The transmembrane and cytosolic domains of equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein D determine Golgi retention by regulating vesicle formation.

Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of envelope proteins in viral secondary envelopment. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon remain elusive. To shed light on these mechanisms, we investigated a Golgi-retained gD of EHV-1 (gDEHV-1), distinguishing it from its counterparts in Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Pseudorabies Virus (PRV). To unravel the specific sequences responsible for the Golgi retention phenotype, we employed a gene truncation and replacement strategy. The results suggested that Golgi retention signals in gDEHV-1 exhibiting a multi-domain character. The extracellular domain of gDEHV-1 was identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident domain, the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (TM-CT) of gDEHV-1 were integral in facilitating the protein's residence within the Golgi complex. Deletion or replacement of either of these dual domains consistently resulted in the mutant gDEHV-1 being retained in an ER-like structure. Moreover, (TM-CT)EHV-1 demonstrated a preference for binding to endomembranes, inducing the generation of a substantial number of vesicles, potentially originate from the Golgi complex or the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the Golgi retention of gDEHV-1, facilitating the comprehension of the processes underlying viral secondary envelopment.

[Preliminary study on HOx photochemical processes in urban atmosphere of Guangzhou City].

Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) and other pollutants in Guangzhou city were carried out in July, 2000. The quantitative analysis of HOx reaction cycle during daytime in summer was made. The calculation results indicated that the total production rates of OH and HO2 were about 4.5 x 10(8) OH/(cm3 x s) and 3.8 x 10(8) HO2/(cm3 x s), respectively. The primary OH source in urban atmosphere was the photolysis of HONO, while the main OH sinks were the reactions of OH with VOCs, HCHO, NO2 and CO. The HOx chemistry in urban atmosphere is quite different from that in the remote clean atmosphere.