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1.
Mol Psychiatry ; 2024 Apr 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649752

RESUMO

Chronic stress has become a predominant factor associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in both human and animal models. Although multiple studies have looked at transcriptional changes after social defeat stress, these studies primarily focus on bulk tissues, which might dilute important molecular signatures of social interaction in activated cells. In this study, we employed the Arc-GFP mouse model in conjunction with chronic social defeat (CSD) to selectively isolate activated nuclei (AN) populations in the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of resilient and susceptible animals. Nuclear RNA-seq of susceptible vs. resilient populations revealed distinct transcriptional profiles linked predominantly with neuronal and synaptic regulation mechanisms. In the vHIP, susceptible AN exhibited increased expression of genes related to the cytoskeleton and synaptic organization. At the same time, resilient AN showed upregulation of cell adhesion genes and differential expression of major glutamatergic subunits. In the PFC, susceptible mice exhibited upregulation of synaptotagmins and immediate early genes (IEGs), suggesting a potentially over-amplified neuronal activity state. Our findings provide a novel view of stress-exposed neuronal activation and the molecular response mechanisms in stress-susceptible vs. resilient animals, which may have important implications for understanding mental resilience.

2.
Mol Psychiatry ; 2024 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38806692

RESUMO

Excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance plays important roles in mental disorders. Bioactive phospholipids like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are synthesized by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX) at cortical synapses and modulate glutamatergic transmission, and eventually alter E/I balance of cortical networks. Here, we analyzed functional consequences of altered E/I balance in 25 human subjects induced by genetic disruption of the synaptic lipid signaling modifier PRG-1, which were compared to 25 age and sex matched control subjects. Furthermore, we tested therapeutic options targeting ATX in a related mouse line. Using EEG combined with TMS in an instructed fear paradigm, neuropsychological analysis and an fMRI based episodic memory task, we found intermediate phenotypes of mental disorders in human carriers of a loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism of PRG-1 (PRG-1R345T/WT). Prg-1R346T/WT animals phenocopied human carriers showing increased anxiety, a depressive phenotype and lower stress resilience. Network analysis revealed that coherence and phase-amplitude coupling were altered by PRG-1 deficiency in memory related circuits in humans and mice alike. Brain oscillation phenotypes were restored by inhibtion of ATX in Prg-1 deficient mice indicating an interventional potential for mental disorders.

3.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 80(2): 54, 2023 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36715759

RESUMO

Neural stem cells reside in the subgranular zone, a specialized neurogenic niche of the hippocampus. Throughout adulthood, these cells give rise to neurons in the dentate gyrus, playing an important role in learning and memory. Given that these core cognitive processes are disrupted in numerous disease states, understanding the underlying mechanisms of neural stem cell proliferation in the subgranular zone is of direct practical interest. Here, we report that mature neurons, neural stem cells and neural precursor cells each secrete the neurovascular protein epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) to shape this hippocampal niche. We further demonstrate that EGFL7 knock-out in a Nestin-CreERT2-based mouse model produces a pronounced upregulation of neurogenesis within the subgranular zone. RNA sequencing identified that the increased expression of the cytokine VEGF-D correlates significantly with the ablation of EGFL7. We substantiate this finding with intraventricular infusion of VEGF-D upregulating neurogenesis in vivo and further show that VEGF-D knock-out produces a downregulation of neurogenesis. Finally, behavioral studies in EGFL7 knock-out mice demonstrate greater maintenance of spatial memory and improved memory consolidation in the hippocampus by modulation of pattern separation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that both EGFL7 and VEGF-D affect neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with the ablation of EGFL7 upregulating neurogenesis, increasing spatial learning and memory, and correlating with increased VEGF-D expression.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Neurais , Camundongos , Animais , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Aprendizagem Espacial , Fator D de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neurogênese/genética , Camundongos Knockout , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(47)2021 11 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34782467

RESUMO

Nondegradative ubiquitin chains attached to specific targets via Lysine 63 (K63) residues have emerged to play a fundamental role in synaptic function. The K63-specific deubiquitinase CYLD has been widely studied in immune cells and lately also in neurons. To better understand if CYLD plays a role in brain and synapse homeostasis, we analyzed the behavioral profile of CYLD-deficient mice. We found that the loss of CYLD results in major autism-like phenotypes including impaired social communication, increased repetitive behavior, and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the absence of CYLD leads to a reduction in hippocampal network excitability, long-term potentiation, and pyramidal neuron spine numbers. By providing evidence that CYLD can modulate mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagy at the synapse, we propose that synaptic K63-linked ubiquitination processes could be fundamental in understanding the pathomechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder.


