Lysosome dynamics during human endometrial stromal cells decidualization: effect of para-nonylphenol.

During the process of decidualization, the stromal cells of the endometrium change dynamically to create a favorable environment for embryo implantation. Lysosome activity has often been associated with physiological changes in the endometrium during the preimplantation period and early pregnancy. In this study, the effect of para-nonylphenol (p-NP), an endocrine disruptor, on human immortalized endometrial stromal cells (tHESCs) was investigated. After exposure to p-NP (1 nM and 1 pM), the cells were examined for the decidualization markers connexin-43, insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), and prolactin. In addition, the effect of p-NP on lysosome biogenesis and exocytosis was investigated by examining the expression and localization of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and that of the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). Finally, we evaluated the effect of p-NP on extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling using a fibronectin assay. Our results showed that p-NP reduced the expression of prolactin protein, increased the nuclear localization of TFEB, and induced the increase and translocation of the lysosomal protein LAMP-1 to the membrane of tHESCs. The data indicate an impairment of decidualization and suggest an increase in lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis, which is supported by the higher release of active cathepsin D by tHESCs. Given the importance of cathepsins in the processing and degradation of the ECM during trophoblast invasiveness and migration into the decidua, our results appear to be clear evidence of the negative effects of p-NP on endometrial processes that are fundamental to reproductive success and the establishment of pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endocrine disruptors, such as para-nonylphenol, affect the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells with an impact on decidualization itself, lysosome biogenesis and exocytosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. All these alterations may negatively impact embryo implantation with the success of reproduction and the establishment of pregnancy.

Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia.

Proinflammatory cytokines are produced in pregnancy in response to the invading pathogens and/or nonmicrobial causes such as damage-associated molecules and embryonic semi-allogenic antigens. While inflammation is essential for a successful pregnancy, an excessive inflammatory response is implicated in several pathologies including pre-eclampsia (PE). This review focuses on the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a critical regulator of the innate immune response and a major player of processes allowing normal placental development. PE is a severe pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by exaggerated inflammatory response and generalized endothelial damage. In some cases, usually of early onset, it originates from a maldevelopment of the placenta, and is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (placental PE). In other cases, usually of late onset, pre-pregnancy maternal diseases represent risk factors for the development of the disease (maternal PE). Available data suggest that low MIF production in early pregnancy could contribute to the abnormal placentation. The resulting placental hypoxia in later pregnancy could produce high release of MIF in maternal serum typical of placental PE. More studies are needed to understand the role of MIF, if any, in maternal PE.

Placental Glucose Transporters and Response to Bisphenol A in Pregnancies from of Normal and Overweight Mothers.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic phenol extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and a component of liquid and food storages. Among health disorders potentially attributed to BPA, the effects on metabolism have been especially studied. BPA represents a hazard in prenatal life because of its presence in tissues and fluids during pregnancy. Our recent study in rats fed with BPA showed a placental increase in glucose type 1 transporter (GLUT-1), suggesting a higher uptake of glucose. However, the role of BPA on GLUT transporters in pregnant women with metabolic dysfunction has not yet been investigated. In this study, placental tissue from 26 overweight (OW) women and 32 age-matched normal weight (NW) pregnant women were examined for expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4. Placental explants from OW and NW mothers were exposed to BPA 1 nM and 1 µM and tested for GLUTs expression. The data showed a different response of placental explants to BPA in GLUT1 expression with an increase in NW mothers and a decrease in OW ones. GLUT4 expression was lower in the explants from OW than NW mothers, while no difference was showed between OW and NW in placental biopsies for any of the transporters.

Bisphenol A modulates receptivity and secretory function of human decidual cells: an in vitro study.

The human endometrium is a fertility-determining tissue and a target of steroid hormones' action. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) can exert adverse effects on the physiological function of the decidua at the maternal-fetal interface. We examined the potential effects of an ED, bisphenol A (BPA), on endometrial maturation/decidualization, receptivity, and secretion of decidual factors (biomarkers). In vitro decidualized, endometrial stromal cells from six hysterectomy specimens were treated with 1  pM-1  µM of BPA, for 24  h and assessed for cell viability and proliferation. Three non-toxic concentrations of BPA (1  µM, 1  nM, and 1  pM) were selected to study its influence on secretion of cell decidualization biomarkers (IGF-binding protein and decidual prolactin (dPRL)), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and hormone receptors' expression (estrogen receptors (ERα and ERß); progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB); and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/LH receptor (LH-R)). The results showed a decrease in cell viability (P<0.001) in response to BPA at the level of 1  mM. At the non-toxic concentrations used, BPA perturbed the expression of ERα, ERß, PRA, PRB, and hCG/LH-R (P<0.05). Furthermore, 1  µM of BPA reduced the mRNA transcription of dPRL (P<0.05). Secretion of MIF was stimulated by all BPA treatments, the lowest concentration (1  pM) being the most effective (P<0.001). The multi-targeted disruption of BPA on decidual cells, at concentrations commonly detected in the human population, raises great concern about the possible consequences of exposure to BPA on the function of decidua and thus its potential deleterious effect on pregnancy.

