People and place attachment: Exploring compliance in neighborhood health centers.

This article explores the roles of place attachment and social relationships in encouraging clients of a health center to comply with their health providers' directives. We draw on place attachment theory to explore the extent to which emotional bonds between clients and the center promote compliance. Next, we draw on place social bonding to explore whether clients' experiences derived from interactions at the center encourage compliance. Based on data obtained from center clients, we conclude that place attachment and social bonding drive compliance. From a practical perspective, providers and clients must engage in social interaction to promote compliance and engender place attachment.

[Treatment and prevention of monkeypox]. / Tratamiento y prevención de la viruela del mono.

Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.

New Insect Host Defense Peptides (HDP) From Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Transcriptomes.

The Coleoptera Scarabaeidae family is one of the most diverse groups of insects on the planet, which live in complex microbiological environments. Their immune systems have evolved diverse families of Host Defense Peptides (HDP) with strong antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. However, there are several peptide sequences that await discovery in this group of organisms. This would pave the way to identify molecules with promising therapeutic potential. This work retrieved two sources of information: 1) De-novo transcriptomic data from two species of neotropical Scarabaeidae (Dichotomius satanas and Ontophagus curvicornis); 2) Sequence data deposited in available databases. A Blast-based search was conducted against the transcriptomes with a subset of sequences representative of the HDP. This work reports 155 novel HDP sequences identified in nine transcriptomes from seven species of Coleoptera: D. satanas (n = 76; 49.03%), O. curvicornis (n = 23; 14.83%), (Trypoxylus dichotomus) (n = 18; 11.61%), (Onthophagus nigriventris) (n = 10; 6.45%), (Heterochelus sp) (n = 6; 3.87%), (Oxysternon conspicillatum) (n = 18; 11.61%), and (Popillia japonica) (n = 4; 2.58%). These sequences were identified based on similarity to known HDP insect families. New members of defensins (n = 58; 37.42%), cecropins (n = 18; 11.61%), attancins (n = 41; 26.45%), and coleoptericins (n = 38; 24.52%) were described based on their physicochemical and structural characteristics, as well as their sequence relationship to other insect HDPs. Therefore, the Scarabaeidae family is a complex and rich group of insects with a great diversity of antimicrobial peptides with potential antimicrobial activity.

Radiation Patterns of RF Wireless Devices Implanted in Small Animals: Unexpected Deformations Due to Body Resonance.

One challenge in designing RF wireless bioelectronic devices is the impact of the interaction between electromagnetic waves and host body tissues on far-field wireless performance. In this article, we investigate a peculiar phenomenon of implantable RF wireless devices within a small-scale host body related to the deformation of the directivity pattern. Radiation measurements of subcutaneously implanted antennas within rodent cadavers show that the direction of maximum radiation is not always identical with the direction to the closest body-air interface, as one would expect in larger-scale host bodies. For an implanted antenna in the back of a mouse, we observed the maximum directivity in the ventral direction with 4.6 dB greater gain compared to the nearest body-air interface direction. Analytic analysis within small-scale spherical body phantoms identifies two main factors for these results: the limited absorption losses due to the small body size relative to the operating wavelength and the high permittivity of the biological tissues of the host body. Due to these effects, the entire body acts as a dielectric resonator antenna, leading to deformations of the directivity pattern. These results are confirmed with the practical example of a wirelessly powered 2.4-GHz optogenetic implant, demonstrating the significance of the judicious placement of external antennas to take advantage of the deformation of the implanted antenna pattern. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully designing implantable RF wireless devices based on their placements and relative electrical dimensions in small-scale animal models.

Lymphocele Complication After Kidney Transplant: Current Literature Review and Management Algorithm.

Kidney transplant is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. It reduces mortality and improves the quality of life. However, kidney transplant presents medical and surgical complications, and one of the most common is the posttransplant lymphocele. Lymphocele complication has an incidence of up to 20% and presents with variable clinical symptoms, which are directly associated with the size and compression effect on the adjacent organs. There are reported risk factors that favor the appearance of lymphocele. Despite known factors, there are more relevant factors (male sex, deceased donor, and corticosteroids) to carry out a stricter follow-up. The treatment of lymphoceles can vary according to the severity of the symptoms, characteristics of the collection, and the patient's clinical status. Despite the high recurrence, percutaneous intervention is the initial approach in this condition. If percutaneous aspiration, drainage, and sclerotherapy are unsuccessful, then open or laparoscopic fenestration can be performed; laparoscopy is the standard of treatment since it is highly effective and has few adverse effects.

