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1.
Ann Pharm Fr ; 81(5): 882-892, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36796508

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Design the competency framework and an interview guide for patients with PICC line or midline. Develop a patient satisfaction evaluation questionnaire. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team has developed a reference system for the skills of patients with PICC line or midline. The skills are classified in three categories: knowledge, know-how and attitudes. An interview guide was written in order to transmit the priority skills, determined beforehand, to the patient. A second multidisciplinary team designed a questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The competency framework includes nine competencies: four, knowledge-based; three, know-how-based and two, attitude-based. Among these competencies, five were considered to be priorities. The interview guide is a tool that allows care professionals to transmit the priority skills to patients. The satisfaction questionnaire explores the information received by the patient, the passage through the interventional technical platform, the end of the management before the return home, and the overall satisfaction of the patients with the course of the device placement. Over a 6-month period, 276 patients responded with a high satisfaction rate. CONCLUSIONS: The PICC line or midline patient's competency framework has made it possible to list all the skills that patients should acquire. The interview guide serves as a support for the care teams in the patient education process. This work could be used by other establishments to develop the educational process around these vascular access devices.


Assuntos
Atitude , Cateterismo Periférico , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoal de Saúde/educação
2.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 177(8): 969-971, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33485636

RESUMO

We describe a rare midbrain stroke presenting with predominantly sensory symptoms. A 71-year-old woman was hospitalized due to the recurrence of faciobrachial sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an infarct involving the right side of the middle portion of midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus. In our case we tried to make some clinico-anatomical correlations. The main anatomical structures involved were the medial lemniscal tract, the ventral part of the spinothalamic tract and the trigeminothalamic tract. The location of the stroke would suggest there are overlaps between arterial territories of the midbrain. Clinicians should look for midbrain infarcts in cases of pure sensory stroke.


Assuntos
Mesencéfalo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Mesencéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tratos Espinotalâmicos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem
3.
Inorg Chem ; 59(19): 13972-13978, 2020 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32924451

RESUMO

Unlike the classical organometallic approach, we report here a synthetic pathway requiring no reducing sources or heating to produce homogeneous hexagonal-close-packed cobalt nanocrystals (Co NCs). Involving a disproportionation process, this simple and fast (6 min) synthesis is performed at room temperature in the presence of ecofriendly fatty alcohols to passivate Co NCs. Through a recycling step, the yield of Co NCs is improved and the waste generation is limited, making this synthetic route cleaner. After an easy exchange of the capping ligands, we applied them as unsupported catalysts in the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes.

4.
Environ Manage ; 61(2): 321-336, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29185008

RESUMO

When the Amazonian rain forest is cut to create pasture, some of the original vegetal species survive clearing, even expressing their ability to invade agro-systems. It is true of the babassu palm, which can be considered, paradoxically, a natural resource by the "Interstate Movement of Babassu Fruit Breaker Women" or as native weed by land owners-farmers. To manage potential conflict of land uses, we study here the current density of this palm tree in different habitats, based on a combination of field data and remote sensing data. Firstly, we checked that the field survey methodology (i.e., counting free-trunk palm trees over 20 cm in circumference) provides density values compatible with those stemming from satellite images interpretation. We can see then that, a PA-Benfica Brazilian territory revealed an average density of the babassu lower in pastures (2.86 ind/ha) than in the dense forest (4.72 ind/ha) from which they originate and than in fallow land (4.31 ind/ha). We analyze in detail density data repartition in three habitats and we discuss results from the literature on the density of this palm tree versus its resilience at different developmental stages after forest clearing, depending on anthropogenic-or not-factors, including solar radiation, fire, weeding, clear cutting, burying fruit, and competition with forage grass. All these results can be exploited for the design of future management plans for the babassu palm and we think that the linked methodology and interdisciplinary approach can be extended to others palms and trees species in similar problematic issues.


Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Arecaceae , Floresta Úmida , Imagens de Satélites , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Incêndios , Árvores
6.
Osteoporos Int ; 28(7): 2045-2051, 2017 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28337523

RESUMO

The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and hip fracture (HF) incidence was analyzed in France in 2008. In men and women, a decrease in HF incidence was observed as the social deprivation index increased. This result may be partly due to the protective effect of increasing body weight against HF. INTRODUCTION: Regional variations in hip fracture (HF) incidence exist worldwide. Reasons for these variations remain unknown. As regional variations have also been observed for socioeconomic status, we analyzed the association between socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and HF incidence in France in 2008. METHODS: From the French Hospital National Database, we selected all HF encoded as primary diagnosis in persons aged 30 years and over. The recently published French version of the European Deprivation Index (EDI) was used for SED analysis, and an EDI score was measured for the year 2007 in each French local municipality. The EDI score was categorized in quintiles. Poisson regression was performed to examine the association between HF incidence and EDI adjusted for age and sex. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was measured to calculate the proportion of excess cases of HF associated with social affluence. RESULTS: In 2008, 83,538 HF were reported in France of which 59,143 were included in this study. Among them, 44,401 fractures occurred in women (75%) and 14,742 in men (25%). In both men and women, there was a decrease in the HF incidence with increasing SED index. In Poisson regression, the interaction of age class and sex was significant (p < 0.0001) and the EDI in quintiles was significantly associated with the incidence of HF (p < 0.0001). A higher number of people living in affluent residential areas corresponded to a higher risk of HF. The risk of HF is 2.42 times higher for those living in the most affluent group compared to those living in the most underprivileged group. The value of the PAF was calculated at 27.1%. CONCLUSION: Social disparities in HF incidence exist in France with the most deprived municipalities having the lowest incidence. Prior knowledge demonstrates the strong relationships between body weight and HF risk as well as between body weight and the SED. The link found in our study between EDI and HF incidence as well as regional and temporal variations in HF incidence may be partly due to the protective effect of increased body weight against HF.


Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Classe Social , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Rev Med Brux ; 38(6): 482-489, 2017.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29318804

RESUMO

The prevalence of obesity has grown steadily in recent years, making it almost an epidemic. Obesity is a chronic condition whose prognosis is burdened by severe comorbidities. Both the quality of life and the life expectancy are affected. The medical management of morbid obesity is still the rule, but surgical practices are developing rapidly. While bariatric surgery in adults is common and gives excellent results, in adolescents, its practice is less prevalent. Beyond issues specific to this developmental period, this question raises ethical issues. In this context, the pluridiscplinary team faces diverse determinants and challenges and the child and adolescent psychiatrist (CAP) is, the psychiatrist is summoned for psychopathological aspects but also for embarrassing questions. In this work, we are going to specify the role of the CAP in the practice of bariatric surgery.


L'obésité dont la prévalence n'a cessé de croître ces dernières années, est en passe de devenir une véritable épidémie. Affection chronique, le pronostic de l'obésité morbide est grevé de co- morbidités sévères altérant la qualité de vie des patients et amputant leur espérance de vie. Les prises en charge diététique et médicale restent les plus répandues. Cependant, les pratiques chirurgicales n'ont cessé de se développer. Alors que la chirurgie bariatrique chez l'adulte est devenue courante, sa pratique chez l'adolescent est moins fréquente et se prête moins à la banalisation. Au-delà des enjeux développe- mentaux spécifiques à la période particulière qu'est l'adolescence, cette question soulève des considérations éthiques et suscite des positionnements extrêmes. Dans ce contexte aux déterminants flous et aux enjeux tant sociétaux que médicaux, le pédopsychiatre peut être convoqué, au-delà de la question psycho- pathologique, pour statuer sur des questions relevant plus de la morale que de la science. Nous nous attèlerons donc, au long de ce travail, à définir les différents objets de soins somatiques ou psychiques qui rassemblent les praticiens de différents bords au chevet de l'obésité et à expliciter la fonction psy dans ces prises en charge.

8.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 17(12): 1150-7, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26264812

