RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) is a rare form of dyslipidaemia characterized by skin lesions such as palmar crease xanthoma and tuberous xanthomas. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and xanthomas associated with this disease. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old woman consulted for palmar crease xanthoma and tuberous xanthomas of the elbows with odd yellow-orange discoloration. Laboratory investigations demonstrated type-III HLP and a high serum lycopene level. After 14 weeks of lipid-lowering treatment, the xanthomas and discoloration showed improvement. In addition, lipid levels and serum lycopene had returned to normal. DISCUSSION: All cases of lycopenaemia reported in the literature followed excessive ingestion of lycopene in foods. We describe the first case of lycopenaemia with orange discoloration of xanthomas following raised serum lycopene but not involving excessive dietary intake. Type-III HLP was doubtless instrumental in the physiopathogenesis of these orange lesions.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/sangue , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo III/complicações , Transtornos da Pigmentação/etiologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Xantomatose/etiologia , Azetidinas/uso terapêutico , Ezetimiba , Feminino , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Licopeno , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Niacina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Xantomatose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Micronutrients (zinc, copper, selenium, vitamin A, E, and carotenoids) are essential for the integrity of host defences. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of abnormalities of the micronutrient levels in HIV-1-seropositive children. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: The study was performed on HIV-1-infected children at the Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Unit of Toulouse Hospital, France. PATIENTS: Twenty-one children, suffering from HIV-1 infection and 21 control subjects of similar age (2-9 years) were included in the study. In the HIV-1-infected children, two subgroups were considered according to stage (non-AIDS or AIDS), based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1987 criteria. RESULTS: The first statistically significant deficiencies occurred at non-AIDS stage and were confirmed at AIDS stage: P < 0.05 for lycopene, retinol, tocopherol and P < 0.001 for transthyretin and serum albumin. Levels of copper (40%) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (21%) were higher in the non-AIDS group than the controls. CONCLUSION: Biological impairing of the micronutrient levels was observed in the non-AIDS stage without clinical sign. This information is useful in delineating eventual and well considered nutritional intervention strategies that may improve the clinical status of HIV-1-infected children and perhaps alter the course of their disease.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/sangue , HIV-1 , Micronutrientes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/sangue , Carotenoides/deficiência , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cobre/sangue , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/sangue , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/classificação , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Licopeno , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Pré-Albumina/deficiência , Pré-Albumina/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Albumina Sérica/deficiência , Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/complicações , Vitamina E/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina E/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina E/complicaçõesRESUMO
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), treated by UV-C radiations under conditions permitting mildly oxidized LDL (6 +/- 2 nmol TBARS/mg apoB, without major structural or functional alteration of apoB), have been used for studying their cytotoxicity to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and the cytoprotective effect of various analogs of alpha-tocopherol. Toxic doses of oxidized LDL evoked intracellular events, such as cellular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and a sustained peak of [Ca2+]i (cytosolic calcium). The sustained [Ca2+]i peak seems to be directly involved in the genesis of cell injury leading to cell death in contrast to cellular TBARS, which seems to be either an earlier step of signal transduction or a side effect, as shown by inhibiting the [Ca2+]i rise by ethylene glycol-O,O'-bis(amino ethyl)-N1N1N'1N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) added just before the time of the [Ca2+]i peak. When alpha-tocopherol or trolox (a short-chain, water-soluble analog of alpha-tocopherol) were added to the culture medium simultaneously with oxidized LDL, they were able to increase the resistance of endothelial cells against the cytotoxic effect of oxidized LDL, whereas alpha-tocopheryl acetate and alpha-tocopheryl succinate were almost completely ineffective because of the liberation of only very low levels of alpha-tocopherol. Trolox exhibited a more potent cytoprotective effect than alpha-tocopherol (IC50: 1 +/- 0.2 and 8 +/- 2 mumol/l for trolox and alpha-tocopherol, respectively). As shown by preincubating cells with effective concentrations of alpha-tocopherol or trolox, the cytoprotective effect was completely independent of any inhibition of LDL oxidation and was remanent for 2 d with alpha-tocopherol or for 3-4 d with trolox. Cytoprotective concentrations of trolox and alpha-tocopherol did not inhibit LDL uptake but acted at the cellular level by blocking the formation of cellular TBARS and the sustained [Ca2+]i peak as well. The potential relevance of these data in relation to the prevention of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Cromanos/farmacologia , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Cinética , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
The properties of coenzymes Q (CoQ9 and CoQ10) are closely linked to their redox state (CoQox/total CoQ) x 100. In this work, CoQ redox state was biologically validated by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical measurement after modulation of mitochondrial electron flow of cultured cells by molecules increasing (rotenone, carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone) or decreasing (antimycin) CoQ oxidation. The tissue specificity of CoQ redox state and content were investigated in control and hypoxic rats. In control rats, there was a strong negative linear regression between tissular CoQ redox state and CoQ content. Hypoxia increased CoQ9 redox state and decreased CoQ9 content in a negative linear relationship in the different tissues, except the heart and lung. This result demonstrates that, under conditions of mitochondrial impairment, CoQ redox control is tissue-specific.