Serum levels, tissue expression and cellular secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in limited and diffuse systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate serum levels, tissue/cellular expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with limited (lSSc) and diffuse (dSSc) systemic sclerosis. METHODS: 10 lSSc-patients, 10 dSSc-patients and 10 controls were enrolled. MIF serum levels were assayed by ELISA. MIF and its receptors CD74/CD44 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsies from patients with dSSc, lSSc (affected and not-affected skin) and controls. MIF levels were assessed (ELISA) in supernatants of healthy dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and in control (CTR), non-affected SSc (NA) and affected (SSc) fibroblasts treated for 48 h with 10% control serum and 10% SSc-serum. MIF supernatant (ELISA) and mRNA (quantitative real-time PCR) levels were determined in SSc dermal fibroblasts and in control dermal fibroblasts untreated or stimulated at 6 h-24 h-48 h with bleomycin (50 mU/ml). RESULTS: Serum MIF was significantly higher in dSSc (18.7±4.1 ng/ml, p<0.001) and in lSSc (10.4±4.4 ng/ml, p<0.001) patients respect to controls (2.6±1.4 ng/ml). Enhanced MIF immunoreactivity was found in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelium, sebaceous/sweat glands from lSSc/dSSc affected skin. Faint MIF immunoreactivity was found in control skin and not-affected skin of lSSc patients. No differences were found in CD74/CD44 receptors' analysis among control and dSSc/lSSc affected and non-affected skin. MVECs and fibroblasts (CTR, NA and SSc) produced significantly more MIF, when stimulated with SSc serum respect to control-serum (p<0.001). Finally, MIF mRNA levels significantly increased at 6h (p<0.001) and decreased at 48 h (p<0.001) in control fibroblasts treated with bleomycin compared to control untreated. Simultaneously, MIF supernatant protein levels increased after 48 h (p<0.01) in bleomycin-treated fibroblasts respect to untreated ones. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MIF could be implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc, probably acting as protective factor against the SSc stressful conditions.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in fetoplacental tissues from preeclamptic pregnancies with or without fetal growth restriction.

The proinflammatory cytokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) is involved in physiological and pathological processes in pregnancy. MIF maternal serum levels are increased in preeclampsia (PE). We hypothesize that pregnancy tissues are the source of MIF overexpression in PE. MIF protein was studied in maternal sera, placental tissues, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord of 8 control and 20 PE pregnancies: 10 with normal fetal growth (PE-AGA) and 10 with fetal growth restriction (PE-FGR). MIF levels were significantly higher in PE-AGA membranes than in controls and PE-FGR. In PE-FGR, MIF cord concentrations were higher than in PE-AGA while MIF placental levels were lower than in controls. MIF maternal serum levels were higher in PE, compared to controls, and the difference was mainly due to PE-FGR samples. These data support MIF involvement in PE pathogenesis and suggest that different pregnancy tissues contribute to MIF production in PE with and without fetoplacental compromise.

Rank-Rankl-Opg Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: The Contribution of Placenta.

Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) can safely become pregnant and give birth, with no side effects or impediments. Pregnancy is generally accepted as a period of well-being in which relapses have a softer evolution, particularly in the third trimester. Herein, we hypothesized that the placenta, via its "secretome", could contribute to the recognized beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS activity. We focused on a well-known receptor/ligand/decoy receptor system, such as the one composed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which have never been investigated in an integrated way in MS, pregnancy, and placenta. We reported that pregnancy at the term of gestation influences the balance between circulating RANKL and its endogenous inhibitor OPG in MS women. We demonstrated that the placenta at term is an invaluable source of homodimeric OPG. By functional studies on astrocytes, we showed that placental OPG suppresses the mRNA expression of the CCL20, a chemokine responsible for Th17 cell recruitment. We propose placental OPG as a crucial molecule for the recognized beneficial effect of late pregnancy on MS and its potential utility for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.

Cytokine components and mucosal immunity in the oviduct of Xenopus laevis (amphibia, pipidae).