RESUMO

AIMS: To validate strategies to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycaemia via insulin-dose adjustment in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on pump therapy. METHODS: A total of 20 patients randomly performed four 30-min late post-lunch (3 h after lunch) exercise sessions and a rest session: two moderate sessions [50% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)] with 50 or 80% basal rate (BR) reduction during exercise + 2 h and two intense sessions (75% VO2 max) with 80% BR reduction or with their pump stopped. Two additional early post-lunch sessions (90 min after lunch) were analysed to compare hypoglycaemia incidence for BR reduction versus bolus reduction. RESULTS: In all, 100 late post-lunch sessions were analysed. Regardless of exercise type and BR reduction, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred in the period until the next morning than occurred after the rest sessions. In the afternoon, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 80% BR reduction/moderate exercise or with pump discontinuation/intense exercise than for the rest session, whereas more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 50% BR reduction/moderate exercise and 80% BR reduction/intense exercise. After early post-lunch exercise (n = 37), a trend towards fewer hypoglycaemic episodes was observed with bolus reduction versus BR reduction (p = 0.07). Mean blood glucose fell by ∼3.3 mmol/l after 30 min of exercise, irrespective of dose reduction, remaining stable until the next morning with no rebound hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION: In adults with T1D, to limit the hypoglycaemic risk associated with 30 min of exercise 3 h after lunch, without carbohydrate supplements, the best options seem to be to reduce BR by 80% or to stop the pump for moderate or intense exercise, or for moderate exercise 90 min after lunch, to reduce the prandial bolus rather than the BR.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Exercício Físico , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Algoritmos , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipoglicemia/epidemiologia , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/sangue , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Insulina/efeitos adversos , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Almoço , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monitorização Ambulatorial , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Esforço Físico/efeitos dos fármacos , Período Pós-Prandial , Risco , Método Simples-Cego
9.
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis ; 32(11): 1973-81, 2015 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26560912

RESUMO

Cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance filters (CRIGFs) are optical filters based on weak coupling by a grating between a free-space propagating optical mode and a guided mode, like guided-mode resonance filters (GMRFs). As compared to GMRFs they offer narrowband reflection with small aperture and high angular acceptance. We report experimental characterization and theoretical modeling of unexpected high-order reflected modes in such devices. Using coupled-mode modeling and moiré analysis we provide physical insight on key mechanisms ruling CRIGF properties. This model could serve as a simple and efficient framework to design new reflectors with tailored spatial and spectral modal reflectivities.

10.
Opt Express ; 22(12): 15088-96, 2014 Jun 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24977601

RESUMO

Plasmonic dark modes are pure near-field resonances since their dipole moments are vanishing in far field. These modes are particularly interesting to enhance nonlinear light-matter interaction at the nanometer scale because radiative losses are mitigated therefore increasing the intrinsic lifetime of the resonances. However, the excitation of dark modes by standard far field approaches is generally inefficient because the symmetry of the electromagnetic near-field distribution has a poor overlap with the excitation field. Here, we demonstrate the selective optical excitation of bright and dark plasmonic modes of single gold nanorods by spatial phase-shaping the excitation beam. Using two-photon luminescence measurements, we unambiguously identify the symmetry and the order of the emitting modes and analyze their angular distribution by Fourier-space imaging.

11.
Cytokine ; 69(1): 87-93, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25022966

RESUMO

Interleukin (IL)-35 was initially described as an immunosuppressive cytokine specifically produced by CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Since Treg play a major role in autoimmunity control and protect from inflammation, we aimed at evaluating the role of IL-35 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using a non-viral gene transfer strategy. The clinical and histological effect of IL-35 was assessed in mice with CIA receiving an injection of two distinct plasmids encoding IL-35 gene (pIGneo-mIL-35 or pORF-mIL-35) 3 and 18 days after CIA induction. Treg and Th17 were characterized by flow cytometry in the spleen and lymph nodes of treated mice. Our results showed that whatever the plasmid used, IL-35 gene transfer resulted in a statistically significant increase in clinical scores of CIA compared to results with empty plasmid. The underlying cellular mechanisms of this effect were shown to be related to an increased Th17/Treg ratio in the spleen of pORF-mIL-35 treated mice. In conclusion, we show an unexpected but clear exacerbating effect of IL-35 gene transfer in an autoimmune and inflammatory RA model, associated with a modification of the Th17/Treg balance. Altogether, these result shows that this cytokine can promote chronic inflammation.


Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/patologia , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Terapia Genética/métodos , Inflamação/genética , Interleucinas/genética , Animais , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Colágeno , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Inflamação/imunologia , Selectina L/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Células Th17/imunologia
12.
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact ; 14(3): 246-54, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25198219

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess bone-muscle (B-M) indices as risk factors for incident fractures in men. METHODS: Participants of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study completed a peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan at 66% of their tibial length. Bone macrostructure, estimates of bone strength, and muscle area were computed. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition were assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Four year incident non-spine and clinical vertebral fractures were ascertained. B-M indices were expressed as bone-to-muscle ratios for: strength, mass and area. Discriminative power and hazards ratios (HR) for fractures were reported. RESULTS: In 1163 men (age: 77.2±5.2 years, body mass index (BMI): 28.0±4.0 kg/m(2), 4.1±0.9 follow-up years, 7.7% of men ⋝1 fracture), B-M indices were smaller in fractured men except for bending and areal indices. Smaller B-M indices were associated with increased fracture risk (HR: 1.30 to 1.74) independent of age and BMI. Strength and mass indices remained significant after accounting for lumbar spine but not total hip aBMD. However, aBMD correlated significantly with B-M indices. CONCLUSION: Mass and bending B-M indices are risk factors for fractures in men, but may not improve fracture risk prediction beyond that provided by total hip aBMD.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/patologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Composição Corporal , Densidade Óssea , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Fraturas por Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
13.
Animal ; 18(10): 101312, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39299044

