Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples, revealing cellular targets involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1ß-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.

Immediate Nipple Reconstruction With Areolar Flaps After Nipple Excision.

ABSTRACT: Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) have become a common surgical approach in the management of invasive breast cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ, and as a risk-reducing approach in genetically predisposed patients. The current standard of care in the management of positive nipple margin after NSM is total excision of the nipple-areola complex. In this article, we aimed to present a case series describing a novel approach to positive nipple margins with nipple-only excision and immediate nipple reconstruction using areolar flaps in patients who underwent NSM for noninvasive tumors. We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent NSM and were found to have positive nipple margins and underwent subsequent nipple excision with immediate areolar flap reconstruction. We identified 6 patients who underwent NSM and were found to have nipple margins-5 for ductal carcinoma in situ and 1 for invasive ductal carcinoma. These patients underwent nipple excision with immediate reconstruction using "sickle" flaps. We concluded that if nipple excision and immediate reconstruction with areolar sickle flaps can be performed, it results in good aesthetic outcomes without compromising oncologic results.

SARS-CoV-2: preliminary study of infected human nasopharyngeal tissue by high resolution microscopy.

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19. This virus has become one of the most dangerous in recent times with a very high rate of transmission. At present, several publications show the typical crown-shape of the novel coronavirus grown in cell cultures. However, an integral ultramicroscopy study done directly from clinical specimens has not been published. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 12 Cuban individuals, six asymptomatic and RT-PCR negative (negative control) and six others from a COVID-19 symptomatic and RT-PCR positive for SARS CoV-2. Samples were treated with an aldehyde solution and processed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM) and, atomic force microscopy. Improvement and segmentation of coronavirus images were performed by a novel mathematical image enhancement algorithm. RESULTS: The images of the negative control sample showed the characteristic healthy microvilli morphology at the apical region of the nasal epithelial cells. As expected, they do not display virus-like structures. The images of the positive sample showed characteristic coronavirus-like particles and evident destruction of microvilli. In some regions, virions budding through the cell membrane were observed. Microvilli destruction could explain the anosmia reported by some patients. Virus-particles emerging from the cell-surface with a variable size ranging from 80 to 400 nm were observed by SEM. Viral antigen was identified in the apical cells zone by CM. CONCLUSIONS: The integral microscopy study showed that SARS-CoV-2 has a similar image to SARS-CoV. The application of several high-resolution microscopy techniques to nasopharyngeal samples awaits future use.

Impact of conversion at time of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy on perioperative and long-term outcomes: Review of the National Cancer Database.

Backgrounds/Aims: Current literature presents limited data regarding outcomes following conversion at the time of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MI-PD). Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients were stratified into three groups: MI-PD, converted to open pancreaticoduodenectomy (CO-PD), and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (O-PD). Multivariable modeling was applied to compare outcomes of MI-PD and CO-PD to those of O-PD. Results: Of 17,570 patients identified, 12.5%, 4.2%, and 83.4% underwent MI-PD, CO-PD, and O-PD, respectively. Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (R-PD) resulted in a higher lymph node yield (n = 23.2 ± 12.2) even when requiring conversion (n = 22.4 ± 13.2, p < 0.001). Margin positivity was higher in the CO-PD group (26.6%) than in the MI-PD group (21.3%) and the O-PD (22.6%) group (p = 0.017). Length of stay was shorter in the MI-PD group (laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy 10.4 ± 8.6, R-PD 10.6 ± 8.8) and the robotic converted to open group (10.7 ± 6.4) than in the laparoscopic converted to open group (11.2 ± 9) and the O-PD group (11.5 ± 8.9) (p < 0.001). After adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, both MI-PD (odds ratio = 1.40; p < 0.001) and CO-PD (odds ratio = 1.24; p = 0.020) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of long-term survival. Conclusions: CO-PD does not negatively impact perioperative or oncologic outcomes.

The microglial NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in human SARS-CoV-2 cerebral pathogenicity: A report of three post-mortem cases.

We herein report, by using confocal immunofluorescence, the colocalization of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid within neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in three deceased COVID-19 cases, of between 78 and 85 years of age at death. The viral nucleocapsid was detected together with its ACE2 cell entry receptor, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral cortical tissues. It is noteworthy that NLRP3 was colocalized with CD68 + macrophages in the brain and lung of the deceased, suggesting the critical role of this type of inflammasome in SARS-CoV-2 lesions of the nervous system/lungs and supporting its potential role as a therapeutic target.

Evolving Trends in Racial Disparities for Peri-Operative Outcomes with the New Kidney Allocation System (KAS) Implementation.

INTRODUCTION: To improve kidney transplant allocation equitability, a new Kidney Allocation System (KAS) was implemented December 4, 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine if the impact of KAS on peri-operative outcomes differed by recipient race/ethnicity. METHODS: This was a time series analysis using data aggregated in monthly intervals from October 2012 through September 2015 using the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC). This includes national data aggregated at the center level of all US kidney transplant centers that participate in the UHC (416 centers). Segmented regression with interaction terms was used to determine the impact of KAS on outcomes and differences by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: A total of 28,809 deceased donor kidney transplants were included with 25 months of pre-KAS data and 10 months of post-KAS data. After KAS implementation, the estimated transplant rate per month decreased significantly for Caucasians by 17.6 cases per month (p = 0.0001), and increased significantly for AAs by 37.8 (p = 0.0001), Hispanics by 16.3 (p = 0.0001), and other races by 8.2 cases per month (p = 0.0001). Delayed graft function, 7- and 14-day readmissions significantly increased after KAS, which did not differ by race. Hispanics saw a 7.7% decrease in ICU admissions after KAS, which differed as compared to other racial/ethnic cohorts (p = 0.0026). Costs of kidney transplantation increased significantly after KAS in all groups except Hispanics. Mortality, length of stay, in-hospital complications, and 30-day readmissions were not significantly impacted by KAS, also not differing by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION: KAS had substantial impact on transplant rates by race/ethnicity. KAS also led to increased costs, readmissions, and delayed graft function (DGF) across all racial/ethnic groups. The impact of KAS on ICU cases solely within Hispanics requires further investigation into potential etiologies.

Leptoconops bequaerti (Kieffer): un nuevo informe en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba / Leptoconops bequaerti (Kieffer): a new report in Santiago de Cuba province

Se realizó una investigación en la localidad de Sevilla, ubicada en el municipio costero de Guamá, en Santiago de Cuba, para identificar las especies de insectos causantes de molestias en esta población, así como sus principales fuentes de cría y los horarios de mayor actividad hematófaga de los adultos, con vistas a dirigir eficientemente las estrategias de control de vectores. A tales efectos, se llevaron a cabo encuestas entomológicas larvarias y capturas de insectos adultos sobre cebo humano. Fue identificado el Leptoconops bequaerti (Kieffer) como la especie de mayor actividad hematófaga en el horario diurno, con mayor incidencia entre las 09.30 y 11.30 horas. Este trabajo constituye un nuevo informe para esta provincia, particularmente la mencionada localidad, y un elemento muy útil desde el punto de vista entomológico e higiénico-epidemiológico, pues estos jejenes son importantes transmisores de encefalitis virales y de otros agentes infecciosos, como las filarias y diversos protozoos.

An investigation was carried out in Sevilla town, located in the coastal municipality of Guamá, Santiago de Cuba, to identify the species of insects affecting this population, as well as their main breeding sources and the periods of the adults' greater hematophagus activity, for directing efficiently the strategies to control vectors. To achieve this, larvae entomological interviews and captures of mature insects on human bait were carried out. Leptoconops becquaerti (Kieffer) was identified as the species of greater hematophagus activity during daily hours, with more incidence between 09.30 and 11.30 hours. It was concluded that this new report of the province, and particularly of the mentioned site, constitutes a very useful element from the entomological, hygienic-epidemiological points of view, because gnats are important viral encephalitis and other infectious agents transmitters, as phylarias and diverse protozoos.

Bacterias resistentes en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Resistant bacteria in ventilation associated pneumonia in intensive cares unit

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo para conocer el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana de las principales cepas obtenidas en los cultivos microbiológicos realizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de Adultos del Hospital General Roberto Rodríguez Fernández, de Morón, Ciego de Ávila, durante el año 2011. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 exámenes realizados a 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía nosocomial y la muestra conformada por los 31 exámenes positivos. Se realizaron los perfiles de sensibilidad de las cepas aisladas con el método de Kirby Bauer, se utilizaron discos en placas de agar Muller-Hinton. Las bacterias más frecuentes fueron el complejo acinetobacter calcoacético/baumannii, el estafilococo aureus, escherichia coli y klebsiella pneumoneae. Los microorganismos productores de betalactamasas fueron la escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoneae y Klebsiella oxytoca

[Levels of susceptibility of an Aedes aegyptistrain from Santiago de Cuba to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos]. / Niveles de susceptibilidad de una cepa de Aedes aegypti procedente de Santiago de Cuba ante los insecticidas lambdacialotrina, cipermetrina y clorpirifos.

The level of susceptibility and/or resistance in larvae and adults of an Aedes aegypti strain (L.) collected in Santiago de Cuba to lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin. was determined. The results showed that in the larval stage the strain under study was susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR90 = 2.1) chlorpyirifos (RR90 = 1.3), and cypermethrin (RR90 = 3.3), whereas in the adult stage, it was moderately resistant to lambdacyhalothrin (RR90 = 8.6) and cypermethrin (RR90 = 7.2), and susceptible to chlorpyrifos (RR90 = 4.47).

Meningoencefalitis por Criptococo neoformans: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Meningoencephalitis by Cryptococcus neoformans: case report and subject revision

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 60 años, procedente de área urbana, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y artritis psoriásica, que lleva tratamiento con metrotexate, quien ingresó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por cefalea gradual generalizada y constante, seguida de pérdida de la conciencia, convulsiones generalizadas tónico-clónicas, estupor, afasia mixta, hiperreflexia osteotendinosa en los 4 miembros, Babinnsky bilateral y rigidez de nuca. La tomografía de cráneo informó hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa. El estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue incoloro, transparente, con 50 células solamente a predominio de linfocitos, por lo que se sospechó meningoencefalitis por hongos, que se confirmó al realizar tinción con tinta china (Cryptococo neoformans). Fueron estudiadas las excretas de su mascota (cotorra Amazona leucocephala leucocephala) que demostró ser el agente causal. Se aplicó tratamiento con amfotericin B, pero finalmente falleció ocho semanas después.

[Efficacy of the intradomiciliary treatments with cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos insecticides in an Aedes aegypti strain]. / Eficacia de los tratamientos intradomiciliarios con los insecticidas cipermetrina, lambdacialotrina y clorpirifos en una cepa de Aedes aegypti.

Field bioassays were conducted to determine the efficacy of the intradomiciliary treatments of thermal fogging and ULV with formulations of cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos by using an Aedes aegypti strain from Playa municipality, Havana City, Cuba. The results show in all cases that the thermal treatments are more efficient than those of ULV. As regards chlorpyrifos 48 EC insecticide it caused in both types of treatment 100% of mortality without adding DDVP (Dichlorvos 50%), whereas for cypermethrin 25 EC it was obtained 100% of mortality in thermal treatments with DDVP or without it. It was not so for the ULV treatments that should be applied with DDVP to be efficient. The efficacy of Icon 2.5 EC and of lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 EC behaves similarly to that of cypermethrin; however, treatments with ULV are not efficient even when they are potentiated with DDVP.

Metamorfosis y emergencia de Aedes aegypti fuera del medio acuático y nuevo reporte de importancia entomológica y epidemiológica en Santiago de Cuba / Metamorphosis and emergence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes outside the aquatic environment and a new report of entomologic and epidemiologic significance in Santiago de Cuba

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una medida para reducir la aparición de brotes epidémicos de dengue y mejorar la eficacia en función del costo de las campañas contra Aedes aegypti consiste en identificar los factores ambientales locales que facilitan la reinfestación. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el nivel de emergencia de adultos Aedes aegypti partiendo de pupas depositadas fuera del medio acuático, así como precisar la eficacia de los rayos solares como método físico para la destrucción de los focos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un ensayo experimental de campo controlado, aleatorizado en dos ramas. El grupo experimental correspondió a las pupas extraídas del medio acuático colocadas en tierra. Las pupas que se mantuvieron en el agua integraron el grupo control, Y todas fueron seleccionadas según sus edades en horas. Por otra parte, se ensayó el efecto de los rayos solares como método físico para la destrucción de las pupas extraídas del agua. RESULTADOS: La metamorfosis de pupas sobrevivientes fuera del agua se completó entre 48 y 72 horas, similar al comportamiento en el medio acuático. El nivel de emergencia de mosquitos adultos en el grupo experimental fue de 34,3 por ciento. La reducción del riesgo relativo aportó que la extracción de pupas del agua hacia la tierra reduce el riesgo de generar nuevos mosquitos en solo 65 por ciento, y queda el 35 por ciento de probabilidad de generar nuevos focos. El riesgo relativo en el grupo expuesto a las radiaciones solares en relación con los no expuestos fue de cero. CONCLUSIONES: Las pupas de Aedes aegypti extraídas de su medio acuático pueden permanecer con vida varias horas en tierra, completar su metamorfosis y emerger hasta mosquitos adultos. Se evidenció además que los rayos solares como método físico reducen a cero el nivel de emergencia del vector.