Assuntos
Autofagia/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Animais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Enzima Desubiquitinante CYLD , Feminino , Lisina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Neurônios/metabolismo , Sinapses/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação
5.
Mol Psychiatry ; 25(11): 3108, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30602735

RESUMO

Following the publication of this article the authors noted that Torfi Sigurdsson's name was misspelled. Instead of Sigrudsson it should be Sigurdsson. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly. The authors would like to apologise for this error and the inconvenience this may have caused.

6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(17)2020 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32878020

RESUMO

Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) represent a common dietary protein component of gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, and barley). They act as toll-like receptor 4 ligands, and are largely resistant to intestinal proteases, eliciting a mild inflammatory response within the intestine after oral ingestion. Importantly, nutritional ATIs exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease and features of fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome in mice. For Alzheimer's disease (AD), both inflammation and altered insulin resistance are major contributing factors, impacting onset as well as progression of this devastating brain disorder in patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary ATIs on a well-known rodent model of AD (5xFAD). We assessed metabolic, behavioral, inflammatory, and microbial changes in mice consuming different dietary regimes with and without ATIs, consumed ad libitum for eight weeks. We demonstrate that ATIs, with or without a gluten matrix, had an impact on the metabolism and gut microbiota of 5xFAD mice, aggravating pathological hallmarks of AD. If these findings can be translated to patients, an ATI-depleted diet might offer an alternative therapeutic option for AD and warrants clinical intervention studies.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Comportamento Animal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inflamação/patologia , Placa Amiloide/patologia , Triticum/enzimologia , Inibidores da Tripsina/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Amilases/química , Animais , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Imunidade Inata , Inflamação/etiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Placa Amiloide/metabolismo , Tripsina/química
7.
Mol Psychiatry ; 23(8): 1699-1710, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29743582

RESUMO

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a synaptic phospholipid, which regulates cortical excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance and controls sensory information processing in mice and man. Altered synaptic LPA signaling was shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders. Here, we show that the LPA-synthesizing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) is expressed in the astrocytic compartment of excitatory synapses and modulates glutamatergic transmission. In astrocytes, ATX is sorted toward fine astrocytic processes and transported to excitatory but not inhibitory synapses. This ATX sorting, as well as the enzymatic activity of astrocyte-derived ATX are dynamically regulated by neuronal activity via astrocytic glutamate receptors. Pharmacological and genetic ATX inhibition both rescued schizophrenia-related hyperexcitability syndromes caused by altered bioactive lipid signaling in two genetic mouse models for psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, ATX inhibition did not affect naive animals. However, as our data suggested that pharmacological ATX inhibition is a general method to reverse cortical excitability, we applied ATX inhibition in a ketamine model of schizophrenia and rescued thereby the electrophysiological and behavioral schizophrenia-like phenotype. Our data show that astrocytic ATX is a novel modulator of glutamatergic transmission and that targeting ATX might be a versatile strategy for a novel drug therapy to treat cortical hyperexcitability in psychiatric disorders.


Assuntos
Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Ketamina , Lisofosfolipídeos/farmacologia , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética , Proteoglicanas/genética , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Psicotrópicos/farmacologia , Sinapses/fisiologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismo
8.
Br J Anaesth ; 123(1): 60-73, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31122738

