[Analysis of silicosis surveillance data in Tianjin in 2017].

Objective: Analyzes of the monitoring results of silicosis in key occupational disease monitoring in Tianjin in 2017, providing reference for continuous monitoring, and prevention and control work of silicosis. Methods: Monitor and analyze the current state of silica dust hazard enterprises, the health status of silica dust workers, and the characteristics of newly developed silicosis cases in accordance with the national 2017 work plan for key occupational disease monitoring and occupational health risk assessment. Results: In 2017, 210 enterprises have silica dust hazard in Tianjin, silica dust workplaces exceed the standard rate is 34.73%, 5 695 workers' health examination who contact with silica dust were collected. 2 were detected occupational contraindication, the abnormal detection rate of chest examination is 3.60%, the abnormal index of lung function mainly is FVC, the abnormal rate is 15.8%. The abnormal rate increases with working years. In 2017, 193 new cases of silicosis were reported most cases were developed after years of decontamination. Most enterprises with cases had already out of market, only 7 were still producing. Conclusion: The key prevention and control in Tianjin was enterprises with silica dust excess of standard, as well as older and longer working years workers, adopting effective measures to reduce the concentration of silica dust in workplace is a fundamental measure to reduce the risk of silicosis.

Retrospective analysis of vancomycin treatment outcomes in Chinese paediatric patients with suspected Gram-positive infection.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Vancomycin is one of the most widely used antibiotics for treating serious Gram-positive infections in children. Few clinical studies have examined the potential risk factors for treatment failure in children receiving vancomycin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between vancomycin trough concentration and treatment outcomes in Chinese paediatric patients with suspected Gram-positive infections and to identify baseline characteristics that may affect treatment failure associated with vancomycin use. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 2007 to October 2015. Patients were included in this study if they were <18 years old, had received vancomycin for at least 72 h and had at least one bacterial culture and one serum steady-state vancomycin trough concentration. Treatment outcomes were defined as success or failure. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a serum creatinine (Scr) increase ≥44·2 µmol/L or a ≥50% increase in baseline Scr for at least two consecutive days. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for treatment failure with vancomycin. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: One hundred and eighty-two patients were included. Vancomycin treatment failure occurred in 52 patients (28·6%), and the incidence of nephrotoxicity was low. No significant difference was observed in the vancomycin trough concentrations between the treatment success and failure groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the vancomycin trough concentration [odds ratio (OR), 1·046; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0·979-1·118; P = 0·179, statistical power: 62·04%)] was not associated with treatment outcome, and only intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR, 3·808; 95% CI, 1·714-8·465; P = 0·001, statistical power: 90·40%) was found to be independently associated with vancomycin treatment failure. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the vancomycin trough concentration is not associated with treatment outcome. ICU admission is an independent predictor of treatment failure.

[Correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux and otitis media with effusion in adults patients].

Objective:Using the pepsin A concentration to investigate the relationship among gastroesophageal Reflux/laryngopharyngeal reflux and otitis media with effusion in adults patients.Method: Adults with OME underwent myringotomy with tube placement or eardrum puncturing suction were collected in the study group and the patients with coclear implatation were collected as control group. A standard sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was applied to measure pepsin A concentration in the middle ear fluid.RSI and GERD-Q were used for the patients in study group.Result: Pepsin A concentration was (23.72±26.64; 2.00-84.47 ng/ml) in study group.The positive rates of pepsin A in the patients and samples were 21.69%(18/83) and 17.27%(19/110) respectively.In the control group, no pepsin A was detected in 26 samples. In the study group, 5 (6.02%) were diagnozid with GERD and 19 out of 83 patients (22.89%,19/83) were diagnosed with LPRD.LPRD, 8 out of 18 patients (44.44%) in the pepsin A positive group, was much higher than that in the pepsin A negative group (16.92%)(P<0.01).Conclusion: Laryngopharyngeal reflux was an important pathogeny of OME in adults patients, although those patients maybe have no any symptoms of GERD. The fat maybe be one of a indirect risk factor of OME in adults.

Cancer stem cell markers in glioblastoma - an update.

The glioblastoma includes brain tumors, which are very aggressive in nature and are among the most common brain tumors in adults. Latest therapeutic avenues involve combination approach. However, the observed median survival is still no more than 15 months. Moreover, there is a scarcity of accurate pre-clinical model systems, which in turn resulted in limited treatment options for this disease. Cancer stem cells are attractive avenues in anticancer research against glioblastoma. Most of the recent studies are focused towards the identification of novel markers for cancer stem cells. The present review article is focused on two important markers in current research viz. Prominin-1 and NPM1 in glioblastoma.

Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as early biomarkers for predicting vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) were superior to serum creatinine (Scr) in detecting acute kidney injury (AKI), but their ability to predict clinical vancomycin-associated AKI has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the abilities of uKIM-1 and uNGAL individually and in combination to predict vancomycin-associated AKI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Scr, uKIM-1, and uNGAL were measured on the day before and days 1, 2, and 3 of vancomycin therapy in a generalized adult population. Levels of these biomarkers between AKI and non-AKI groups were comparatively analyzed. Predictive performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients were enrolled, and among them, 11 (12.6%) patients developed AKI. Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels in the AKI group were higher than in the non-AKI group at all time points (p < 0.05), and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were 0.849 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.750-0.948) for uKIM-1 and 0.824 (95% CI 0.726-0.922) for uNGAL, with cut-off values of 1.72 ng/mL and 9.07 ng/mL respectively. The AUC of uKIM-1 and uNGAL combined was 0.852 (95% CI 0.754-0.949), and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL could efficiently discriminate patients with or without vancomycin-associated AKI earlier than Scr, and the combined urinary biomarkers showed fair discrimination compared with the individual biomarkers.

