
Imuno-Histoquímica , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Mixoma , Neovascularização PatológicaRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la expresión de diversos biomarcadores moleculares en liquen plano oral para ayudar a comprender su conducta biológica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio inmunohistoquímico en 40 casos de liquen plano oral contra BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histona 3, Ki-67, MCM3 y p53, en el Área de Patología Molecular Estomatológica de la Facultad de Odontología, UDELAR, Uruguay. Resultados: Se observó mayor expresión de BAX en contraposición con BCL-2, sugiriendo un comportamiento proapoptótico, respaldado a su vez por la ausencia de expresión de p53. La expresión de los marcadores de proliferación celular fue en todo el tejido lesional observado, sugiriendo así alteraciones de la proliferación. CD-138 se expresó de manera intensa y uniforme, determinando una baja alteración de las uniones intercelulares para estos casos. Conclusiones: La alteración en la expresión de las proteínas estudiadas sugiere un trastorno en los mecanismos proliferativos y apoptóticos, los cuales se asocian con una conducta patológica de la mucosa oral.
This study aims to establish an association of the expression of specific biomarkers in oral lichen planus to understandits biological behavior. Materials and methods: An immunohistochemistry study was conducted in 40 cases of oral lichen planus against BAX, BCL-2, CD138, Histone 3, Ki-67, MCM3 and p53 at the Molecular Pathology Area of the School of Dentistry, UDELAR, Uruguay. Results: A greater expression of BAX was detected compared to BCL-2, suggesting a pro-apoptotic behavior, supported by the absence of p53 expression. MCM3 expression was more sensitive than Ki-67, considering proliferation alterations. CD-138 had a more intense and uniform expression, determining fewer intercellular adhesion alterations. Conclusions: The expression of the proteins studied suggests an alteration in proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms, associated with a pathological behavior of the oral mucosa.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a expressão de vários biomarcadores moleculares no líquen plano oral para ajudar a compreender seu comportamento biológico. Materiais emétodos: Foi realizado um estudo imunohistoquímico em 40 casos de líquen plano oral contra BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histona 3, Ki-67, MCM3 e p53, na área de Patologia Molecular Estomatológica da Faculdade de Odontologia , UDELAR, Uruguai. Resultados: Observou-se aumento da expressão de BAX em contraste com BCL-2, sugerindo um comportamento proapoptótico, apoiado por sua vez pela ausência da expressão de p53. A expressão de marcadores de proliferação celular foi observada em todo o tecido da lesão, sugerindo alterações na proliferação. CD-138 foi expressado de maneira intensa e uniforme, determinando uma baixa alteração das junções intercelulares para esses casos. Conclusões: A alteração na expressão das proteínas estudadas sugere um distúrbio nos mecanismos proliferativos e apoptóticos, os quais estão associados a um comportamento patológico da mucosa oral.