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Xenon is a noble gas with neuroprotective properties that can improve short and long-term outcomes in young adult mice after controlled cortical impact. This follow-up study investigates the effects of xenon on very long-term outcomes and survival. METHODS: C57BL/6N young adult male mice (n=72) received single controlled cortical impact or sham surgery and were treated with either xenon (75% Xe:25% O2) or control gas (75% N2:25% O2). Outcomes measured were: (i) 24 h lesion volume and neurological outcome score; (ii) contextual fear conditioning at 2 weeks and 20 months; (iii) corpus callosum white matter quantification; (iv) immunohistological assessment of neuroinflammation and neuronal loss; and (v) long-term survival. RESULTS: Xenon treatment significantly reduced secondary injury (P<0.05), improved short-term vestibulomotor function (P<0.01), and prevented development of very late-onset traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related memory deficits. Xenon treatment reduced white matter loss in the contralateral corpus callosum and neuronal loss in the contralateral hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus areas at 20 months. Xenon's long-term neuroprotective effects were associated with a significant (P<0.05) reduction in neuroinflammation in multiple brain areas involved in associative memory, including reduction in reactive astrogliosis and microglial cell proliferation. Survival was improved significantly (P<0.05) in xenon-treated animals compared with untreated animals up to 12 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Xenon treatment after TBI results in very long-term improvements in clinically relevant outcomes and survival. Our findings support the idea that xenon treatment shortly after TBI may have long-term benefits in the treatment of brain trauma patients.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Xenônio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Crônica , Cognição , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Seguimentos , Inflamação/etiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Análise de Sobrevida
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 112(27): E3582-9, 2015 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26100875

RESUMO

The bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are partially redundant modulators of the circadian system. SHARP1/DEC2 has been shown to control sleep length in humans and sleep architecture is also altered in double mutant mice (S1/2(-/-)). Because of the importance of sleep for memory consolidation, we investigated the role of SHARP1 and SHARP2 in cognitive processing. S1/2(-/-) mice show enhanced cortex (Cx)-dependent remote fear memory formation as well as improved reversal learning, but do not display alterations in hippocampus (Hi)-dependent recent fear memory formation. SHARP1 and SHARP2 single null mutants do not display any cognitive phenotype supporting functional redundancy of both factors. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed elevated insulin-related growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling and increased phosphorylation of MAPK and S6 in the Cx but not the Hi of S1/2(-/-) mice. No changes were detected in single mutants. Moreover, adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated IGF2 overexpression in the anterior cingulate cortex enhanced remote fear memory formation and the analysis of forebrain-specific double null mutants of the Insulin and IGF1 receptors revealed their essential function for memory formation. Impaired fear memory formation in aged S1/2(-/-) mice indicates that elevated IGF2 signaling in the long term, however, has a negative impact on cognitive processing. In summary, we conclude that the bHLH transcription factors SHARP1 and SHARP2 are involved in cognitive processing by controlling Igf2 expression and associated signaling cascades. Our analyses provide evidence that the control of sleep and memory consolidation may share common molecular mechanisms.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like II/metabolismo , Memória de Longo Prazo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Western Blotting , Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Proteína 5 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/genética , Proteína 5 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like II/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Interferência de RNA , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/genética , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
11.
J Neurochem ; 143(5): 523-533, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28921587

RESUMO

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory compound to treat multiple sclerosis and psoriasis with neuroprotective potential. Its mechanism of action involves activation of the antioxidant pathway regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 thereby increasing synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). The objective of this study was to investigate whether post-traumatic DMF treatment is beneficial after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact followed by oral administration of DMF (80 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after the inflicted TBI. At 4 days after lesion (dal), DMF-treated mice displayed less neurological deficits than vehicle-treated mice and reduced histopathological brain damage. At the same time, the TBI-evoked depletion of brain GSH was prevented by DMF treatment. However, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 target gene mRNA expression involved in antioxidant and detoxifying pathways was increased in both treatment groups at 4 dal. Blood brain barrier leakage, as assessed by immunoglobulin G extravasation, inflammatory marker mRNA expression, and CD45+ leukocyte infiltration into the perilesional brain tissue was induced by TBI but not significantly altered by DMF treatment. Collectively, our data demonstrate that post-traumatic DMF treatment improves neurological outcome and reduces brain tissue loss in a clinically relevant model of TBI. Our findings suggest that DMF treatment confers neuroprotection after TBI via preservation of brain GSH levels rather than by modulating neuroinflammation.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Fumarato de Dimetilo/farmacologia , Neuroproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos
12.
PLoS Biol ; 12(11): e1001993, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25387269

