Relationship Analysis Between Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index and Parameters of Single Plaque.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between plaque parameters and pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI). METHODS: A retrospective collection was performed on 227 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography examinations in our hospital from May 2021 to April 2023, with a total of 254 right coronary or left anterior descending coronary arteries exhibiting solitary plaques within the FAI measurement area. Based on whether the proximal coronary FAI value was ≥ -70.0 HU, patients and coronary arteries were divided into FAI-positive group (67 cases, 73 coronary arteries) and FAI-negative group (160 cases, 181 coronary arteries). Quantitative parameters of coronary solitary plaques were collected, including stenosis severity, plaque length, plaque volume, plaque composition ratios, minimal luminal area, and calcification score, as well as qualitative parameters such as plaque types and high-risk plaques. Differences in plaque parameters between the FAI-positive and FAI-negative groups were compared. RESULTS: The proportion of positive remodeling in the FAI-positive group (73 coronary arteries) was higher than that in the FAI-negative group (181 coronary arteries) with statistical significance (89.0% vs 78.5%, P = 0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that positive remodeling was a risk factor for abnormal FAI values in solitary plaques (odds ratio, 2.271, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: The FAI-positive group had a higher proportion of positive remodeling, and positive remodeling was an independent risk factor for positive FAI values.

1,8-Cineole: a review of source, biological activities, and application.

1,8-Cineole (also known as eucalyptol) is mostly extracted from the essential oils of plants, which showed extensively pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mainly via the regulation on NF-κB and Nrf2, and was used for the treatment of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular, etc. Although various administration routes have been used in the application of 1.8-cineole, few formulations have been developed to improve its stability and bioavailability. This review retrospects the researches on the source, biological activities, mechanisms, and application of 1,8-cineole since 2000, which provides a view for the further studies on the application and formulations of 1,8-cineole.

The Regulatory Effects of Licochalcone A on the Intestinal Epithelium and Gut Microbiota in Murine Colitis.

The gut epithelium is a mechanical barrier that protects the host from the luminal microenvironment and interacts with the gut microflora, which influences the development and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). Licochalcone A (LA) exerts anti-inflammatory effects against UC; however, whether it also regulates both the gut barrier and microbiota during colitis is unknown. The current study was conducted to reveal the regulatory effects of LA on the intestinal epithelium and gut microflora in C57BL/6 mice subjected to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Sulfasalazine (SASP) was used as the positive control. Results of clinical symptoms evaluation, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E) staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays showed that LA significantly inhibited DSS-induced weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) increase, histological damage, and gut inflammation. Additionally, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that LA maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier by suppressing cell apoptosis and preserving the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Notably, the optimal dose of LA for gut barrier preservation was low, while that for anti-inflammatory effects was high, indicating that LA might preserve gut barrier integrity via direct effects on the epithelial cells (ECs) and TJ proteins. Furthermore, 16S rRNA analysis suggested that the regulatory effect of LA on the gut microbiota differed distinctly according to dose. Correlation analysis indicated that a low dose of LA significantly modulated the intestinal barrier-associated bacteria as compared with a moderate or high dose of LA. Western blot (WB) analysis indicated that LA exhibited anti-UC activity partly by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our results further elucidate the pharmacological activity of LA against UC and will provide valuable information for future studies regarding on the regulatory effects of LA on enteric diseases.