Most studies on the mucosal immunity in female reproductive tissues have been performed in mammals. In all species, apart from their reproductive strategies, immunity in the genital mucosa is required to defend the host against luminal pathogens. In this study we investigated the role of the innate immunity of the oviductal mucosa of Xenopus laevis, an amphibian characterized by external fertilization. In particular we examined the expression and localization of Interleukin-1ß (IL1B), Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) in different oviductal portions including an upper glandular region, an intermediate and a lower aglandular region (the ovisac). Tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot using polyclonal antibodies against human molecules. IL1B, MIF and IL1R1 were all shown in the three oviductal regions examined, albeit with a general increase towards the external environment. A substantial difference among the cytokine components was also observed mainly in the epithelium of the glandular and intermediate regions. Specifically, all three molecules were expressed by the luminal ciliated cells while only IL1R1 was present in the unciliated cells at the bottom of the epithelial ingrowths. The expression of IL1R1 in these cells appeared as a continuous layer separating the epithelium from the underlying tissues. While supporting the role of the innate immune system for host's defense against pathogens, the peculiar distribution of the cytokine components in the oviduct of X. laevis suggests novel immunologic strategies useful to assure gland secretion essential for egg formation and fertilization.

Natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone decreases lung inflammation in the preterm lamb.

BACKGROUND: Natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone decreases pulmonary oxidative stress in preterm lambs with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that this occurs through a decrease in pulmonary inflammation. METHODS: Preterm lambs received 200 mg/kg of natural surfactant or 200 mg/kg of natural surfactant combined with 400 or 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were assayed in bronchial aspirate samples and lung mechanics were evaluated. RESULTS: IL-8 increased in all the groups, but the increase was lower in the groups treated with surfactant plus 400 and 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone. MIF decreased in the surfactant group, did not vary in the surfactant plus 400 µg/kg beclomethasone group, and decreased in the surfactant plus 800 µg/kg beclomethasone group. MIF concentration was higher in the surfactant plus 800 µg/kg beclomethasone group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone at 800 µg/kg is effective in reducing lung inflammation in an animal model of RDS, thus explaining the associated decrease in lung oxidative stress. The increase in MIF in animals treated with surfactant plus 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone might be an important maturative and protective factor for neonatal lungs.

17{beta}-Estradiol modulates the macrophage migration inhibitory factor secretory pathway by regulating ABCA1 expression in human first-trimester placenta.

Successful pregnancy involves a series of events, most of them mediated by hormones and cytokines. Estrogens, besides being important for placental growth and embryo development, have a marked effect on the immune system exerting either pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies suggest that estrogens directly affect cellular function, including cytokine production. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in pregnancy, particularly during the earlier stages of placentation. Since reports on mice have shown that estrogens modulate MIF, herein we investigated the effect of estrogens on human placental MIF. By using an in vitro model of first-trimester chorionic villous explants, we found that 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) was able to modulate the release of MIF in a dose-dependent manner (10(-12) vs. 10(-9) M, P < 0.05; 10(-9) vs. 10(-5) M, P < 0.05; 10(-12) vs. 10(-5) M, P < 0.001). Unlike MIF release, no significant change in tissue MIF protein or MIF mRNA was observed. We showed evidence that E(2) concentrations (10(-9) and 10(-5) M) act on placental tissue downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter protein A1, a membrane transporter involved in MIF secretion. These findings emphasize the mutual cooperation between hormones and cytokines and suggest that increasing estrogen levels with advancing gestation may have a major role in regulating placental MIF secretion.

Effects of Bisphenol A on endogenous retroviral envelopes expression and trophoblast fusion in BeWo cells.

Placenta is a target organ of Bisphenol A (BPA). To investigate possible effects on syncytiotrophoblast, the exchanging surface between mother and fetus, we exposed a trophoblast model (BeWo) to BPA concentrations occurring in humans (1 and 50 nM). We assessed the gene and protein expression of three human endogenous retroviral envelopes, specifically expressed in placenta (ERVW-1, ERVFRD-1 and ERV3-1), the secretion of ß-hCG, the extent of trophoblast fusion and the activity of apoptosis markers (caspases 8, 3, 9 and PARP); additionally, the gene expression of transcription factors regulating HERV expression (i.e. GCM1, PPARγ, ERα and ERß) was evaluated. At 50 nM, BPA induced ERVW-1, ERVFRD-1 and the corresponding syncytin proteins, ERV3-1, PPARγ, ERα and ERß expression, increased ß-hCG secretion and BeWo cells fusion, thus promoting the syncytiotrophoblast phenotype. The results support placenta as a target organ of BPA. Possible implications on fetal and pregnancy health should be carefully considered.