Assuntos
Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Ubiquinona/metabolismo , Células 3T3 , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Transporte de Elétrons/fisiologia , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Análise de Regressão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Distribuição Tecidual , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMO
Endogenous 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acids have been quantitated in human serum using a solvent extraction procedure followed by isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection. In healthy adults, after an overnight fasting period, the concentrations of 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acids yielded 5.3 +/- 2.43 nmol/l and 11.8 +/- 3.3 nmol/l, respectively (mean +/- SD). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of both isomers in serum from patients with idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in whom, the 13-cis- as well as all-trans-retinoic acid levels were raised as compared to the control group.
Assuntos
Hiperostose Esquelética Difusa Idiopática/sangue , Isotretinoína/sangue , Tretinoína/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Ligação ao Retinol/análise , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Vitamina A/sangueRESUMO
Weanling rats were fed vitamin A deficient diets (-A) or diets supplemented with vitamin A (+A) (4.4 mg retinol equivalents/kg diet) for a period of 7 or 6 wk, respectively. In liver tissues of these two groups of animals both the subcellular localization as well as the fatty acid composition of the retinyl esters was studied. During vitamin A supplementation or deprivation, the kinetics of the different ester forms were investigated. Results indicate that the subcellular localization of all retinyl esters is similar and dependent on age. Two pools exist, ie one consisting of the nuclear/cell debris and mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions and the other containing the microsomal and cytosol fractions. HPLC analysis showed retinyl palmitate as the predominating (80%) form of the various retinyl esters. By supplementation clearly two kinetic behaviours can be demonstrated: one being a relatively stable storage of the palmitate and stearate, increasing with time and the second one being a more labile pattern for the ester forms with other saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. By vitamin A depletion all retinyl esters are affected indicating that the ester forms other than palmitate and stearate are also storage forms of vitamin A.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos/análise , Fígado/análise , Deficiência de Vitamina A/metabolismo , Vitamina A/farmacocinética , Animais , Cromatografia , Ésteres/farmacocinética , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
We report the case of a 32-year-old man with portal hypertension without cirrhosis due to chronic vitamin A intoxication. Portal hypertension revealed by oesophageal varice rupture progressively worsened and ascites occurred 5 years after the patient stopped vitamin A intake. Initially, serum retinyl palmitate concentration was increased whereas serum retinol concentration was normal. There was no hepatic fibrosis on light microscopic examination of liver biopsy specimens. Five years after the patient stopped excessive vitamin A intake, serum retinol and retinol-binding protein concentrations were below the normal range even though there was an increased hepatic retinyl ester content. This was attributed to the late development of peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. This case mainly shows the importance of retinyl ester level determination: serum retinyl palmitate should be measured immediately after intoxication and hepatic retinyl esters should be measured initially and particularly later. Indeed, later serum and hepatic retinol levels in chronic hyper-vitaminosis A may be normal and lead to under-estimation of liver vitamin A overload.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Portal/induzido quimicamente , Hipervitaminose A/complicações , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Vitamina A/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Biópsia , Diterpenos , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/patologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico , Hipervitaminose A/sangue , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Ligação ao Retinol/análise , Ésteres de Retinil , Vitamina A/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is used for critically ill patients undergoing surgery, after trauma, or during disease conditions that favor oxidative stress. We studied the effect of TPN on liver oxidative metabolism and antioxidant defenses in rats, and we compared the effect of soybean oil- and olive oil-based diets. METHODS: Seven-week-old rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups. Two experimental groups received a TPN solution containing soybean oil (TPN-S) or a mixture of olive/soybean oil, 80/20 (TPN-O), IV for 6 days. Orally fed animals received a solid diet including soybean oil (Oral-S) or olive/soybean oil, 80/20 (Oral-O). The following parameters were measured: DL-alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A, malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA-TBARS), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) in serum; DL-alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (Cat) activity in liver homogenate; fatty acids from phospholipid, cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c2 reductase activity in liver microsomes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in liver cytosol. RESULTS: The soybean or olive oil diets modified the liver microsomal fatty acid phospholipid composition, but the unsaturation index remained unchanged. TPN specifically increased the saturation of the membrane. The cytochrome P-450 level and the NADPH-cytochrome c2 reductase, SOD, Gpx, Cat, and GST activities were unchanged by soybean oil or olive oil diet but decreased receiving TPN. CONCLUSIONS: In rats, TPN decreased the liver oxidative metabolism and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. This may be related to saturation of the liver microsomal fatty acids.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Lipídeos/química , Masculino , Azeite de Oliva , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The fumigation of stored foodstuffs with phosphine (PH3) is likely to become widely used in the future because of its technological efficiency and the rapid desorption of the fumigant. In a long-term feeding study of a phosphine-fumigated diet, rats were monitored for weight gain, food intake, plasma chemistry, haematology and urinary changes. Histopathological studies, including organ-weight determinations, were carried out after treatment of the rats for 1 and 2 yr. The results show that ingestion of a phosphine-fumigated diet by the rat for 2 yr does not cause any marked modification of growth, food intake, nitrogen balance, body composition, functional behaviour or the incidence or type of tumours.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Fumigação/efeitos adversos , Fosfinas/toxicidade , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sangue/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Neoplasias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The effects of subconjunctivally administered methylprednisolone acetate on adrenocortical function and blood composition were studied in five dogs. Two 10 mg doses of methylprednisolone acetate were injected at an interval of 21 days. Plasma cortisol concentrations (COR), ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations and other blood components were determined regularly. The normal plasma COR (5.7 +/- 2.62 ng/ml) was one of the lowest reported in the literature for the dog, possibly because of the specificity of the high performance liquid chromatographic assay and the experimental environment. Plasma COR was depressed only after the first administration of methylprednisolone acetate. ACTH stimulated COR was significantly depressed nine and 20 days after the first and second subconjunctival injection respectively. Otherwise blood composition was unchanged.
Assuntos
Córtex Suprarrenal/fisiologia , Cães/sangue , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Animais , Túnica Conjuntiva , Cães/fisiologia , Feminino , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Injeções , MasculinoRESUMO
Rats were fed vitamin A deficient diets (-A) or supplemented with vitamin A (+A) (4.4 mg retinol equivalents/kg diet), either without (-RA) or with retinoic acid (+RA) (12 mg/kg diet) supplementation for up to six weeks. Plasma and liver levels as well as the subcellular localization of vitamin A were determined. In rats reared on the vitamin A rich diet the localization of retinyl palmitate (principal reserve form) is shown to be dependent on age. Two pools exist, i.e. one consisting of the nuclear and mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions and the other containing the microsomal and cytosol fractions. A rapid replenishment of mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions occurs in the first weeks after the weaning. During six weeks of deficient diet an identical mobilization was seen from the different subcellular fractions. Supplementation with RA caused an immediate and sustained reduction of serum vitamin A levels but did not disturb the subcellular localization of retinyl palmitate. A relationship between these phenomena and the subcellular distribution of the retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH) and the cellular vitamin A binding proteins (CRBP) is likely to exist.
Assuntos
Fígado/metabolismo , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismo , Deficiência de Vitamina A/metabolismo , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Animais , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Dieta , Diterpenos , Crescimento , Cinética , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Ésteres de Retinil , Vitamina A/sangueRESUMO
The temporal effects of retinoic acid supplementation on hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes were studied on the rat. Four groups of male weanling rats were fed semi synthetic diets: two groups containing 0 or 4.4 mg retinol equivalents per kg diet as retinyl palmitate (A- RA- and A+ RA- groups) and two similar groups supplemented with all trans retinoic acid (12 mg/kg diet) (A- RA+ and A+ RA+ groups). After five or ten weeks of feeding, the rats were killed, liver microsomes were prepared and assayed for aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N demethylase activities and cytochrome P-450 levels. Whereas no change was observed between the four groups after 5 weeks, the following modifications appeared after 10 weeks: Vitamin A deficiency decreased hepatic drug metabolism by phase I enzymes (hydroxylase and N demethylase) but only when liver storage pool was not detectable. Vitamin A concentration as low as 4 micrograms/g is sufficient to avoid any perturbation of these enzymes. Parallel to a sparing effect on liver reserves of vitamin A, retinoic acid maintained a normal activity of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism. However, retinoic acid treatment produced an alteration of phase I enzymes in vitamin A supplemented group (A+ RA+). As this was accompanied by a doubling of vitamin A liver reserves, compared to A+ RA- group, it is suggested that this might result from a liver vitamin A overloading, leading to membrane damage perturbing microsomal enzymes. These results indicate the need for a more careful use of retinoids as a therapeutic agent.
Assuntos
Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Deficiência de Vitamina A/tratamento farmacológico , Aminopirina N-Desmetilase/metabolismo , Anilina Hidroxilase/metabolismo , Animais , Diterpenos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Ésteres de Retinil , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Vitamina A/farmacologia , Deficiência de Vitamina A/metabolismoRESUMO
The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among two to ten years old children in a rural area of Mali was assessed by ophthalmic examination, determination of plasma retinol levels and impression cytology with transfer tests. A Public Health problem of vitamin A deficiency was identified in this rural area by: the prevalence of nightblindness significantly (p < 0.001) above the cut-off (1%) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO); the prevalence of corneal scarring significantly (p < 0.001) above the WHO's cut-off (0.05%); the percentage of subjects with plasma retinol levels below 0.35 mumol/l (10 micrograms/dl) significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the WHO's threshold (5%); and 52.8 +/- 8.2% children with "Abnormal" impression cytology as determined by the impression cytology test (IC). This preliminary survey confirmed widespread vitamin A deficiency in Mali. The minimum sample size required for a study using the impression cytology test to determinate a Public Health problem in a population was calculated for different situations. Ophthalmic examination indicated a very high rate of active trachoma (29.6 +/- 7.0%), and a relationship between active trachoma and impression cytology results was identified.
Assuntos
Túnica Conjuntiva/citologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Saúde da População Rural , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina A/epidemiologia , Xeroftalmia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citodiagnóstico , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Olho , Humanos , Mali/epidemiologia , Exame Físico/métodos , Prevalência , Tracoma/etiologia , Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/complicações , Xeroftalmia/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether beta carotene is therapeutically equivalent to retinyl palmitate in the formulation currently recommended by the World Health Organisation. DESIGN: Randomised blind equivalence trial. SETTING: Rural area in Senegal. SUBJECTS: Children aged 2-15 years suffering from vitamin A deficiency as defined by abnormal results on eye cytology were randomly allocated treatment with retinyl palmitate (n = 256) and beta carotene (n = 254). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Reversion to normal results on eye cytology as defined by the reappearance of goblet cells and normalisation of the epithelial cells. RESULTS: Seven weeks after the supplement was given the percentages were 51.2% (124/242) children taking retinyl palmitate and 50.0% (123/246) of those taking beta carotene, who had reverted to normal eye cytology, a difference of 1.2% (95% confidence interval 6.2% to 8.6%) [corrected]. According to an equivalence testing procedure, the two treatments were statistically equivalent; the null hypothesis of non-equivalence was rejected (one tailed p value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: beta Carotene supplementation seems to be a promising candidate for the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency. It could be given either as high dose capsule or through increased dietary intake. The challenge now is to improve dietary intake of vitamin A in programmes that are effective and sustainable at the community level.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina A/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Adolescente , Carotenoides/farmacocinética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diterpenos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Retina/patologia , Ésteres de Retinil , Equivalência Terapêutica , Vitamina A/farmacocinética , Vitamina A/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina A/patologia , beta CarotenoRESUMO
This study was carried out in metabolically stable infants aged from one to six months receiving artificial food. The lipid serum fraction presenting changes characteristic of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency was determined. A preliminary study (n = 13 samples) showed that analysis of total fatty acids (TFA) and of phospholipids (PL) was more discriminatory than analysis of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG) or esterified cholesterol (EC). Comparison of TFA and PL (n = 25 samples) confirmed literature data; in particular, C18: 2 n-6 and C20: 4 n-6 decreased whereas C20: 3 n-9 increased. These changes were clearer and significantly greater (p less than 0.001) for C20: 3 n-9 and C20: 4 n-6 of the PL, but were also very significant for the TFA compared to healthy controls. The C20: n-9/C20: n-6 ratio was identical for all fractions. TFA analysis by gas-liquid chromatography is faster and less costly than analysis of lipid fractions and provides sufficient data for screening of EFA deficiency.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/deficiência , Lipídeos/sangue , Fracionamento Químico , Cromatografia Gasosa , Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/sangue , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