Do We Need a Urine Culture Before Cystoscopy? Time to Shift Away from Routine Testing.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if cystoscopy could be safely performed without a urine culture by analyzing 2 prospectively cohorts of patients undergoing outpatient cystoscopy, 1 without urine culture and the other cohort screened and treated for ASB as per protocol. We aim to report the rate of symptomatic UTI and the rate of urinary sepsis within 30 days of cystoscopy. METHODS: All patients who underwent cystoscopy between 2021 and 2022 were invited to participate. Patients were prospectively recruited in a 2:1 ratio. Cohort A: patients who did not require urine culture before cystoscopy. Cohort B: patients who were required to have sterile urine before the procedure. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of symptomatic UTI ≤ 30 days after cystoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 461 patients were recruited, 316 for cohort A and 145 for cohort B. Fifteen patients had symptomatic UTIs between both groups, 8 in Cohort A and 7 in Cohort B. The overall rate of symptomatic UTI was 3.2%, 2.5% for Cohort A and 4.8% for Cohort B. We had only 1 case of urinary sepsis in Cohort B. The RR for developing UTI in cohort B was 1.91 in the univariate model and 1.74 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Routine urine culture before outpatient cystoscopy is unnecessary. In asymptomatic patients, subsequent UTIs are rare and can be easily treated. Avoiding routine urine culture helps prevent misuse of antibiotics, reduce cancellation rates, and ease the burden of patients that get cancelled because of ASB. The low risk of symptomatic UTI after the procedure must be discussed with the patient.

Treatment and prevention of monkeypox.

Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.

Mandibular Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Metastatic malignancies of the oral cavity are rare lesions, accounting for only 1-4% of all oral malignancies, and can occur in the jaw bones, the oral soft tissues, or even both. Although hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic tumor, no more than 1% of the cases show oral involvement. When metastatic tumor involves the oral cavity, the most frequent site is the posterior angle of the mandible. Histologically, hence, immunohistochemical markers are used for diagnosis. Glypican-3 and HepPar1 are the markers that can be used to confirm the microscopic diagnosis of HCC. Very rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasizes to the oral cavity, and such cases have a poor prognosis due to delay in diagnosis. We present a 74-year-old male with a metastasis of HCC in the left mandibular body as the first manifestation. Histologic examination confirmed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the oral mucosa with immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. A review of pertinent literature was performed. Given the rarity of the disease, treatment principles are based mainly on retrospective series and case reports. We report an exceptionally unusual presentation with few cases (<70) reported in the literature, thus representing a diagnostic challenge.

Outpatient 180 W XPS GreenLight Laser Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate: 7-Year Experience.

Purpose: GreenLight XPS Laser System (GL-XPS) photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is not only noninferior to transurethral resection of the prostate, but also with shorter rates of hospital stay and length of catheterization. Scarce literature has been published about the feasibility and safety of performing GL-XPS PVP in an outpatient setting. Our aim is to report our 7-year experience with outpatient GL-XPS PVP. Methods: Medical charts of all patients who underwent GL-XPS PVP between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Patients were discharged after careful monitoring in the recovery room and the catheter was removed either at home or at a scheduled hospital visit. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess for normal distribution, and the evaluation of homoscedasticity was performed with the SD test. For qualitative variables, the comparison between groups was carried using the chi-square test and for the quantitative variables we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 537 patients were treated, 517 in an outpatient basis. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 62-76), median prostate volume 50 cc (IQR 40-70). 22.8% were on anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy. Median operative time was 100 minutes (IQR 75-125), length of hospital stay 5 hours (IQR 4-6.45), mean length of catheterization 48 hours (SD 14.92). Readmission rate within 90 days of surgery was 11.7%, 58 (10.8%) for surgical-related complications. Median time for readmission was 4 days (IQR 2-24). Immediate readmission (within 10 days) was recorded in 7.6% of patients, urinary retention was the main cause. No significant differences were found trying to find perioperative predictors for readmission. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that outpatient GL-XPS PVP could be performed safely with a predefined outpatient pathway, with a low readmission and complication rate. (IRB number CEI-521).