A implicação dos trabalhadores na política de assistência social brasileira / La implicación de los trabajadores en la política brasileña de asistencia social / The implication of workers in the brazilian social assistance policy

RESUMO. Esse artigo analisa a institucionalização da assistência social no Brasil e a implicação dos trabalhadores sociais neste campo. Partimos da narrativa de vida de Maria, que da experiência religiosa parte para a militância nos movimentos sociais e institucionaliza sua prática na ampliação da assistência social do governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva em 2004. Neste contexto de luta e paixões, Maria investe em um saber prático que se torna o ponto de partida para a construção de uma sobreimplicação. Pelo método de narrativas de vida e da análise institucional, o trabalho contempla o campo micropolítico de um percurso biográfico para chegar a aspectos sócio-históricos da constituição da pasta no país e a construção de uma sensibilidade peculiar por parte dos trabalhadores. Essa sensibilidade, construída nas experiências anteriores ao trabalho social e potencializada no encontro com a política institucionalizada, pode adoecer os profissionais e favorecer a precarização da política pública quando alimenta um compromisso pessoal que se nega a enxergar a complexidade do que seja manter a seguridade social com competência e seriedade no país.

RESUMEN Analizamos la institucionalización de la Asistencia Social en Brasil y la implicación de los trabajadores sociales en este campo. Para esto, partimos de la narrativa de la vida de María, que a partir de la experiencia religiosa, comienza a ser militante en los movimientos sociales e institucionaliza su práctica en la expansión de la Asistencia Social del gobierno de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva en 2004. En este contexto de lucha y pasiones, María invierte en conocimiento práctico que se convierte en el punto de partida para la construcción de una sobreimplicación. A través de la metodología de la historia de la vida y el análisis institucional, el trabajo contempla el campo micropolítico de una ruta biográfica para llegar a los aspectos sociohistóricos de la constitución de la pasta en el país y la construcción de una sensibilidad peculiar por parte de los trabajadores. Esta sensibilidad, basada en experiencias previas al trabajo social y mejorada en el encuentro con la política institucionalizada, puede enfermar a los profesionales y favorece la precariedad de las políticas públicas cuando alimenta un compromiso personal que se niega a ver la complejidad de lo que significa mantener la seguridad social con competencia y seriedad en el país.

ABSTRACT. This article analyses the institutionalization of Social Assistance in Brazil and the implication of social workers in this field. For this, we start from Maria's life narrative, which from religious experience, starts to militancy in social movements and institutionalizes its practice in the expansion of Social Assistance. Maria invests in practical knowledge that becomes the beginning for construction of an overimplication. Through theory and institutional analysis, the work contemplates the micropolitical field of a biographical path to reach socio-historical aspects of the constitution of the paste in the country and the building of a peculiar sensitivity on the part of the workers. This sensitivity, built on experiences prior to social work and enhanced in the encounter with institutionalized politics, can make professionals sick and favors the precariousness of public policy when it feeds a personal commitment that refuses to see the complexity of what it means to maintain social security with competence and seriousness in the country.

Racismo e saúde mental: uma cartografia do trabalho com famílias / Racismo y salud mental: una cartografía del trabajo con familias / Racism and mental health: a cartography of a work with families

Resumo Este artigo é um desdobramento da tese de doutorado que trata das relações e processos de subjetivação entre equipes técnicas e famílias na rede de saúde mental. Neste contexto, o trabalho aborda forças conservadoras e possibilidades de resistência ao poder. O racismo está presente no cotidiano de pessoas que convivem com situações de sofrimento mental, mas poucas vezes esse marcador social é abordado nos serviços, caracterizando o silenciamento de experiências vividas. A metodologia utilizada foi a cartografia, incluindo pesquisa de campo, permitindo rastreamento de processos e considerando o posicionamento político de quem pesquisa, com orientação para práticas comprometidas com transformações sociais. A análise dos dados produzidos associa perspectiva interseccional sobre as demandas em saúde mental à esquizoanálise, buscando a construções de saída dos impasses entre familiares e equipes. Concluímos que sustentando indagações sobre modos de nos relacionar e revisitar nossa história, podemos construir práticas coletivas antirracistas na saúde mental.

Resumen Este artículo es fruto de una tesis doctoral que aborda las relaciones y los procesos de subjetivación entre los equipos técnicos y las familias en la red de salud mental. Aborda las fuerzas conservadoras y las posibilidades de resistencia al poder. El racismo está presente en el cotidiano de las personas que viven con sufrimiento mental, pero ese marcador social raramente es abordado en los servicios, caracterizando el silenciamiento de las experiencias vividas. La metodología utilizada fue la cartografía, incluyendo la investigación de campo, permitiendo rastrear procesos y teniendo en cuenta el posicionamiento político hacia prácticas comprometidas con la transformación social. El análisis de los datos asocia perspectiva interseccional de las demandas de salud mental con el esquizoanálisis, con búsquedas de salidas a los impasses entre familiares y equipos. Concluimos que apoyando preguntas sobre los modos de relacionarnos y revisitando nuestra historia, podemos construir prácticas colectivas antirracistas en salud mental.

Abstract This article is an offshoot of a doctoral thesis that deals with the relationships and processes of subjectivation between technical teams and families in the mental health network. In this context, it deals with conservative forces and possibilities of resistance to power. Racism is present in the daily lives of people who live with situations of mental suffering, but this social marker is rarely addressed in the services, characterizing the silencing of lived experiences. Cartography was the methodology used, including field research, which allows processes to be traced and takes into account the political positioning of the researcher towards practices committed to social transformation. The analysis of the data produced associates an intersectional perspective on mental health demands with schizoanalysis, seeking ways out of the impasse between family members and teams. We conclude that by supporting questions about ways of relating and revisiting our history, we can build anti-racist collective practices in mental health.

Psicologia brasileira e políticas públicas: capturas e resistências / Brazilian psychology and public policies: sequestration and resistances / Psicología brasileña y políticas públicas: capturas y resistencias

Este texto discute a atuação da Psicologia nas Políticas Públicas em nosso país, apontando para a necessidade de desmonte da ainda dominante subjetividade universal e centrada no indivíduo, bem como a possibilidade de resistência entendida como invenção. Para tal, discorre acerca de algumas instituições que devem ser enfrentadas: a colonialidade do poder, a branquitude e a interseccionalidade em diálogo com as ideias de Deleuze e Guattari. O funcionamento macropolítico dessa tríade busca a reprodução de situações de hierarquia, desqualificação e exclusão, mantidas na micropolítica do cotidiano por meio de microfascismos que miniaturizam a necessidade de igualar e julgar. Além dos microfascismos, temos a perspectiva de uma micropolítica ativa que se faz por transversalidade e pelo agenciamento com a diferença. Ao sustentar a imanência dessa macropolítica em micropolíticas, insistimos na indissociabilidade da interioridade/exterioridade e indivíduo/social, para um futuro da Psicologia que sustente a complexidade e a invenção da nossa profissão. Concluímos que é preciso operar para a resistência e invenção convocando o coletivo para fazer uma psicologia brasileira à altura do nosso tempo.(AU)

This paper discusses the role played by Psychology in Brazilian public policies, pointing to the need to dismantle the still dominant universal and individual-centered subjectivity, as well as the possibility of resistance understood as invention. For this purpose, it scrutinizes some institutions that must be confronted: the coloniality of power, whiteness and intersectionality, dialoguing with authors such as Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The macro-political functioning of this triad seeks to reproduce situations of hierarchy, disqualification, and exclusion, upheld in everyday life micropolitics by micro-fascisms that miniaturize the need to equalize and judge. Beyond these micro-fascisms, we observe an active micropolitics established by transversality and by agencying difference. By upholding the immanence of this macro-politics in micropolitics, we insist on the inseparability of interiority/exteriority and individual/social, for a future Psychology that asserts the complexity and invention of our profession. In conclusion, we must strive for resistance and invention by calling on the collective to make a Brazilian psychology that matches our time.(AU)

Este trabajo discute el papel de la Psicología en las Políticas Públicas en Brasil, señalando la necesidad de desmontar la subjetividad universal e individualista aún dominante, así como la posibilidad de resistencia entendida como invención. Para ello, se plantean algunas instituciones a las que hay que enfrentarse: la colonialidad del poder, la blancura y la interseccionalidad en diálogo con Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari. El funcionamiento macropolítico de esta tríada busca reproducir situaciones de jerarquía, descalificación y exclusión, mantenidas en la micropolítica de la vida cotidiana a través de microfascismos, que miniaturizan la necesidad de igualar y juzgar. Más allá de los microfascismos tenemos la posibilidad de una micropolítica activa que se hace a través de la transversalidad y de la agencia con la diferencia. Al sostener la inmanencia de esta macropolítica con la micropolítica, insistimos en la inseparabilidad de la interioridad/exterioridad y de lo individual/social hacia un futuro de la Psicología que sostenga la complejidad y la invención de nuestra profesión. Concluimos que es necesario operar para la resistencia y la invención convocando al colectivo para hacer una psicología brasileña a la altura de nuestro tiempo.(AU)

Narrativas de psicodramatistas no palco do sistema único de assistência social / Narratives of psychodramatists on the stage of unified social assistance system / Narrativas de psicodramatistas em el escenario del sistema único de asistencia social

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa de mestrado que buscou analisar, por meio de narrativas de psicodramatistas, a aplicabilidade e impressões da metodologia criativa do psicodrama dentro da perspectiva das oficinas do Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família (PAIF) no âmbito do Sistema Único da Assistência Social (SUAS). A pesquisa foi feita com oito psicodramatistas de quatro estados brasileiros diferentes através de entrevistas narrativas. Os resultados revelam repercussões positivas do uso do psicodrama com grupos, bem como desafios de seu fomento e aceitação no campo da assistência social. Conclui-se que o Psicodrama é um caminho de intervenção de grupos para o profissional socioassistencial que almeja por uma transformação no âmbito social e pessoal dos usuários-protagonistas.