RESUMO

The role of glia in modulating neuronal network activity is an important question. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) characteristically express the transmembrane proteoglycan nerve-glia antigen 2 (NG2) and are unique glial cells receiving synaptic input from neurons. The development of NG2+ OPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes has been well studied, yet the retention of a large population of synapse-bearing OPC in the adult brain poses the question as to additional functional roles of OPC in the neuronal network. Here we report that activity-dependent processing of NG2 by OPC-expressed secretases functionally regulates the neuronal network. NG2 cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 yields an ectodomain present in the extracellular matrix and a C-terminal fragment that is subsequently further processed by the γ-secretase to release an intracellular domain. ADAM10-dependent NG2 ectodomain cleavage and release (shedding) in acute brain slices or isolated OPC is increased by distinct activity-increasing stimuli. Lack of NG2 expression in OPC (NG2-knockout mice), or pharmacological inhibition of NG2 ectodomain shedding in wild-type OPC, results in a striking reduction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex and alterations in the subunit composition of their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr opionicacid (AMPA) receptors. In NG2-knockout mice these neurons exhibit diminished AMPA and NMDA receptor-dependent current amplitudes; strikingly AMPA receptor currents can be rescued by application of conserved LNS protein domains of the NG2 ectodomain. Furthermore, NG2-knockout mice exhibit altered behavior in tests measuring sensorimotor function. These results demonstrate for the first time a bidirectional cross-talk between OPC and the surrounding neuronal network and demonstrate a novel physiological role for OPC in regulating information processing at neuronal synapses.


Assuntos
Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Antígenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Oligodendroglia/fisiologia , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Proteína ADAM10 , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Potenciação de Longa Duração , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Plasticidade Neuronal , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Células Piramidais/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Filtro Sensorial , Sinapses/metabolismo
13.
Cereb Cortex ; 26(7): 3260-72, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26980613

RESUMO

Plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1) is a brain-specific protein that modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Here we investigated the functional role of PRG-1 in adolescent and adult mouse barrel cortex both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with wild-type (WT) animals, PRG-1-deficient (KO) mice showed specific behavioral deficits in tests assessing sensorimotor integration and whisker-based sensory discrimination as shown in the beam balance/walking test and sandpaper tactile discrimination test, respectively. At P25-31, spontaneous network activity in the barrel cortex in vivo was higher in KO mice compared with WT littermates, but not at P16-19. At P16-19, sensory evoked cortical responses in vivo elicited by single whisker stimulation were comparable in KO and WT mice. In contrast, at P25-31 evoked responses were smaller in amplitude and longer in duration in WT animals, whereas KO mice revealed no such developmental changes. In thalamocortical slices from KO mice, spontaneous activity was increased already at P16-19, and glutamatergic thalamocortical inputs to Layer 4 spiny stellate neurons were potentiated. We conclude that genetic ablation of PRG-1 modulates already at P16-19 spontaneous and evoked excitability of the barrel cortex, including enhancement of thalamocortical glutamatergic inputs to Layer 4, which distorts sensory processing in adulthood.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Córtex Somatossensorial/metabolismo , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Vibrissas/fisiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a Calmodulina/genética , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Vias Neurais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vias Neurais/metabolismo , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Córtex Somatossensorial/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tálamo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Percepção do Tato/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia
14.
Crit Care Med ; 44(2): e70-82, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26317567

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator propofol induces neuronal cell death in healthy immature brains by unbalancing neurotrophin homeostasis via p75 neurotrophin receptor signaling. In adulthood, p75 neurotrophin receptor becomes down-regulated and propofol loses its neurotoxic effect. However, acute brain lesions, such as traumatic brain injury, reactivate developmental-like programs and increase p75 neurotrophin receptor expression, probably to foster reparative processes, which in turn could render the brain sensitive to propofol-mediated neurotoxicity. This study investigates the influence of delayed single-bolus propofol applications at the peak of p75 neurotrophin receptor expression after experimental traumatic brain injury in adult mice. DESIGN: Randomized laboratory animal study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult C57BL/6N and nerve growth factor receptor-deficient mice. INTERVENTIONS: Sedation by IV propofol bolus application delayed after controlled cortical impact injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Propofol sedation at 24 hours after traumatic brain injury increased lesion volume, enhanced calpain-induced αII-spectrin cleavage, and increased cell death in perilesional tissue. Thirty-day postinjury motor function determined by CatWalk (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands) gait analysis was significantly impaired in propofol-sedated animals. Propofol enhanced pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor ratio, which aggravates p75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated cell death. Propofol toxicity was abolished both by pharmacologic inhibition of the cell death domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (TAT-Pep5) and in mice lacking the extracellular neurotrophin binding site of p75 neurotrophin receptor. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides first evidence that propofol sedation after acute brain lesions can have a deleterious impact and implicates a role for the pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor-p75 neurotrophin receptor pathway. This observation is important as sedation with propofol and other compounds with GABA receptor activity are frequently used in patients with acute brain pathologies to facilitate sedation or surgical and interventional procedures.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/biossíntese , Propofol/farmacologia , Receptor de Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Caspase 3/biossíntese , Morte Celular , Marcha , Frequência Cardíaca , Imunoensaio , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Receptor de Fator de Crescimento Neural/antagonistas & inibidores , Espectrina/metabolismo
15.
Crit Care Med ; 43(1): 149-158, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25188549