Novel antimicrobial cecropins derived from O. curvicornis and D. satanas dung beetles.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem and therapeutic alternatives to traditional antibiotics are needed. Antimicrobial and host defense peptides represent an attractive source for new therapeutic strategies, given their wide range of activities including antimicrobial, antitumoral and immunomodulatory. Insects produce several families of these peptides, including cecropins. Herein, we characterized the sequence, structure, and biological activity of three cecropins called satanin 1, 2, and curvicin, found in the transcriptome of two dung beetle species Dichotomius satanas and Onthophagus curvicornis. Sequence and circular dichroism analyses show that they have typical features of the cecropin family: short length (38-39 amino acids), positive charge, and amphipathic α-helical structure. They are active mainly against Gram-negative bacteria (3.12-12.5 µg/mL), with low toxicity on eukaryotic cells resulting in high therapeutic indexes (TI > 30). Peptides also showed effects on TNFα production in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. The biological activity of Satanin 1, 2 and Curvicin makes them interesting leads for antimicrobial strategies.

Estimation of Fractional Photosynthetically Active Radiation From a Canopy 3D Model; Case Study: Almond Yield Prediction.

Canopy-intercepted light, or photosynthetically active radiation, is fundamentally crucial for quantifying crop biomass development and yield potential. Fractional photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (fPAR) is conventionally obtained by measuring the PAR both below and above the canopy using a mobile lightbar platform to predict the potential yield of nut crops. This study proposed a feasible and low-cost method for accurately estimating the canopy fPAR using aerial photogrammetry-based canopy three-dimensional models. We tested up to eight different varieties in three experimental almond orchards, including California's leading variety of 'Nonpareil'. To extract various canopy profile features, such as canopy cover and canopy volume index, we developed a complete data collection and processing pipeline called Virtual Orchard (VO) in Python environment. Canopy fPAR estimated by VO throughout the season was compared against midday canopy fPAR measured by a mobile lightbar platform in midseason, achieving a strong correlation (R 2) of 0.96. A low root mean square error (RMSE) of 2% for 'Nonpareil'. Furthermore, we developed regression models for predicting actual almond yield using both measures, where VO estimation of canopy fPAR, as a stronger indicator, achieved a much better prediction (R 2 = 0.84 and RMSE = 195 lb acre-1) than the lightbar (R 2 = 0.70 and RMSE = 266 lb acre-1) for 'Nonpareil'. Eight different new models for estimating potential yield were also developed using temporal analysis from May to August in 2019 by adjusting the ratio between fPAR and dry kernel yield previously found using a lightbar. Finally, we compared the two measures at two different spatial precision levels: per-row and per-block. fPAR estimated by VO at the per-tree level was also assessed. Results showed that VO estimated canopy fPAR performed better at each precision level than lightbar with up to 0.13 higher R 2. The findings in this study serve as a fundamental link between aerial-based canopy fPAR and the actual yield of almonds.

High Iodine Urinary Concentration Is Associated with High TSH Levels but Not with Nutrition Status in Schoolchildren of Northeastern Mexico.

According to the Iodine Global Network, Mexico is considered a country with adequate national iodine intake (297 mg/L), but some regions have not been studied. We aimed to evaluate urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and its association with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and the nutritional status in 307 children (aged 5 to 11 years) from three elementary schools of Monterrey, northern Mexico. UIC in spot urine samples and capillary TSH levels were measured to assess thyroid function, in addition to weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). We found a median UIC of 442 mg/L and a significant association between UIC and TSH levels by logistic regression when data were adjusted for (1) age and sex; (2) age, sex, and WC; and (3) age, sex, and weight status. UIC values were higher in 7-year-old children compared to 11-year-old children. High prevalences of overweight/obesity (41%) and WC >90 pctl (22%) were observed. This study identified higher UIC levels in children than those previously reported in the country. The UIC showed a positive and significant correlation between TSH levels in the three models evaluated. More studies are needed to assess the causes and possible outcomes of high UIC levels.