Mineral and bone disorder in hemodialysis patients in the Tibetan Plateau: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in hemodialysis patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Studies on the MBD status of hemodialysis patients at high altitudes are extremely limited. Methods: A total of 146 hemodialysis patients from 5 local hospitals across all districts with hemodialysis centers in the Tibetan Plateau were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Parameters related to MBD, including serum phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, were measured. The achievement of MBD goals was compared with the achievement in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Study (DOPPS) 3, DOPPS 4 and a multicenter study of MBD in China. Factors associated with hyperphosphatemia were examined. Results: Altogether, 146 hemodialysis patients were recruited from the Tibetan Plateau. According to the K/DIGO guidelines, there were low achievement rates for serum Ca (40.4%), P (29.7%), and iPTH (47.1%). As for the (KDOQI) guidelines, the rates of achievement of defined targets were 38.4%, 33.7% and 16.4% for serum Ca, P and iPTH, respectively. The percentages of patients reaching the KDOQI targets for corrected Ca, P, and iPTH were significantly lower for Tibetan patients than the percentages found in DOPPS 3 (38.4% vs. 50.4%, 33.7% vs. 49.8%, and 16.4% vs. 31.4%, respectively, all p < .001) and DOPPS 4 (38.4% vs. 56.0%, 33.7% vs. 54.5%, and 16.4% vs. 35.3%, respectively, all p < .001). The percentage of patients reaching the KDOQI targets for iPTH was significantly lower in Tibet than in the plain areas of China (16.4% vs. 26.5%, p < .001). The proportion of patients with hypocalcemia was higher in Tibet than in the plain areas (44.5% vs. 19.4%, p < .001). The percentage of local patients with optimal P was significantly higher for patients with an activated vitamin D prescription than for patients without an activated vitamin D prescription (45.3% vs. 19.3%, p < .001). Age and the activated vitamin D prescription were independently associated with hyperphosphatemia. Conclusion: The MBD status of hemodialysis patients in Tibet is far from the ideal level. High altitude is one of the possible causes of the differences found, but not the principal one. It is necessary for medical staff in Tibet to improve the detection and treatment of MBD.

Initial experience with radiomics of carotid perivascular adipose tissue in identifying symptomatic plaque.

Background: Carotid atherosclerotic ischemic stroke threatens human health and life. The aim of this study is to establish a radiomics model of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) around carotid plaque for evaluation of the association between Peri-carotid Adipose Tissue structural changes with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Methods: A total of 203 patients underwent head and neck computed tomography angiography examination in our hospital. All patients were divided into a symptomatic group (71 cases) and an asymptomatic group (132 cases) according to whether they had acute/subacute stroke or transient ischemic attack. The radiomic signature (RS) of carotid plaque PVAT was extracted, and the minimum redundancy maximum correlation, recursive feature elimination, and linear discriminant analysis algorithms were used for feature screening and dimensionality reduction. Results: It was found that the RS model achieved the best diagnostic performance in the Bagging Decision Tree algorithm, and the training set (AUC, 0.837; 95%CI: 0.775, 0.899), testing set (AUC, 0.834; 95%CI: 0.685, 0.982). Compared with the traditional feature model, the RS model significantly improved the diagnostic efficacy for identifying symptomatic plaques in the testing set (AUC: 0.834 vs. 0.593; Z = 2.114, p = 0.0345). Conclusion: The RS model of PVAT of carotid plaque can be used as an objective indicator to evaluate the risk of plaque and provide a basis for risk stratification of carotid atherosclerotic disease.

A new phenolic compound from Persicaria capitata.

Persicaria capitata was a frequently used Hmong medicinal flora in China. In this study, one new phenolic compound, capitaone A (1) together with 20 known ones, were isolated from the whole herb of P. capitata. Among them, 7 components (4, 9-11, 15-16, 20-21) were discovered from P. capitata for the first time. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectrum. Furthermore, three compounds (15, 20, 21) displayed remarkable cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and HepG2).

A new modified pterocarpan glycoside from Sophora flavescens.

Sophora flavescens is a widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In this work, a new pterocarpan glycoside, kurarinol C (1) together with six known compounds, sophoracarpan A (2), trifohrhizin-6'-monoacetate (3), trifohrhizin (4), maackiain (5), (6S,6aS,11aR）-6α-methoxy-pterocarpin (6), L-maackiain (7) were isolated from the roots of S. flavescens. Among them, compounds 2 and 6 were discovered from S. flavescens for the first time. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS analyses. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated by the ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Three compounds (5, 6, 7) exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity against the ABTS enzyme at 20 µg/mL (scavenging rates > 55%).

Systematic elucidation of the bioactive alkaloids and potential mechanism from Sophora flavescens for the treatment of eczema via network pharmacology.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Sophora flavescens is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of skin disorders, diarrhea, vaginal itching and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the root of S. flavescens combination with other herbs mainly treat eczema ailment in the clinical applications. However, a holistic network pharmacology approach to understanding the mechanism by which alkaloids in S. flavescens treat eczema has not been pursued. AIM OF THE STUDY: To examine the network pharmacological potential effect of S. flavescens on eczema, we studied the alkaloids, performed protein targets prediction and investigated interacting signal pathways. Furthermore, animal experiment was carried out to evaluate its efficacy and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR) analysis was explored the mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The detail information on alkaloids from S. flavescens were obtained from a handful of public databases on the basis of oral bioavailability (OB ≥ 30%) and drug-likeness (DL ≥ 0.18). Then, correlations between compounds and protein targets were linked using the STRING database, and targets associated with eczema were gathered by the GeneCards database. Human genes were identified and subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. Particularly, matrine, the crucial alkaloid from S. flavescens, was estimated using a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced eczema Kunming (KM) mice model, administered (50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) to mice for 22 days. On the last day, the activities of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and histopathologic examinations were determined. For further to elucidate the mechanisms, the mRNA levels of TNF-α, STAT3, TP53, AKT1, IL-6, JUN and EGFR in dorsal skin tissues were also tested. RESULTS: Network analysis collected and identified 35 alkaloids from S. flavescens. Among them, in total 10 dominating alkaloids, including matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophocarpine, oxysophocarpine, allomatrine, sophoramine, anagyrine, cytisine and N-methylcytisine. And 71 related targets were provided of alkaloids for the treatment of eczema from S. flavescens. Furthermore, matrine dose-dependently (50 or 10 mg/kg, 22 days, apply to dorsal skin) remarkable decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4, and significantly alleviated the skin lesions. The effects of 50 mg/kg of matrine were almost identical to those of 200 mg/kg of the positive drug dexamethasone (DXM). The further RT-qPCR analyses could reveal that matrine down-regulate TNF-α, STAT3 and TP53 at transcriptional level in dorsal skin tissues. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological network analysis can utilize to illuminate the pharmacodynamic substances and the potential molecular mechanism of S. flavescens for treating eczema. Matrine, as the crucial alkaloid from S. flavescens, could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of eczema ailment.

[Study on the chemical constituents of the active fraction of Polygonum capitatum].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of the active fraction of Polygonum capitatum. METHODS: Various preparative chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the compounds in the flavonoid-enriched fraction and their structures were determined by comparison of their physicochemical and chromatographic data with those of the authentic samples and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were obtained and identified as 1-O-P-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene (1) ,5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (2), ellagic acid (3), myricetrin (4), hirsutine (5), rutin (6), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7) , quercetin-3-O-( 3"-O-galloyl) -/3-D-glucopyranoside (8), quercitrin (9) , kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (11), quercetin-3-O-(3"-O-galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), quercetin (13), kaempferol (14). CONCLUSION: The flavonoid-enriched fraction contains flavonols and their glycosides as its major components,which might be responsible for the biological effects of Polygonum capitatum. Compounds 1, 8 and 12 are isolated from the genus Polygonum for the first time; Compound 3 is isolated from Polygonum capitatum for the first time.

Spectrum-Efficacy Relationships between GC-MS Fingerprints of Essential Oil from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix and the Efficacy of Inhibiting Microglial Activation.

The bioactive ingredients of essential oil from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix (the Rhizome et Radix from Valerianae Jatamansi Jones) (EOVJRR) on the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation were investigated with the approach of spectrum-efficacy relationship. Fourteen batches of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their activities in the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation were assayed by measuring the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in microglia cells from mice. The spectrum-efficacy relationships between fingerprints and the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation of EOVJRR were established by grey relational analysis (GRA). Twenty common peaks were obtained from the GC-MS fingerprints of EOVJRR. P12 (vetivenol), P1 (bornyl acetate), P5 (seychellene), and P3 (ß-elemene) indicated inhibition on microglia activation together, according to the spectrum-efficacy relationships. The current results established a general model for the spectrum-efficacy relationships of EOVJRR by GC-MS and the efficacy of inhibiting microglial activation, which could be applied to identify the bioactive ingredient and control the quality of herbs.

An unusual indole-diterpenoid with C-17 norcassane skeleton from Euphorbia fischeriana induces HEL cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Two new polycyclic diterpenoids, euphkanoids H and I (1 and 2), along with 6 known analogues (2-8) were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana, a traditional Chinese medicine. Their structures were identified by spectral methods, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculation and single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. Compound 1 represents the first example of C-17 norcassane indole-diterpenes. All the isolates were screened for antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines using the MTT assay, and 1 showed significant cytotoxicity against HEL cells (IC50 = 3.2 µM). Simple mechanistic study revealed that 1 could induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in HEL cells.

New species and records of Neomassaria, Oxydothis and Roussoella (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) associated with palm and bamboo from China.

Several micro fungi were gathered from bamboo and palm in Guizhou Province, China. In morphology, these taxa resemble Neomassaria, Roussoella and Oxydothis. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1 loci confirmed that two are new geographical records for China, (viz. Roussoellasiamensis, Neomassariafabacearum), while two of them are new to science (viz. Oxydothisfortunei sp. nov. and Roussoellabambusarum sp. nov.). The stromata of Roussoellabambusarum are similar to those of R.thailandica, but its ascospores are larger. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show that Oxydothisfortunei is closely related to O.inaequalis, but the J- ascus subapical ring as well as the ascospores of O.inaequalis are smaller. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all species are provided.

Selective solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of methamidophos in water and soil samples.

An analytical methodology for the analysis of methamidophos in water and soil samples incorporating a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction process using methamidophos-imprinted polymer was developed. Binding study demonstrated that the polymer exhibited excellent affinity and high selectivity to the methamidophos. Evidence was also found by FT-IR analysis that hydrogen bonding between the CO(2)H in the polymer cavities and the NH(2) and P=O of the template was the origin of methamidophos recognition. The use of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction improved the accuracy and precision of the GC method and lowered the limit of detection. The recovery of methamidophos extracted from a 10.0 g soil sample at the 100 ng/g spike level was 95.4%. The limit of detection was 3.8 ng/g. The recovery of methamidophos extracted from 100 mL tap and river water at 1 ng/mL spike level was 96.1% and 95.8%, and the limits of detection were 10 and 13 ng/L respectively. These molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction procedures enabled selective extraction of polar methamidophos successfully from water and soil samples, demonstrating the potential of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for rapid, selective, and cost-effective sample pretreatment.

Microvessel density at different levels of normal or injured bile duct in dogs and its surgical implications.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic recurrent stricture after surgical repair for iatrogenic bile duct injury (BDI) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The present study was designed to investigate whether ischemia is universal and of varied severity at different levels of the proximal bile duct after BDI. METHODS: A total of 30 beagle dogs were randomly divided into control, BDI, and BDI-repaired groups. The BDI animal model was established based on the classic pattern of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI. The animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 15, and bile duct tissue was harvested to assess microvessel density (MVD) at selected levels of the normal, post-BDI and BDI-repaired bile duct with the CD34 immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS: In the control group, MVD at level H (high level) was remarkably higher than that at level L (low level). No significant difference was found between MVDs at levels H and M (middle level), as well as at levels M and L. However, the tendency was noted that the closer the level to the hilus, the greater the MVD at that level. In both the BDI and BDI-repaired groups, MVDs at level H were generally greater than those at level L, despite the unremarkable differences between MVDs at neighboring levels. In these two groups, a similar tendency of MVD distribution to that in the control group was found; the closer the level to the injury site, the lower was the MVD at that level. Moreover, compared with the MDVs at the levels M and L in the control group, MVDs at the corresponding levels in the BDI and BDI-repaired groups were all remarkably reduced (P<0.05). In addition, MVDs at all three levels in the BDI group significantly declined further after BDI repair. CONCLUSIONS: After BDI, universal ischemic damage in the injured proximal bile duct develops close to the injury site, while close to the hilus, ischemia is relatively slight. High hepaticojejunostomy, rather than low biloenterostomy or end-to-end duct anastomosis, should be recommended for BDI repair. Great care should be taken to protect the peribiliary plexus during repair.

Kellerin from Ferula sinkiangensis exerts neuroprotective effects after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen is a traditional Chinese medicine that has a variety of pharmacological properties relevant to neurological disorders and inflammations. Kellerin, a novel compound extracted from Ferula sinkiangensis, exerts a strong anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting microglial activation. Microglial activation plays a vital role in ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the potential therapeutic effect of kellerin on focal cerebral ischemia is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the effect of kellerin on cerebral ischemia and clarify its possible mechanisms, we applied the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and the LPS-activated microglia model in our study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neurological outcome was examined according to a 4-tiered grading system. Brain infarct size was measured using TTC staining. Brain edema was calculated using the wet weight minus dry weight method. Neuron damage and microglial activation were observed by immunofluorescence in MCAO model in rats. In in vitro studies, microglial activation was examined by flow cytometry and the viability of neuronal cells cultured in microglia-conditioned medium was measured using MTT assay. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The proteins involved in NF-κB signaling pathway were determined by western blot. Intracellular ROS was examined using DCFH-DA method and NADPH oxidase activity was measured using the NBT assay. RESULTS: We found that kellerin improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct size and decreased brain edema in MCAO model in rats. Under the pathologic conditions of focal cerebral ischemia, kellerin alleviated neuron damage and inhibited microglial activation. Moreover, in in vitro studies of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells kellerin protected neuronal cells from being damaged by inhibiting microglial activation. Kellerin also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, and decreased ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our discoveries reveal that the neuroprotective effects of kellerin may largely depend on its inhibitory effect on microglial activation. This suggests that kellerin could serve as a novel anti-inflammatory agent which may have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke.

Euphorboside A, a cytotoxic meroterpenoid glycoside with an unusual humulene-phloroglucinol skeleton from Euphorbia kansuensis.

Euphorboside A (1), an unusual meroterpenoid glycoside featuring the incorporation of an acylphloroglucinol moiety into a humulene skeleton to form a 6/6/11 ring system, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansuensis. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was screened for the cytotoxicity against nine cancer cell lines, and 1 showed marked inhibitory activities against human colon cancer RKO and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.70 and 4.15 µM, respectively.

Biomass-Based Carbon-Supported Sulfate Catalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Dimethoxymethane from Direct Oxidation of Dimethyl Ether.

The synthesis of dimethoxymethane (DMM) from direct oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) is a green and competitive route with good atomic economy and low carbon emission and is also an urgent need. In this work, biomass-based carbon-supported sulfate catalysts were designed and prepared for the efficient synthesis of DMM from DME oxidation. The prepared carbon support from cellulose displayed much larger specific surface area and a developed microporous structure, which effectively benefited a high dispersion of sulfate components, leading to mainly weak acid sites and more oxygen functional groups on the catalyst surface. The Ti(SO4)2/PC-H2SO4 catalyst exhibits excellent performance for DME oxidation with DMM1-2 selectivity up to 96.7%, and DMM selectivity reaches 89.1%, notably higher than that of previously reported results. The distinctive surface structure and chemical properties of the carbon support have important impacts on the dispersion state of sulfate species, affecting the acidic and redox properties of the catalysts.

A taxonomic study of Nemania from China, with six new species.

During an investigation of Xylariaceae from 2019 to 2020, isolates representing eight Nemania (Xylariacese) species were collected from Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan Provinces in China. Morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, based on combined ITS, α-actin, rpb2 and ß-tubulin sequences, confirmed that six of them are new to science, viz. Nemaniacamelliae, N.changningensis, N.cyclobalanopsina, N.feicuiensis, N.lishuicola and N.rubi; one is a new record (N.caries) for China and one is a known species (N.diffusa). Morphological descriptions and illustrations of all species are detailed. In addition, the characteristics of Nemania are summarised and prevailing contradictions in generic concepts are discussed.

Phytochemistry and biological properties of isoprenoid flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Ait.

Sophora flavescens Ait (Ku-Shen in Chinese) is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China for a long history. It shows significant pharmacological activities in the treatment of dysentery, eczema, fever, jaundice, vulvar swelling, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and inflammatory disorders. Alkaloids and flavonoids have been identified as virtual components, especially isoprenoid flavanonols are a class of characteristic compounds for S. flavescens. However, few studies have focused on isoprenoid flavonoids analyses and no comprehensive review has yet been published. In the current review, we systematically summarized the isoprenoid flavonoids, a total of 55 compounds have been isolated from S. flavescens, particularly an isoprenyl and a lavandulyl group in backbone structures. Further pharmacological activities, qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses research will contribute to the development of natural isoprenoid flavonoid products in S. flavescens.

[Spectroscopy study of binding mechanisms and molecular recognition of methamidophos-specific moleculary imprinted polymer].

A new methamidophos-specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized based on non-covalent interaction. The complexes formed between MAP and MAA were evaluated by 1H NMR, FTIR and UV spectrometry. The MAP-MAA complexes of 1 : 2 mole ratio were obtained by cooperative hydrogen bonding and the complexes possessed better stabilization (K = 2.894 x 10(6) L2 x mol(-2). The Infrared spectrometry differences of the MIPs before and after saturated with MAP further indicated that there were carboxyl functional groups in the MIP, which could interact with the template by cooperative hydrogen bonding specifically.