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the neuroprotective efficacy of the inert gas xenon following traumatic brain injury and to determine whether application of xenon has a clinically relevant therapeutic time window. DESIGN: Controlled animal study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male C57BL/6N mice (n = 196). INTERVENTIONS: Seventy-five percent xenon, 50% xenon, or 30% xenon, with 25% oxygen (balance nitrogen) treatment following mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Outcome following trauma was measured using 1) functional neurologic outcome score, 2) histological measurement of contusion volume, and 3) analysis of locomotor function and gait. Our study shows that xenon treatment improves outcome following traumatic brain injury. Neurologic outcome scores were significantly (p < 0.05) better in xenon-treated groups in the early phase (24 hr) and up to 4 days after injury. Contusion volume was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the xenon-treated groups. Xenon treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced contusion volume when xenon was given 15 minutes after injury or when treatment was delayed 1 or 3 hours after injury. Neurologic outcome was significantly (p < 0.05) improved when xenon treatment was given 15 minutes or 1 hour after injury. Improvements in locomotor function (p < 0.05) were observed in the xenon-treated group, 1 month after trauma. CONCLUSIONS: These results show for the first time that xenon improves neurologic outcome and reduces contusion volume following traumatic brain injury in mice. In this model, xenon application has a therapeutic time window of up to at least 3 hours. These findings support the idea that xenon may be of benefit as a neuroprotective treatment in patients with brain trauma.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Xenônio/uso terapêutico , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Marcha/fisiologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Xenônio/administração & dosagem
16.
J Neurosci ; 32(9): 2915-30, 2012 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22378867

RESUMO

The common neurotransmitter serotonin controls different aspects of early neuronal differentiation, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that activation of the serotonin 5-HT(7) receptor promotes synaptogenesis and enhances synaptic activity in hippocampal neurons at early postnatal stages. An analysis of Gα(12)-deficient mice reveals a critical role of G(12)-protein for 5-HT(7) receptor-mediated effects in neurons. In organotypic preparations from the hippocampus of juvenile mice, stimulation of 5-HT(7)R/G(12) signaling potentiates formation of dendritic spines, increases neuronal excitability, and modulates synaptic plasticity. In contrast, in older neuronal preparations, morphogenetic and synaptogenic effects of 5-HT(7)/G(12) signaling are abolished. Moreover, inhibition of 5-HT(7) receptor had no effect on synaptic plasticity in hippocampus of adult animals. Expression analysis reveals that the production of 5-HT(7) and Gα(12)-proteins in the hippocampus undergoes strong regulation with a pronounced transient increase during early postnatal stages. Thus, regulated expression of 5-HT(7) receptor and Gα(12)-protein may represent a molecular mechanism by which serotonin specifically modulates formation of initial neuronal networks during early postnatal development.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/genética , Subunidades alfa G12-G13 de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/fisiologia , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Neurogênese/genética , Neurônios/fisiologia , Receptores de Serotonina/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Subunidades alfa G12-G13 de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/biossíntese , Subunidades alfa G12-G13 de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Hipocampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Receptores de Serotonina/biossíntese , Receptores de Serotonina/genética , Sinapses/genética
17.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 208: 643-656, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37722569