[Clinical and epidemiological features of imported dengue in Spain]. / Estudio clinicoepidemiológico del dengue importado en España.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dengue is the most common imported arbovirus infection in Europe. International travel and an increasing incidence of dengue fever in tropical areas have defined the disease as an emerging infection in returning travellers. We describe the clinical and microbiological features of imported dengue in 3 referral hospitals in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included patients diagnosed with dengue infection during a 3-year period (2002--2005). We recorded clinical and epidemiological data and collected blood samples for serological and molecular studies of dengue infection. Data was analyzed with the statistical package Stata 9.2. RESULTS: We diagnosed 61 dengue cases, mostly European tourists who travelled to Latin America. Fever was found in 98.4% of patients and 80.3% presented with cutaneous eruption. Five patients had severe symptoms. Eighteen percent were considered to have secondary infections, although no patients met the WHO criteria for hemorrhagic dengue. In 26 cases, dengue was confirmed through viral genome detection and 35 cases through serology. Four patients were considered as <> dengue infection, and 57 as <>. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue is a common diagnosis for returning travellers, and it may present with severe manifestations. In our sample, there was an elevated percentage of secondary infections even though no previous history of dengue was reported by the patients. Hemorrhagic dengue and septic shock dengue are a risk for travellers returning from endemic areas.

Identification and characterization of novel cecropins from the Oxysternon conspicillatum neotropic dung beetle.

Dung beetles are exposed to a complex microbiological ecosystem during their life cycle. Characterization of novel host-defense peptides (HDP) is essential to understanding the host innate immune response in insects. It constitutes a promising alternative to look for new therapeutic agents against pathogenic microbes. We identified four new HDP, Oxysterlins 1, 2, 3, and 4 from the transcriptome of the Oxysternon conspicillatum dung beetle. These HDP display a highly conserved signal peptide and a mature peptide, characterized by an overall positive charge (cationic) (pI: 10.23-11.49), a hydrophobic ratio (ΦH: 35-41), and amphipathicity. Oxysterlins 1, 2, and 3 have a linear α-helix structure, whilst Oxysterlin 4 has a mixture of both α-helix and ß-sheet structures without disulfide bonds through bioinformatics prediction and circular dichroism. Oxysterlins are part of the cecropin family group in an exclusive clade related to beetle cecropins. They have predominant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains (3.12-50 µg/mL) measured by plate microdilution. Their kinetics, in a time-killing curve showed concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, these HDP have low toxicity against human erythrocytes (62.5-500 µg/mL) and Vero cells (250-500 µg/mL). This article describes new HDP of the cecropin family from the Oxysternon conspicillatum dung beetle, with antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria and low toxicity.

Performance of six different ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in heavily antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected patients.

BACKGROUND: Regimens based on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) are often used as rescue interventions. It is unclear whether significant differences exist between distinct PI/r. METHOD: All HIV+ patients who had experienced PI failure at two HIV clinics and were rescued with a regimen based on saquinavir (SQV)/r 1000/100 mg bid, indinavir (IDV)/r 800/100 mg bid, lopinavir (LPV)/r 400/100 mg bid, amprenavir (APV)/r 600/100 mg bid, atazanavir (ATV)/r 300/100 mg qd, or tipranavir (TPV)/r 500/200 mg bid were retrospectively examined. A significant virological response (VR) was defined as >1 log reduction in plasma HIV-RNA or to <50 copies/mL at week 24. RESULTS: A total of 389 patients were included in the analysis: 139 on SQV/r, 35 on IDV/r, 129 on LPV/r, 35 on APV/r, 29 on ATV/r, and 22 on TPV/r. No significant differences in HIV-RNA and CD4 counts at baseline were recognized between groups. In a multivariate analysis, only the total number of protease resistance mutations was associated with a lower VR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87, p < .001). The presence of <5 or > or =5 protease resistance mutations at baseline was the best threshold to discriminate the achievement of VR in any treatment group. In an intent-to-treat analysis, for individuals with 5 protease resistance mutations, the rates of VR were 64% with TPV/r, 47% with LPV/r, 46% with SQV/r, 33% with ATV/r, 25% with IDV/r, and 16% with APV/r. Adverse events leading to treatment withdrawal occurred more frequently using IDV/r (22.8%) than others (p = .03). CONCLUSION: The rate of VR in salvage therapy using PI/r-based regimens is relatively high in PI-experienced patients. The efficacy is greatly influenced by the number of baseline protease resistance mutations; 5 mutations is the best threshold to predict the chances of VR to any PI/r-based regimen.