Thiamine deficiency is recognized in varied parts of the world. In Asia, it remains an important public health problem where highly polished rice is the major staple food and where other primary dietary sources of thiamine are in short supply. Beriberi, or clinically apparent thiamine deficiency, may present a variety of syndromes including myocardial dysfunction or wet beriberi, dry beriberi with neurological symptoms, and the more severe form Shoshin beriberi with cardiac failure and lactic acidosis. Infantile thiamine deficiency is a very rare condition in developed countries today. It occurs mainly in breastfed infants of mothers who have inadequate intake of thiamine. Clinical symptoms in such infants include gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac failure, and lactic acidosis. We report the case of a 10-week-old girl, admitted with diarrhea, vomiting, acidosis, and cardiac failure. After excluding other etiologies of cardiomyopathy, biochemical thiamine deficiency confirmed the diagnosis of beriberi in an infant of a thiamine-deficient mother from Reunion Island, a French island where recently, with Mayotte Island, epidemic cases of beriberi have been described. This case is important to highlight the manifestations in young infants and to alert physicians to the possibility of thiamine deficiency in developed countries.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Complicações na Gravidez , Deficiência de Tiamina/complicações , Deficiência de Tiamina/diagnóstico , Acidose/etiologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cardiomegalia/complicações , Comores , Diarreia/etiologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Tiamina/sangue , Tiamina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Tiamina/sangue , Deficiência de Tiamina/etiologia , Deficiência de Tiamina/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Complexo Vitamínico B/sangue , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Vômito/etiologiaAssuntos
Fígado/metabolismo , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismo , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Diterpenos , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Ésteres de Retinil , Espectrofotometria , Vitamina A/metabolismoAssuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Leucina/sangue , Doença da Urina de Xarope de Bordo/sangue , Doença da Urina de Xarope de Bordo/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/economia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas , Progressão da Doença , Nutrição Enteral , Hemodiafiltração , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Doença da Urina de Xarope de Bordo/classificação , Doença da Urina de Xarope de Bordo/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Ancestral lymphoid cells reside in adipose tissues, and their numbers are highly altered in obesity. Leptin, production of which is correlated to fat mass, is strongly involved in the relationships between adipose tissues and immune system. We investigated in epididymal (EPI) and inguinal (ING) fat pads to determine whether 1) lymphocyte phenotypes were correlated to the tissue weight and 2) leptin was involved in such relationships. Immunohistological analyses revealed a tight relationship between the T and NK lymphocytes of the stromal vascular fraction and adipocytes. We identified a significant negative and positive correlation between EPI weight and the percentage of NK and total T cells respectively by cytofluorometric analyses. The NK and ancestral gammadelta T cell contents were directly dependent of leptin since they increased significantly in high-fat (HF) diet mice but not in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as compared to control. By contrast, the alphabeta T cell content seemed independent of leptin because their percentages increased significantly with the EPI weight whatever the type of mice (control, HF, ob/ob). The present study suggests that adipose tissues present, according to their localization, different immunological mechanisms that might be involved in the regulation of adipose cells functions and proliferations.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/imunologia , Adiposidade/imunologia , Leptina/fisiologia , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Animais , Complexo CD3/análise , Epididimo/química , Epididimo/citologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Integrina alfa2/análise , Células Matadoras Naturais/química , Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Leptina/genética , Linfócitos/química , Linfócitos/citologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores para Leptina , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/química , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/química , Linfócitos T/citologiaRESUMO
We have recently shown the kinetic behavior of liver retinyl esters in rats with adequate vitamin A levels receiving oral vitamin supplementation. In the present work we have studied the effects of intramuscular administration of a vitamin A preparation on the metabolism of vitamin A in the rat. Retinol administered intramuscularly to rats in the form of an emulsion brought about a significant increase in the serum and liver concentration of vitamin A; this increase was slightly less than in orally treated rats. In each group, retinyl palmitate constituted 80-85% of the total retinyl esters, followed by stearate (9-13%), laurate, palmitoleate, myristate, linoleate and pentadecanoate making up 3-10%. The subcellular localization of all retinyl esters is similar and dependent on age but not on the route of administration. These results indicate that although the best hepatic storage is achieved with an orally administered vitamin A emulsion, the intramuscular administration of a physiological dose might provide an effective supplementation method if oral vitamin A is contraindicated.