Resveratrol, human health and winemaking perspectives.

Resveratrol, (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol stilbene synthesized by plants when damaged by infectious diseases or ionizing radiation. Although present in more than seventy plant species, grapes and wine are the major dietary contributors of resveratrol, responsible for 98% of the daily intake. In 1992, Renaud and De Lorgeril first linked wine polyphenols, including resveratrol, to the potential health benefits ascribed to regular and moderate wine consumption (the so called "French Paradox"). Since then, resveratrol has received increasing scientific interest, leading to research on its biological actions, and to a large number of published papers, which have been collected and discussed in this review. The relatively low amounts of resveratrol measured in wine following moderate consumption, however, may be insufficient to mitigate biological damage, such as that due to oxidative stress. On this basis, the authors also highlight the importance of viticulture and the winemaking process to enhance resveratrol concentrations in wine in order to bolster potential health benefits.

An aggressive primary orbital natural killer/T-cell lymphoma case: poor response to chemotherapy.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) and its presentation with extranodal orbital involvement as a single lesion are extremely rare. The aim of this article was to describe the presentation, diagnosis, and systemic treatment of a primary orbital NKTCL. A 67-year-old Caucasian woman presented with left exophthalmos, pain, periorbital swelling, and limited extrinsic ocular motility. Orbital cellulitis was suspected, but finally orbital biopsy was performed due to no response to initial antibiotic and anti-inflammatory standard treatment. The pathologic diagnosis was NKTCL. Systemic evaluations were negative. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy was initiated, but after 2 cycles of treatment, tumoral progression was observed. SMILE (dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, etoposide) rescue chemotherapy was then administered. Lymphoma progression was inevitable. She died 10 months later. Although more nasal NKTCL cases have been described, the nonnasal primary orbital NKTCL is an uncommon neoplasm with high mortality rate, despite the recent use of more potent chemotherapy regimens.

Three topologies of deep neural networks for pulse height extraction.

Pulse shaping is a common technique for optimizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in particle detectors. Although analog or digital linear shapers are typically used for this purpose, there are nonlinear approaches, such as neural networks (NN), which have demonstrated their potential to outperform linear ones. Their nonlinear nature makes it possible to optimize the SNR of incoming pulses and extract diverse information, such as particle type and energy, with extremely short shaping time to avoid crowding. This paper shows three different NNs for shaping pulses: (a) convolutional NN (CNN); (b) recurrent NN (RNN); (c) self-attenuating NN. These NNs shape the pulses and return them unfolded avoiding stacking, and even estimate the height of the pulses when there has been saturation in the preamplifier. In this work we show the architectures of the NNs and their results using CR-RC pulses with Brownian and white noise, but they could be extrapolated to any shape and type of noise. The results obtained show that when the noise level is low and the frequency is low, all the topologies presented are a valid solution, but with white noise and high pulse arrival frequency, CNN is a better solution than the others. In the case of Brownian noise, the three topologies presented give similar results.

Cross-sectional study of adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines in hospitalized patients. The Trombo-Brit study.

BACKGROUND: DVT is the main cause of death in hospitalized patients and thromboprophylaxis is the only way to prevent these deaths. International recommendations suggested that active monitoring of DVT/PE prophylaxis can improve the efficacy in Hospitals. METHODS: We performed a cohort study in three consecutives periods to evaluate DVT prophylaxis in 388 adults hospitalized in a General Hospital. RESULTS: 85% of the population had high risk factors for DVT. Thromboprophylaxis was in accordance with local and International guidelines (ACCP 2008) in 72.7% and 86% of the patients respectively. No significant difference could be founded between clinical and surgical patients. One every 10 patients received higher prophylaxis than suggested by guidelines and two out of ten received deficient or no prophylaxis. The worst 2 groups of patients were those with moderate/low risk of DVT and the group with a contraindication to pharmacologic prophylaxis. We observed a progressive improvement of the DVT prophylaxis in the 3 periods of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Although the rate of recommended thromboprophylaxis is higher than many other reports in the region we still have some areas where we need to improve. Regular audits like these are very helpful to find out what specific areas of the hospital needs some careful attention in order to have a better quality of assistance.

[Anticoagulation and atrial fibrillation]. / Terapia anticoagulante en fibrilación auricular.

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia in adults. Its frequency increases with age, being its incidence 1.5% in individuals 50 to 59 years old and 8-10% from 80 to 89 years. Atrial fibrillation increases 5 fold the risk of suffering stroke and actually causes 15% of all strokes. Its management focuses primary in the prevention of thromboembolic phenomena, heart rate and rhythm control. Anticoagulation, when indicated, has demonstrated to be the main tool in the prevention of these thromboembolic events. Although the bleeding complication is frequent in this population and increases with age, anticoagulation benefits are greater than the risks of bleeding. Due to the clinically heterogeneous nature of this arrythmia and the difficulty of establishing appropriate treatment for each particular case, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology and American College of Chest Physicians have established guidelines to improve the management of these patients. The review of this condition and the proposed directives can notably facilitate and improve the management of the patients with atrial fibrillation.

Terapia anticoagulante en fibrilación auricular / Anticoagulation and atrial fibrillation

La fibrilación auricular es la taquiarritmia cardíaca más frecuente. Su incidencia aumenta con la edad, presentándose en un 1.5% entre los 50 a 59 años, y en un 8-10% entre los 80 a 89 años. Esta arritmia incrementa en cinco veces el riesgo de sufrir un evento cerebrovascular isquémico cardioembólico y causa el 15% de todos los accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos. Su manejo se enfoca en la prevención de los fenómenos tromboembólicos y el control de la frecuencia y ritmo cardíaco. El tratamiento anticoagulante ha demostrado ser la principal herramienta en la prevención de eventos cardioembólicos. Aunque las complicaciones hemorrágicas por el tratamiento son esperables y aumentan con la edad, el beneficio de usar anticoagulación sobrepasa por mucho al riesgo de sangrado. Precisamente debido a la heterogeneidad clínica de esta arritmia y a la dificultad de establecer un tratamiento adecuado para cada caso en particular, el American College of Cardiology, la American Heart Association, la European Society of Cardiology y el American College of Chest Physicians han establecido guías para mejorar el tratamiento de estos pacientes. La revisión de esta enfermedad y de las directrices propuestas puede facilitar y mejorar notablemente el tratamiento de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular.

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia in adults. Its frequency increases with age, being its incidence 1.5% in individuals 50 to 59 years old and 8-10% from 80 to 89 years. Atrial fibrillation increases 5 fold the risk of suffering stroke and actually causes 15% of all strokes. Its management focuses primary in the prevention of thromboembolic phenomena, heart rate and rhythm control. Anticoagulation, when indicated, has demonstrated to be the main tool in the prevention of these thromboembolic events. Although the bleeding complication is frequent in this population and increases with age, anticoagulation benefits are greater than the risks of bleeding. Due to the clinically heterogeneous nature of this arrythmia and the difficulty of establishing appropriate treatment for each particular case, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology and American College of Chest Physicians have established guidelines to improve the management of these patients. The review of this condition and the proposed directives can notably facilitate and improve the management of the patients with atrial fibrillation.