Association Between Cold Exposure and Asthma: Systematic Review and meta-analysis, 1965-2015 / Asociación entre la exposición al frío y el asma: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, 1965-2015

ABSTRACT Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies that explore the relation between asthma and cold exposure. Materials and methods: Systematic review of experimental and observational studies published up to August 2015 in Pubmed, Embase and Lilacs. Two researchers selected studies that measured the occurrence of asthma in individuals exposed to different environmental temperatures. A meta-analysis used RevMan 5.3's random effects model to calculate a summary weighted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals, and a sensitivity analysis identified the influence of each study. Subsequent subgroup analyses identified summary measures by type of cold exposure and study design. Additional analysis measured heterogeneity and risk of bias. Results: We found 86 studies measuring the relation between cold exposure and asthma. We included 11.6% (10/86) of the studies in the meta-analysis and found an association between cold exposure and asthma with all the studies (ORw 2.0 95%CI 1.28-3.14), with the subgroup of experimental studies (ORw 3.8 IC95% 1.70-8.86), and with cold environmental air (ORw 1.59 IC95% 1.10-2.30). The studies had high risk of bias and statistical heterogeneity [I2: 63.1% (27%-81.4%)]. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis of an association between asthma and cold exposure. This study encourages to explore the concepts proposed by traditional medicine to establish its benefits on prevention and care of respiratory diseases, such as asthma.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Realizar una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de estudios observacionales y experimentales que exploren la relación entre asma y exposición al frío Materiales y Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios experimentales y observacionales publicados hasta agosto de 2015 en Pubmed, Embase y Lilacs. Dos investigadores seleccionaron estudios midiendo la ocurrencia de asma tras la exposición a diferentes temperaturas ambientales. Usando un modelo de efectos aleatorios en RevMan 5.3, un meta-análisis calculó un resumen de Odds Ratio ponderado con intervalos de confianza de 95%. Un análisis de sensibilidad identificó la influencia de cada estudio. Análisis de subgrupo identificaron las medidas de resumen de acuerdo a tipo de exposición al frío y diseño de estudio. Finalmente, medimos heterogeneidad y riesgo de sesgos. Resultados: Encontramos 86 estudios explorando la relación entre la exposición al frío y el asma. Incluimos 11.6% (10/86) de los estudios en el meta-análisis y encontramos una asociación entre la exposición al frío y asma en todos los estudios (ORw 2.0 95%CI 1.28-3.14), en el subgrupo de estudios experimentales (ORw 3.8 IC95% 1.70-8.86), y aire frío ambiental (ORw 1.59 IC95% 1.10-2.30). Los estudios tienen alto riesgo de sesgos y heterogeneidad [I2: 63.1% (27%-81.4%)]. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de una asociación entre asma y exposición al frío. Este estudio invita a explorar los conceptos de la medicina tradicional para la prevención y cuidado de enfermedades respiratorias.

Clinical practice considerations and review of the literature for the Use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: Many commonly prescribed agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have important restrictions on use in patients with renal impairment. Prescribing information and published data on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors indicate that these agents are suitable for use in this patient population. However, a recent database analysis indicated prevalent underrecognition of renal impairment and limited awareness of prescription considerations associated with DPP-4 inhibitor use in patients with renal impairment. Thus, this article reviews recent literature on the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with renal impairment and T2DM. METHODS: PubMed searches were conducted for literature describing the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with renal impairment. RESULTS: Most DPP-4 inhibitors are characterized by significant renal clearance. As a result, pharmacokinetics are measurably affected by the presence of renal impairment; plasma exposure of DPP-4 inhibitors and their metabolites may increase by up to sevenfold in severe impairment/end-stage renal disease. The exception in this case is linagliptin, which is eliminated predominantly via the hepatobiliary system. Our search identified several studies that evaluated specific doses of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with renal impairment and reported positive safety and efficacy results. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, DPP-4 inhibitors are an effective means of controlling blood glucose in patients with T2DM and renal impairment. Considering the restrictions associated with many other antihyperglycemic agents when used in patients with renal impairment, DPP-4 inhibitors should be a considered as a treatment option in this patient population.