RESUMO

Synaptic signaling depends on ATP generated by mitochondria. Dysfunctional mitochondria shift the redox balance towards a more oxidative environment. Due to extensive connectivity, the striatum is especially vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that neuronal calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) plays a role in striatal function and mitochondrial homeostasis. NECAB2 is a predominantly endosomal striatal protein which partially colocalizes with mitochondria. This colocalization is enhanced by mild oxidative stress. Global knockout of Necab2 in the mouse results in increased superoxide levels, increased DNA oxidation and reduced levels of the antioxidant glutathione which correlates with an altered mitochondrial shape and function. Striatal mitochondria from Necab2 knockout mice are more abundant and smaller and characterized by a reduced spare capacity suggestive of intrinsic uncoupling respectively mitochondrial dysfunction. In line with this, we also found an altered stress-induced interaction of endosomes with mitochondria in Necab2 knockout striatal cultures. The predominance of dysfunctional mitochondria and the pro-oxidative redox milieu correlates with a loss of striatal synapses and behavioral changes characteristic of striatal dysfunction like reduced motivation and altered sensory gating. Together this suggests an involvement of NECAB2 in an endosomal pathway of mitochondrial stress response important for striatal function.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Corpo Estriado , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Camundongos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Corpo Estriado/fisiologia
18.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(24)2022 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36552465

RESUMO

The CatWalk test relies on the run of mice across the platform to measure a constant speed with low variation. Mice usually require a stimulus to walk to the end of the catwalk. However, such stimuli are usually aversive and can impair welfare. Positive reinforcement training of laboratory animals is a thriving tool for refinement and contributes to meeting the demands instituted by Directive 2010/63/EU. We have already demonstrated the positive effects of clicker training. In this study, we trained male and female mice to complete the CatWalk protocol while assessing the effects of training on their well-being (Open Filed and Elevated Plus Maze). In the CatWalk test, we observed that clicker training improved the running speed of the mice. In addition, clicker training reduced the number of runs required by mice, which was more pronounced in males. Clicker training lowered anxiety-like behaviors in our mice, especially in females, where a significant difference was observed between trained and untrained ones. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that clicker training is an effective tool to motivate mice and increase performance on the CatWalk test without potentially impairing their welfare (e.g., by puffing them).

19.
Prog Neurobiol ; 217: 102333, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35872219

RESUMO

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates adult neurogenesis, but also influences structural plasticity and function of serotonergic neurons. Both, BDNF/TrkB signaling and the serotonergic system modulate behavioral responses to stress and can lead to pathological states when dysregulated. The two systems have been shown to mediate the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs and to regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. To elucidate the interplay of both systems at cellular and behavioral levels, we generated a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses BDNF in serotonergic neurons in an inducible manner. Besides displaying enhanced hippocampus-dependent contextual learning, transgenic mice were less affected by chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) compared to wild-type animals. In parallel, we observed enhanced serotonergic axonal sprouting in the dentate gyrus and increased neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, which was uniformly distributed along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. In the forced swim test, BDNF-overexpressing mice behaved similarly as wild-type mice treated with the antidepressant fluoxetine. Our data suggest that BDNF released from serotonergic projections exerts this effect partly by enhancing adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, independently of the genotype, enhanced neurogenesis positively correlated with the social interaction time after the CSDS, a measure for stress resilience.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos , Animais , Antidepressivos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fluoxetina/metabolismo , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Neurônios Serotoninérgicos/metabolismo
20.
Cells ; 11(21)2022 10 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36359800

RESUMO

Upon chronic stress, a fraction of individuals shows stress resilience, which can prevent long-term mental dysfunction. The underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we performed a data-driven behavioural stratification together with single-cell transcriptomics of the hippocampus in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress. Our work revealed that in a sub-group exhibiting molecular responses upon chronic stress, the dorsal hippocampus is particularly involved in neuroimmune responses, angiogenesis, myelination, and neurogenesis, thereby enabling brain restoration and homeostasis after chronic stress. Based on these molecular insights, we applied rapamycin after the stress as a proof-of-concept pharmacological intervention and were able to substantially increase stress resilience. Our findings serve as a data resource and can open new avenues for further understanding of molecular processes underlying stress response and for targeted interventions supporting resilience.


Assuntos
Derrota Social , Estresse Psicológico , Camundongos , Masculino , Animais , Hipocampo , Neurogênese , Modelos Animais de Doenças
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