[Outcomes of pregnancy among women with alpha-thalassemia minor: A retrospective study of Pingguo county in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region].

Objective: To investigate the association between the value of α-thalassemia minor and the outcomes in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 445 pregnant women with α-thalassemia minor were selected as thalassemia group in the Pingguo County Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi from January 2011 to December 2015, with ratio of 1∶4 healthy pregnant women was randomly recruited as non-thalassemia group. Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed using methods including t test, χ(2) test, and logistic regression model and ROC curve. Results: There were no significant differences noticed in factors as age, BMI, gestational age and educational level of the two groups. Hemoglobin of the thalassemia group was significantly lower than that of the non-thalassemia group (P<0.001). Differences on parity, ethnicities or occupation were statistically significant. Results from univariate analysis showed that the proportions of low birth weight, small for date infant and 1 min Apgar score<7 were higher in the thalassemia group, but the ratio of adverse pregnancy outcomes was comparable on parameters as preterm birth, stillbirth, macrosomia. Findings from the unconditional logistic regression showed that pregnancy complicated with α-thalassemia minor appeared a risk for both newborns with low birth weight (aOR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.32-3.95) and small for date infant (aOR= 2.11, 95%CI: 1.16-3.84). The ROC curve showed that α-thalassemia minor combined with multiple indicators presented a certain predictive value on neonatal birth weight. Conclusion: Pregnancy complicated with α-thalassemia minor was likely to increase the risk of birth weight loss in newborns, suggesting that prenatal care for pregnant women with thalassemia be strengthened, in order to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

[Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection and associated risk factors in male clients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in 9 cities in Guangdong province].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (GCT) infection and associated risk factors in male clients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Guangdong and provide integrated intervention strategy for this group. Methods: Convenient sampling was used to recruit participants from April to June in 2015 in Guangdong province. The information about their socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected by using a questionnaire, and blood samples were taken from them to test the antibodies against HIV, syphilis and HCV. First pass urine was taken to test GCT and gonorrhea. Results: A total of 1 749 participants with the average age of 39.53 years were recruited. The majority of them were married (73.87%, 1 292/1 749), residents of Guangdong (92.28%, 1 614/1 749) and in Han ethnic group (99.49%, 1 740/1 749). The positive rates for GCT, HIV, syphilis, HCV, Neisseria gonorrhea, and WBC in urinalysis were 6.06% (106/1 749), 0.46% (8/1 749), 3.43% (60/1 749), 0.45% (7/1 550), 2.74% (48/1 749), 7.89% (138/1 749) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for GCT infection include IDUs (OR=13.98, 95%CI: 3.35-58.38), anal sex with men (OR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.45-6.71), Neisseria gonorrhea positive (OR=9.64, 95% CI: 5.09-18.24), and WBC positive (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.08-3.55). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the high prevalence of GCT infection in male clients attending STD clinics in Guangdong. Therefore precision intervention should target this population at high-risk.

[Modified radical mastoidectomy on"drum sinus" type chronic suppurative otitis media:our experience].

Objective:To our experience of modified radical mastoidectomy on "drum sinus" type chronic suppurative otitis media.Method:We measured the size of tympanic sinus,the extent of meningeal plate lowering and the extent of sigmoid ante-displacement in 54 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media,and determined the criterion of "drum sinus".The patients who comply with the criterion received modified radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty via epitympanum approach.The patients were followed up for at least 3 months,The time of dry ear,growth of repaired tympanic membrane,and any complications such as dizziness,facial paralysis,cerebrospinal fluid leakage were recorded.Result:Twenty-nine out of the 54 CSOM patients complied with the criterion of drum sinus.Two cases were lost to follow-up.Therefore,27 cases were included in the study.Three months after the operation,the rate of dry ear was 81.5% Tympanic membrane was successfully repaired in 77.8% of the patients.Three cases had dizziness after operation.No facial paralysis or cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed.Conclusion:For"drum sinus" type chronic suppurative otitis media,the modified radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty via epitympanum approach can be taken.

[p27 protein expression and its significance in human laryngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical significance and expression of p27 protein in human laryngeal carcinoma tissue. METHOD: To measure p27 protein expression in 50 cases laryngeal carcinoma tissue by immunohistochemical LSAB (labelled streptavidin biotin) method, 15 cases vocal cord polyps used as control. RESULT: There was significant difference between p27 protein expression in laryngeal carcinoma and in vocal cord polyps, among pathological staging of laryngeal carcinoma (G1-G2 and G3), between the survived and the dead laryngeal carcinoma patients 3 years after operation, but no significant difference among clinical staging and between the patients with and without lymph node metastases. There was significant difference between the survival rate curves (Kaplan-meier curve) in p27 protein expression positive group and that in p27 protein expression negative group. CONCLUSION: p27 Protein expression is related to malignant degree of laryngeal carcinoma, so it can be an important marker of identifying the malignancy and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma.