RESUMO
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) functions as a conserved morphogen in the development of various organs in metazoans ranging from Drosophila to humans. Here, we have investigated the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of Shh signaling in murine placentation. Immunostaining revealed the abundant expression of the main components of Shh pathway in both the trophectoderm of blastocysts and developing placentas. Disruption of Shh led to impaired vascularogenesis of yolk sac, less branching and malformation of placental labyrinth, thereby leading to a robust decrease in capacity of transplacental passages. Moreover, placenta-specific gene incorporation by lentiviral transduction of mouse blastocysts and blastocyst transplantation robustly knocked down the expression of Gli3 and Gli2 in placenta but not in embryos. Finally, Gli3 knockdown in Shh(-/-) placentas partially rescued the defects of both yolk sac and placental labyrinth, and robustly restored the capacity of transplacental passages. Gli2 knockdown in Shh(+/)(-) placentas affected neither the capacity of tranplacental passages nor the vascularogenesis of yolk sac, however, it partially phenocopied the labyrinthine defects of Shh(-/-) placentas. Taken together, these results uncover that both Shh/Gli2 and Shh/Gli3 signals are required for proper development of murine placentas and are possibly essential for pregnant maintenance.
Assuntos
Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Feminino , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Mutantes , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Placenta/embriologia , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Proteína Gli2 com Dedos de Zinco , Proteína Gli3 com Dedos de ZincoRESUMO
Thirty-one patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were studied with Dicke's soft agar marrow culture to identify leukemic colony forming units. Eighteen of them had leukemic colony formation, in those patients, the average survival period was shorter (65d), and none of them achieved remission after chemotherapy. The remaining thirteen patients had no colony formation and had a longer survival period of 119.8 d. In the latter group four out of six who had undergone more than two courses of chemotherapy went into complete remission. Our study showed that patients who had leukemic colony formation had a worse prognosis than those who had no leukemic colony formation.