Clinical Spectrum of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Disease (MOGAD): A Comprehensive Case Report.

PURPOSE: To describe diverse ocular manifestations in a patient with Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). METHODS: A 15-year-old Indian male had severe loss of vision in one eye, followed by a recurrent attack of optic neuritis in the fellow eye a few weeks later. He had a history of vision loss, speech disturbances, altered sensorium and was a confirmed case of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). Apart from optic neuritis, other rare ophthalmic associations, namely, macular neuroretinopathy, retinal haemorrhages, severe optic nerve head edema, peri neuritis, and orbital enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were noted. RESULTS: He responded dramatically to treatment with intravenous pulse steroids and relapses were controlled with long-term immunomodulation therapy. CONCLUSION: This case report reiterates the need for early treatment with pulse steroids in MOGAD and depicts the heterogeneous involvement of various ocular structures in the disease.

Mussel-inspired conductive Ti2C-cryogel promotes functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and enhances repair of myocardial infarction.

Rationale: Researches on conductive engineering cardiac patch (ECP) for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment have achieved some progress in the animal while the availability of traditional conductive materials in ECP is still limited because of their controversial cytotoxicity. Here we aim to introduce a novel hydrophilic biocompatible conductive material: MXene Ti2C and mussel-inspired dopamine into PEGDA-GelMA cryogel to construct a bio-functional ECP of which the property closes to natural heart for the repair of MI. Method: MXene Ti2C was etched from MAX Ti2AlC, then uniformly dispersed into the prepolymer composed with dopamine-N', N'-methylene-bisacrylamide, methacrylate-gelatin, and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate by simple water bath sonication. The resilient conductive Ti2C-cryogel was fabricated by chemical cryogelation. The conductive ECP was evaluated in vitro and transplanted to the MI rat model for MI treatment. Results: In vitro, the 3D vessels-shape framework was observed in Ti2C-8-cryogel which was seeded with rats aortic endothelial cells. When the Ti2C-cryogels were cocultured with CMs, remarkably aligned sarcomere and the primitive intercalated disc between the mature CMs were formed on day 7. The as-prepared Ti2C-8-cryogel ECP also demonstrated rapid calcium transients and synchronous tissue-like beating. When transplanted into the infarcted heart of the MI rat model, the Ti2C-8-cryogel ECP could improve the cardiac function, reduce the infarct size, and inhibit the inflammatory response. Obvious vasculation especially newly formed arteriole was also found. Conclusion: A novel conductive Ti2C-embedded cardiac patch with suitable conductivity and the mechanical property was developed and could be served as an ideal candidate for MI repair.

The association between diabetic retinopathy and periodontal disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to study the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and periodontal disease (PD) in a South Indian cohort. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational, interdisciplinary hospital-based study wherein patients with diabetes mellitus visiting the ophthalmology department of a university teaching hospital in coastal Karnataka, south India, during the study period, were screened independently for retinopathy by an ophthalmologist and PD by a periodontal surgeon. All the patients were above 18 years of age and did not have juvenile or gestational diabetes. A total of 213 patients consented to participate in the study. The data were analyzed for association using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between the presence of DR and PD (P = 0.02). The increasing severity of DR was associated with an increase in the components of PD including plaque index (P < 0.001) and gingival index (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between DR and PD. The awareness of this association can aid in the screening of potentially sight-threatening retinopathy in diabetics presenting to the dental clinic with PD.