ABSTRACT This article aims to present doctoral research that sought to analyze the applicability and impressions of the creative methodology of psychodrama within the perspective of the workshops of the Service of Protection and Comprehensive Care to the Family within the scope of the Unified Social Assistance System. The research was carried out with eight psychodramatists from four different Brazilian states, through narrative interviews. The results reveal positive repercussions for the use of psychodrama with groups, as well as challenges for its promotion and acceptance in the field of Social Assistance. It is concluded that psychodrama is a group intervention path for the social assistance professional who aims for a transformation in the social and personal scope of the protagonist users.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una investigación doctoral que buscó analizar la aplicabilidad de la metodología creativa del Psicodrama en la perspectiva de los talleres del Servicio de Protección y Atención Integral a la Familia en el ámbito del Sistema Único de Asistencia Social. La investigación se llevó a cabo con ocho psicodramatistas de cuatro estados brasileños diferentes, a través de entrevistas narrativas. Los resultados revelan repercusiones positivas para el uso del psicodrama con grupos, así como desafíos para su promoción y aceptación en el ámbito de la Asistencia Social. Se concluye que el Psicodrama es una vía de intervención grupal para el profesional socio-asistencial que busca una transformación en el ámbito social y personal de los usuarios protagonistas.

Interseccionalidade e a esquizoanálise: conquistas macropolíticas e retrocessos micropolíticos / Esquizoanálisis e interseccionalidad: logros macropolíticos y retrocesos micropolíticos / Schizoanalysis and intersectionality: macropolitical achievements and micropolitical setbacks

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar aproximações conceituais entre teorias que trabalham com a perspectiva interseccional e as ideias de Deleuze e Guattari. Para tanto, iniciamos com reflexões acerca da origem da interseccionalidade como campo conceitual e empírico, através de contribuições estadunidenses, com Kimberlé Crenshaw, Patricia Hill Collins e Angela Davis, e latino-americanas e brasileiras, com Lelia Gonzalez, Gloria Anzaldúa, Sueli Carneiro e Carla Akotirene. Em seguida, apresentamos a perspectiva Esquizoanalítica, através de alguns conceitos fundamentais, como micropolítica, macropolítica, microfascismos. Buscamos analisar o campo conceitual-vivencial constituído pelas reflexões interseccionais à luz da análise micropolítica esquizoanalítica. Concluímos que os dois campos se encontram na análise das múltiplas intersecções que se atravessam incessantemente na expressão da vida, produzindo opressões e saídas.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar enfoques conceptuales entre las teorías que trabajan con la perspectiva interseccional y las ideas de Deleuze y Guattari. Para ello, partimos de reflexiones sobre el origen de la interseccionalidad como campo conceptual y empírico, a través de aportes estadounidenses, con Kimberlé Crenshaw, Patricia Hill Collins y Angela Davis, y latinoamericanos y brasileños, con Lelia González, Gloria Anzaldúa, Sueli Carneiro y Carla Akotirene. A continuación, presentamos la perspectiva esquizoanalítica, a través de algunos conceptos fundamentales, como micropolítica, macropolítica, microfascismos. Buscamos analizar el campo conceptual-vivencial constituido por reflexiones interseccionales a la luz del análisis micropolítico esquizoanalítico. Concluimos que los dos campos se encuentran en el análisis de las múltiples intersecciones que se cruzan incesantemente en la expresión de la vida, produciendo opresiones y salidas.

Abstract This article aims to analyze conceptual approaches between theories that work with the intersectional perspective and the ideas of Deleuze and Guattari. To this end, we begin with reflections on the origin of intersectionality as a conceptual and empirical field, through American contributions, with Kimberlé Crenshaw, Patricia Hill Collins and Angela Davis, and Latin American and Brazilian, with Lelia Gonzalez, Gloria Anzaldúa, Sueli Carneiro and Carla Akotirene. Then, we present the Schizoanalytic perspective, through some fundamental concepts, such as micropolitics, macropolitics, microfascisms. We seek to analyze the conceptual-experiential field constituted by intersectional reflections in the light of schizoanalytic micropolitical analysis. We conclude that the two fields are found in the analysis of the multiple intersections that cross each other incessantly in the expression of life, producing oppressions and exits.