RESUMO

Owing to the social, environmental and health changes in Europe, meat quality is becoming a critical issue for the long-term future of livestock farming. Label Rouge (LR) is a quality label owned by the French government that identifies food products produced inside or outside the European Union. This label guarantees the superior quality of a product compared with a standard product. This superior quality is guaranteed throughout the production process by specifications negotiated between the Institut National de l'Origine et de la Qualité (INAO) and operators in the sector. These specifications comprise two documents: first, common production conditions that apply to all specifications in a sector, and second, a book of specifications (BoSs). These two documents, which form the qualification mechanism, are divided into several parts: product name, product description, traceability, production method, labelling and the main control points. This study aims to understand how the LR defines lamb meat quality in the 11 existing BoSs using the seven dimensions of quality of animal-source foods (nutritional, sensory, commercial, technological, safety, convenience and image). We performed a computerised qualitative transversal analysis of the commitments associated with the production method and description of the product. This analysis was enriched by five semi-structured interviews with INAO members. We show that although LR is committed to all aspects of lamb meat quality, the sensory, image and carcass commercial quality attributes are predominant. However, the image attribute of quality is so ubiquitous that it required refinement to provide a better understanding of the construction of quality in terms of its environmental, ethical and cultural components.


Assuntos
Qualidade dos Alimentos , Animais , Ovinos , França , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , Carne Vermelha/análise , Carne Vermelha/normas , Carne/análise , Carne/normas , União Europeia
14.
J Hosp Infect ; 149: 155-164, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705477

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the residual risk of waterborne contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a water network colonized by a single genotype [sequence type (ST) 299] despite the presence of antimicrobial filters in a medical intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: During the first 19-month period since the ICU opened, contamination of the water network was assessed monthly by collecting water upstream of the filters. Downstream water was also sampled to assess the efficiency of the filters. P. aeruginosa isolates from patients were collected and compared with the waterborne ST299 P. aeruginosa by multiplex-rep polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing. Cross-transmission events by other genotypes of P. aeruginosa were also assessed. RESULTS: Overall, 1.3% of 449 samples of filtered water were positive for P. aeruginosa in inoculum, varying between 1 and 104 colony-forming units/100 mL according to the tap. All P. aeruginosa hydric isolates belonged to ST299 and displayed fewer than two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among 278 clinical isolates from 122 patients, 10 isolates in five patients showed identical profiles to the hydric ST299 clone on both multiplex-rep PCR and PFGE, and differed by an average of fewer than five SNPs, confirming the water network reservoir as the source of contamination by P. aeruginosa for 4.09% of patients. Cross-transmission events by other genotypes of P. aeruginosa were responsible for the contamination of 1.75% of patients. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial filters are not sufficient to protect patients from waterborne pathogens when the water network is highly contaminated. A microbiological survey of filtered water may be needed in units hosting patients at risk of P. aeruginosa infections, even when all water points-of-use are fitted with filters.


Assuntos
Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genótipo , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Infecções por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Microbiologia da Água , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classificação , Humanos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/transmissão , Filtração/instrumentação , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Tipagem Molecular , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco
15.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431252

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is classified according to neurophysiological and histological findings, the inheritance pattern, and the underlying genetic defect. The objective of these guidelines is to offer recommendations for the diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and treatment of this disease in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: These consensus guidelines were developed through collaboration by a multidisciplinary panel encompassing a broad group of experts on the subject, including neurologists, paediatric neurologists, geneticists, physiatrists, and orthopaedic surgeons. RECOMMENDATIONS: The diagnosis of CMT is clinical, with patients usually presenting a common or classical phenotype. Clinical assessment should be followed by an appropriate neurophysiological study; specific recommendations are established for the parameters that should be included. Genetic diagnosis should be approached sequentially; once PMP22 duplication has been ruled out, if appropriate, a next-generation sequencing study should be considered, taking into account the limitations of the available techniques. To date, no pharmacological disease-modifying treatment is available, but symptomatic management, guided by a multidiciplinary team, is important, as is proper rehabilitation and orthopaedic management. The latter should be initiated early to identify and improve the patient's functional deficits, and should include individualised exercise guidelines, orthotic adaptation, and assessment of conservative surgeries such as tendon transfer. The follow-up of patients with CMT is exclusively clinical, and ancillary testing is not necessary in routine clinical practice.