Dinámica folicular en yeguas paso fino colombiano medido por ultrasonografía en la Sabana de Bogotá / Follicular dynamics in mares paso fino colombiano at Sabana of Bogotá Colombia

Este estudio surgió como medio para obtener un parámetro de crecimiento diario folicular, momento de la ovulación, y determinar cuál es el ovario con mayor número de ovulaciones en la yegua de Paso Fino Colombiano con el fin de aportar algunos datos de dinámica folicular en la yegua de esta especie, ya que la información disponible en la literatura data generalmente en otras razas y condiciones diferentes al trópico. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se tomaron como muestra cincuenta (50) yeguas ubicadas en la sabana de Bogotá: (Chía – Cundinamarca), a una altura de 2.652 metros sobre el nivel del mar, temperatura promedio de 12° C y pluviosidad 1.500 mm; la edad de los animales osciló entre los cinco y diez años. Se realizaron ecografías periódicas día por medio por palpación rectal, con el fin de realizar un seguimiento del crecimiento folicular una vez detectado un folículo dominante (>30 mm de diámetro), hasta su ovulación. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva, con desviación estándar, además de una prueba F para varianzas desiguales e iguales para determinar diferencias en el tamaño folicular a la ovulación y crecimiento diario folicular entre el ovario derecho e izquierdo. Teniendo como resultado que la yegua de paso fino colombiano tiene un crecimiento diario folicular de 2,04+/-0,63 mm, un tamaño folicular a la ovulación de 41,34+/-2,14 mm, y que de los cincuenta ciclos estrales analizados el 60% fue por el ovario izquierdo y el 40% restante por el ovario derecho. Las diferencias en cuanto a tamaño folicular a la ovulación no fueron significativas (P>0,50) entre los ovarios, mientras que para el crecimiento diario folicular sí hubo diferencia significativa (P<0,02) lo que significa que los folículos del ovario derecho tuvieron un crecimiento mayor a los del ovario izquierdo. Con estos resultados se obtuvo que la yegua de paso fino colombiano se comporta reproductivamente de manera similar a las demás razas, dentro de las condiciones de trópico establecidas en este estudio...

D-glucose and NaCl enhance the expression of aquaporin-1: inhibition of both by cholera toxin.

AIM: To determine whether glucose, NaCl and/or cholera toxin modify the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) water channel. METHODS: Aquaporin-1 gene expression was studied using primary cultures of human renal proximal tubule epithelial (HRPTE) cells. RESULTS: D-Glucose and NaCl (500 mosm/kg.H(2)O each) enhanced AQP-1 expression 2.4-fold (p < 0.05) and 4.0-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, which could be blocked 73 and 70% (p < 0.01), respectively, by cholera enterotoxin (10(-7) M). Angiotensin II (10(-6) M and 10(-8) M), vasopressin (10(-8) M) and/or atrial natriuretic peptide (10(-8) M) did not affect AQP-1 expression. Hyperosmolar Reno-60 and Hypaque-76 contrast agents at 500 mosm/kg.H(2)O and isomolar Visipaque at 25% (v/v) concentration(s) also increased AQP-1 expression 3.8- to 5.0-fold (p < 0.01) in HRPTE cells which also were inhibited by cholera toxin from 41% (p < 0.05) to 71% (p < 0.01). AQP-1 was translocated from the cytosol to the membrane of HRPTE cells and hyperosmolarity enhanced this translocation 2.5-fold (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The increased urinary concentrating ability in proximal segment of the diabetic kidney associated with increased plasma glucose may be mediated via glucose's ability to enhance AQP-1 expression, which leads to a more concentrated urine. The decrease in urinary flow secondary to cholera toxin exposure, on the other hand, may be mediated indirectly by cholera toxin's inhibition of aquaoporin-1 gene expression.

Inmunidad pasiva en potros de madres inmunoestimuladas con Células inactivas de Propionibacterium y Lipopolisacáridos (Lpd) / Passive immunity in colts from immunostimulated mares with inactivated cells of Propionibacterium Granulosum and lipopolysacarids (LPS)

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto del uso de un producto inmunomodulador, preparado con Lipopolisacárido de E. coli y células inactivas de Propionibacterium granulosum, y aplicado a yeguas en la última fase de la gestación. Se evaluó en los potros las concentraciones de IgG e IgM depués del consumo de calostro y se determinaron los parámetros de morbimortalidad neonatal y pesos al nacimiento y al destete. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo general con el uso del producto bajo las condiciones en las que se realizó el estudio...