Inserção e Permanência de Prounistas Negras: Uma Experiência Institucional em Análise / Insertion and Permanence of Black Grantees: An Institutional Experience under Analysis / Inserción y Permanencia de los Estudiantes Negros: Una Experiencia Institucional en Análisis

O Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) é uma política de ações afirmativas que concede bolsa para alunos de baixa renda na rede privada de ensino superior. Este texto trata de uma investigação acerca da inserção e a permanência de estudantes prounistas negras na universidade com base na Análise Institucional de René Lourau articulada aos estudos de branquitude crítica. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas grupais on-line com quatro estudantes e analisados em conjunto por restituição. Evidenciamos que o ProUni é uma força instituinte por inserir as estudantes na universidade, antes destinadas apenas às elites, e que causa tensões produzidas no encontro com o estabelecimento de ensino. Evidenciamos a urgência do debate a respeito das questões raciais no ambiente acadêmico, espaço em que a branquitude acrítica se institui enquanto norma silenciosa. Desnaturalizando as desigualdades raciais ao desvelar os desconfortos que a discussão apresenta, por escancarar o racismo estrutural em que se assenta na instituição-educação, apontamos a urgência em criar fissuras nessa estrutura. Estrutura que capilarmente compõe, produz e reproduz lógicas opressoras no sistema de ensino superior.

The University for All Program (ProUni, in Portuguese) is an affirmative action policy that grants scholarships to low-income students in private higher education institutions. This paper is about an investigation into the insertion and permanence of black scholarship holders in the university based on René Lourau's Institutional Analysis articulated with critical whiteness studies. The data were produced through online group interviews with four students and analyzed together by restitution. In this study, we evidenced that ProUni is an instituting force for inserting students in the university, a place previously destined for the elites, and that it causes tensions produced in the encounter with the establishment. In addition, we demonstrated the urgency of the debate about racial issues in the academy, a space where uncritical whiteness establishes itself as a silent norm. Denaturalizing racial inequalities by unveiling the discomforts that the discussion presents for opening up the structural racism on which it settles in the institution-education, we point out the urgency to create fissures in this structure. Structure that extensively composes, produces and reproduces oppressive logics in the higher education system.

El Programa Universidad para Todos (ProUni) es una política de acción afirmativa que concede becas a estudiantes de clases bajas en la red de enseñanza superior privada. Este trabajo trata de una investigación sobre la inserción y permanencia de las estudiantes prounistas negras en la universidad, a partir del Análisis Institucional de René Lourau en diálogo con los estudios de la blancura crítica. Los datos se produjeron en línea, mediante entrevistas grupales con cuatro estudiantes y fueran analizados en conjunto por medio de restitución. Evidenciamos que el ProUni es una fuerza instituyente porque inserta a los estudiantes en la universidad, antes destinada sólo a las élites, pero provoca tensiones producidas en el encuentro con el establecimiento. Destacamos la urgencia del debate sobre cuestiones raciales en el ámbito académico, un espacio en el que la blancura acrítica se establece como norma silenciosa. Desnaturalizando las desigualdades raciales al develar las incomodidades que la discusión presenta al exponer el racismo estructural en el que se basan institución-educación, señalamos la urgencia en crear fisuras en esta estructura. Estructura que capilarmente compone, produce y reproduce lógicas opresivas en el sistema de educación superior.

A clínica psicológica como um espaço de desvelamento das desigualdades sociais / La clínica psicológica como un espacio para desvelar las desigualdades sociales / The clinical psychology as a space of revelation of social iniquities

RESUMO. Este estudo pretende colocar a clínica psicológica como um espaço de desvelamento das desigualdades sociais a partir da escuta de sujeitos excluídos através de plantões psicológicos. Percebe-se uma lacuna na literatura especializada em psicologia clínica que, geralmente, não vincula processos clínicos e processos psicossociais, mantendo um discurso hegemônico que pouco articula o psicológico, o social e o político. A Teoria Fundamentada nos dados, metodologia de natureza qualitativa, foi adotada nesse estudo. Através da análise qualitativa de diários de campos produzidos a partir de atendimentos do tipo plantão psicológico, foram geradas categorias que apontam para a fragilidade dos laços familiares e comunitários, os sofrimentos de ser tratado como inferior e a necessidade de ampliações de práticas clínicas com pessoas excluídas. As precariedades materiais e simbólicas vividas pelos sujeitos excluídos são reproduzidas nas suas redes relacionais e comunitárias como violências, opressões e vínculos fragilizados. A inclusão no lugar da inadequação e da inferioridade excluem os sujeitos da possibilidade de se perceberem como dignos e capazes de contribuir com a sociedade, gerando um apagamento de si mesmo. Houve a necessidade de uma prática clínica ampliada que levasse em consideração as vivências específicas de pessoas excluídas e que pudesse produzir novos encontros e novos afetos como contraponto às desqualificações cotidianamente recebidas. Na escuta de sujeitos de classes populares a equipe buscou sustentar a complexidade presente nos sofrimentos, focalizando não só suas questões subjetivas, mas também a produção social e histórica de suas vulnerabilidades.