16.
Phys Med Biol ; 68(22)2023 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37848039

RESUMO

In the domains of medicine and space exploration, refining risk assessment models for protecting healthy tissue from ionizing radiation is crucial. Understanding radiation-induced effects requires biological experimentations at the cellular population level and the cellular scale modeling using Monte Carlo track structure codes. We present MINAS TIRITH, a tool using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo-generated databases to study DNA damage distribution at the cell population scale. It introduces a DNA damage location module and proposes a method to convert double-strand breaks (DSB) into DNA Damage Response foci. We evaluate damage location precision and DSB-foci conversion parameters. MINAS TIRITH's accuracy is validated againstγ-H2AX foci distribution from cell population exposed to monoenergetic neutron beams (2.5 or 15.1 MeV) under different configurations, yielding mixed radiation fields. Strong agreement between simulation and experimental results was found demonstrating MINAS TIRITH's predictive precision in radiation-induced DNA damage topology. Additionally, modeling intercellular damage variability within a population subjected to a specific macroscopic dose identifies subpopulations, enhancing realistic fate models. This approach advances our understanding of radiation-induced effects on cellular systems for risk assessment improvement.


Assuntos
Núcleo Celular , Dano ao DNA , Núcleo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Nêutrons , Método de Monte Carlo
17.
Phys Med Biol ; 68(3)2023 01 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36623319

RESUMO

Objective. The mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage can be understood via the fundamental acquisition of knowledge through a combination of experiments and modeling. Currently, most biological experiments are performed by irradiating an entire cell population, whereas modeling of radiation-induced effects is usually performed via Monte Carlo simulations with track structure codes coupled to realistic DNA geometries of a single-cell nucleus. However, the difference in scale between the two methods hinders a direct comparison because the dose distribution in the cell population is not necessarily uniform owing to the stochastic nature of the energy deposition. Thus, this study proposed the MINAS TIRITH tool to model the distribution of radiation-induced DNA damage in a cell population.Approach. The proposed method is based on precomputed databases of microdosimetric parameters and DNA damage distributions generated using the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo Toolkit. First, a specific energyzwas assigned to each cell of an irradiated population for a particular absorbed doseDabs,following microdosimetric formalism. Then, each cell was assigned a realistic number of DNA damage events according to the specific energyz,respecting the stochastic character of its occurrence.Main results. This study validated the MINAS TIRITH tool by comparing its results with those obtained using the Geant4-DNA track structure code and a Geant4-DNA based simulation chain for DNA damage calculation. The different elements of comparison indicated consistency between MINAS TIRITH and the Monte Carlo simulation in case of the dose distribution in the population and the calculation of the amount of DNA damage.Significance. MINAS TIRITH is a new approach for the calculation of radiation-induced DNA damage at the cell population level that facilitates reasonable simulation times compared to those obtained with track structure codes. Moreover, this tool enables a more direct comparison between modeling and biological experimentation.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , DNA , Simulação por Computador , DNA/química , Método de Monte Carlo
18.
Pathobiology ; 79(5): 239-46, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22722563

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Mummified nervous tissue is very rarely found in ancient remains and usually corresponds to corpses which were frozen or preserved in bogs, conditions which limit tissue autolysis and bacterial degradation. Here, we show the unusual finding of spontaneously mummified brain tissue from several individuals from the little known megalithic talaiotic culture of the island of Minorca, dating approximately 3,000 years before present and corresponding to the late Mediterranean Bronze Age. METHODS: These individuals were part of an intact burial site containing 66 subjects. Intracraneal samples were carefully rehydrated with Sandison's solution. We used classical histochemical as well as 2D and 3D (scanning) electron-microscopic techniques. RESULTS: We provide evidence of the nervous nature of the samples as well as a detailed description of the morphological features of these ancient tissues. The intracranial material consisted of well-preserved eosinophilic reticular tissue and, although mostly absent, some exceptional pigment-containing neurons were identified. CONCLUSIONS: We present a detailed morphological analysis which can provide valuable information and guidelines for the interpretation of this scarce type of mummified samples and provide explanations for this surprising preservation.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Múmias/patologia , Neurologia/métodos , Neurônios/patologia , Paleopatologia/métodos , Adulto , Sepultamento/história , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , História Antiga , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Múmias/história , Espanha , Manejo de Espécimes , Coloração e Rotulagem
19.
Osteoporos Int ; 22(9): 2475-85, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21104232

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: We examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with indices of bone quality in older men. Positive associations for 25(OH)D and bone mineral density, content, cortical thickness, and axial and polar strength strain indices were observed among Caucasians; however, among men of African descent findings were either null or negative. INTRODUCTION: There are limited data on serum 25(OH)D and bone measures in men of African ancestry. To better understand racial differences in vitamin D status and bone health, a cross-sectional study among 446 Caucasian men in the US and 496 men of African ancestry in Tobago (age ≥ 65 years) was conducted. METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D (liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry) was measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans were administered. Bone measures estimated included trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone geometry (cross-sectional area and cortical thickness), and polar and axial strength strain indices (SSIp and SSIx). RESULTS: Men of African ancestry had higher 25(OH)D than Caucasians (34.7 vs. 27.6 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Among Caucasians, 25(OH)D was positively (p trend < 0.05) associated with cortical vBMD, total BMC, cortical thickness, SSIp, and SSIx at the distal radius after adjustment for potential confounders. Similar patterns were observed at the distal tibia. In contrast, in men of African ancestry, there was an inverse association (p trend < 0.05) between 25(OH)D and the cross-sectional area, and SSIx. Race modified (p for interaction < 0.05) the association between 25(OH)D and total BMC, cross-sectional area, SSIp, SSIx, and trabecular vBMD of the radius. In men of African ancestry, there was evidence of a threshold effect (at approximately 18 ng/ml) for 25(OH)D on tibial total BMC and cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS: More studies are needed to better comprehend these race differences for 25(OH)D and bone density, geometry, and indices of bone strength.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Rádio (Anatomia) , Tíbia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Idoso , População Negra , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pennsylvania , Rádio (Anatomia)/anatomia & histologia , Rádio (Anatomia)/fisiologia , Tíbia/anatomia & histologia , Tíbia/fisiologia , Trinidad e Tobago/etnologia , Vitamina D/sangue , População Branca
20.
J Hosp Infect ; 107: 28-34, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32980490

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic surgery is associated with high morbidity, mainly due to infectious complications, so many centres use postoperative antibiotics (ATBpo) for all patients. However, antibiotic regimens vary according to local practices. The aims of this study were to describe the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) and ATBpo prescription after pancreatic surgery, and to determine the risk factors of postoperative SSI, in order to better define the clinical indications for ATBpo in this context. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing scheduled major pancreatic surgery from January 2007 to November 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were classified into four groups according to SSI and routine ATBpo prescription: SSI+/ATBpo+, SSI-/ATBpo+, SSI+/ATBpo- and SSI-/ATBpo-. In addition, risk factors (fever and pre-operative biliary prosthesis) associated with the occurrence of SSI and ATBpo were analysed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Data from 149 patients (115 pancreaticoduodenectomies and 34 splenopancreatectomies) were analysed. Thirty (20.1%) patients experienced SSI and 42 (28.2%) received ATBpo. No difference was found in routine ATBpo prescription between patients with and without SSI (26.7% vs 28.6%, respectively; P=0.9). Amongst the 107 patients who did not receive routine ATBpo, 85 (79.4%) did not develop an SSI. In-hospital mortality did not differ between infected and uninfected patients (7% vs 2%, respectively; P=0.13). The occurrence of postoperative fever differed between SSI+ and SSI- patients (73.3% vs 34.2%, respectively; P<0.001), while the prevalence of pre-operative biliary prosthesis was similar (37.9% vs 26.7%, respectively; P=0.3). CONCLUSION: Non-routine ATBpo after major pancreatic surgery resulted in 85 (56%) patients being spared unnecessary antibiotic treatment. This suggests that routine ATBpo prescription could be excessive, but further studies are needed to confirm such antibiotic stewardship. Fever appears to be a relevant clinical sign for individual-based prescription, but the presence of a biliary prosthesis does not.


Assuntos
Antibioticoprofilaxia , Gestão de Antimicrobianos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico
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