RESUMEN. Este estudio pretende incluir la clínica psicológica como un espacio para desvelar las desigualdades sociales a través de la escucha de sujetos excluidos con planton psicológico. Se percibe una ausencia en la literatura especializada en psicología clínica que, en general, no vincula procesos clínicos y procesos psicosociales, manteniendo un discurso hegemónico que poco articula problemas psicológicos, sociales y políticos. En este estudio se adoptó la Teoría Fundamentada, una metodologia cualitativa. Através del análisis cualitativo de los registros producidos com el material do planton psicológico, se generaron categorias que apuntan a la fragilidad de los lazos familiares y comunitarios, los sufrimientos de ser tratados como inferiores y la necesidad de ampliar las práticas clínicas con personas excluidas. La precariedad material y simbólica vivida por los sujetos excluidos se reproduce en sus redes relacionales y comunitarias como violencia, opresión y vínculos debilitados. La inclusión en lugar de inadecuación e inferioridad excluye a los sujetos de la posibilidad de percibirse a si mismos como dignos y capaces de contribuir a la sociedad, generando un debilitamiento de si mismos. Se notó la necesidad de una prática clínica ampliada que consideran las vivencias específicas de las personas excluidas y que puede producir nuevos encuentros y nuevos afectos como contrapunto a las descalificaciones diarias recibidas. En la escucha de sujetos de clases populares el equipo buscó sostener la complejidad presente en los sufrimientos, enfocando no sólo sus cuestiones subjetivas, sino también la producción social e histórica de sus vulnerabilidades.

ABSTRACT This study intends to place the psychological clinic as a space for unveiling social inequalities by listening to excluded subjects through the psychological on-call sessions. There is a gap in the specialized literature in clinical psychology that, generally, does not link clinical processes and psychosocial processes, maintaining a hegemonic discourse that barely articulates the psychological, social and political issues. The Grounded Theory, as a qualitative-interpretative methodology, was adopted in this study. The qualitative analysis of field diaries produced based on the psychological on-call sessions generated categories that point to the fragility of family and community bonds, the sufferings of being treated as inferior, and the need to expand clinical practices with excluded people. The material and symbolic precariousness experienced by excluded subjects are reproduced in their relational and community networks as violence, oppression and weakened bonds. Inclusion in place of inadequacy and inferiority excludes people from the possibility of perceiving themselves as worthy and capable of contributing to society, generating an erasure of themselves. There was a need for an expanded clinical practice that considered the specific experiences of excluded subjects, which could produce new encounters and affections as a counterpoint to the disqualifications received daily. In listening to popular classes people, the research team sought to sustain the complexity present in sufferings, focusing not only on their subjective issues but also on the social and historical production of their vulnerabilities.

Os grupos de mulheres no enfrentamento à violência de gênero: direções éticas / Women's groups in coping with domestic violence genre: ethical directions

Este artigo discute os grupos de mulheres, dispositivos utilizados desde o início dos movimentos feministas para trabalhar questões de gênero, como um caminho para a construção e intensificação de estratégias de resistência junto a mulheres em situação de violência de gênero. Propomos algumas direções éticas que conduzem a práticas micropolíticas capazes de sustentar no grupo aquilo que se multiplica entre suas participantes, inventando possíveis entre impossibilidades e apostando na potência de conexões entre diferentes modos de existência. Grupo ético-estético-político que gera efeitos e que pode favorecer a produção de novos entendimentos e práticas relacionadas às composições de gênero e às relações de poder vivenciadas pelas mulheres em seus relacionamentos e na sociedade. A aposta é que nestes grupos ocorra a articulação entre subjetividade e política e que o espaço grupal permita que as cristalizações de lugares e papéis que as mulheres constroem em suas histórias se desfaçam.

Physiological effects of high-altitude trekking on gonadal, thyroid hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) responses in young lowlander women.

Altitude hypoxia is often associated with impairment of human reproduction. In this study, hormones and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, a proinflammatory cytokine with key roles in human reproduction) were determined in seven regularly menstruating, lowlander native women living at sea level participating in 14 days of trekking at moderate and high altitude. Blood and saliva samples were collected from each subject at high altitude (5050 m a.s.l. [above sea level]), and at sea level before and after the expedition. Testosterone level was lowered by high altitude and was restored after the end of the expedition, while progesterone decreased significantly in all participants at the end of the expedition, although most of the participants were in the luteal phase. The salivary concentration of MIF decreased greatly at altitude, but its levels were completely restored after the return to sea level. Our findings showed high sensitivity and rapid changes in the determined parameters in response to the high-altitude hypoxic environment, particularly MIF.