INTRODUCTION: A measure to reduce the appearance of epidemic outbreaks of dengue and to improve effectiveness depending on the cost of campaigns against the Aedes aegypti is to identify the local environmental factors leading to reinfestation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of emergence of Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes from the pupa placed outside the aquatic environment, as well as to specify exactly the effectiveness of the sunbeams as a physical method for elimination of foci. METHODS: A randomized field controlled experimental trial was carried out in two branches. The experimental group corresponded to extracted pupas of aquatic environment placed in land. Pupas remained in the water were the control group and all of them were selected according its ages in hours. On the other hand, the effect of sunbeams as physical method was assayed for elimination of pupas extracted from water. RESULTS: The metamorphosis of pupas surviving outside water was finished between 48 and 72 hours, similar to behavior in the aquatic environment. The emergence level of adult mosquitoes in the experimental group was of 34.3 percent. The reduction of relative risk showed that pupa's extraction from the water towards land, to reduce the risk to generate new mosquitoes in only the 65 percent and remains the 35 percent of probability of to generate new foci. The relative risk in the group exposed to sun radiations in relation to those non-exposed was of zero. CONCLUSIONS: The pups of Aedes aegypti extracted of its aquatic environment may to live for some hours in land, to complete its metamorphosis and to emerge until adult mosquitoes. Also, it was evidenced that sunbeams as a physical method to reduce to zero the emergence level of vector.

[State of the resistance to insecticides in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from playa municipality, Havana City, Cuba]. / Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas en adultos del mosquito Aedes aegypti del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.

The level of susceptibility and/or resistance of adult mosquitoes to lambda-cyhalothrin, clorpirifos and cypermethrin insecticides was determined in a strain of Aedes aegypti (L) collected in Playa municipality, Havana City. According to the results, the strain under study is not resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin (FR < 5X), and it is as susceptible as the CAREC reference strain (FR=1) to chlorpyrifos.

Eficiencia del Galgotrin 25 EC, Terfos 48 EC, Lambdacialotrina 2,5 EC e Icon 2,5 EC en el control del mosquito Aedes aegypti en el Municipio Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / Efficiency of Galgothrin 25 EC, Terfos 48 EC, Lambdacyhalothrin 2,5 EC and Icon 2,5 EC for the control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Santiago de Cuba municipality

Introducción: en las epidemias o brotes de dengue los plaguicidas químicos desempeñan un papel fundamental para controlar los mosquitos adultos transmisores de la enfermedad, y como sostén del Programa de control del vector en Cuba. Objetivo: se realizó una investigación para conocer la efectividad y la eficiencia de las formulaciones de insecticidas en uso en el control del mosquito Aedes aegypti en la provincia Santiago de Cuba, y así trazar las estrategias de su uso. Métodos: los bioensayos se realizaron de acuerdo con la metodología de la OMS. Se comparó la eficacia y eficiencia entre los tratamientos de nebulizacion en frío y los de termonebulizacion con los insecticidas estudiados, mediante una prueba U de Mann Whitney. El análisis comparativo de la eficiencia entre tratamientos y cada formulación se realizó mediante una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: al comparar las mortalidades obtenidas con ambos tratamientos se demostró que existe una diferencia altamente significativa entre ellos a favor de los tratamientos de termonebulización, lo que demuestra la eficacia de este último y su eficiencia (efectividad/costo). Conclusiones: con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis se demostró que existe una diferencia altamente significativa entre las formulaciones a favor del Galgotrin 25 EC, que es más eficiente sin DDVP.

Introduction: In dengue epidemics or outbreaks, insecticides play an important role in controlling adult mosquitoes and in supporting the vector control program in Cuba. Objective: To find out the effectiveness and efficiency of insecticidal formulae for Aedes aegypti mosquito control in Santiago de Cuba province and to draw up the strategies for use. Methods: Bioassays were performed according to the WHO methodology. The efficacy and efficiency of cold fogging and thermal fogging methods were compared through Mann Whitney´s U test. The comparative analysis of the efficiency of both methods and every formulation was made using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: When comparing the mortality indexes from both methods, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between them, being the thermal fogging method the most useful because of its efficacy and efficiency (cost effectiveness). Conclusions: Kruskal-Wallis test proved that there is a highly significant difference among the various formulations. Galgothrin 25 EC is the most favourable and efficient without DDVP.

Niveles de susceptibilidad de una cepa de Aedes aegypti procedente de Santiago de Cuba ante los insecticidas lambdacialotrina, cipermetrina y clorpirifos / Levels of susceptibility of an Aedes aegypti strain from Santiago de Cuba to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and clorpirifos

Se determinó el nivel de susceptibilidad y/o resistencia en larvas y adultos de una cepa de Aedes aegypti (L) colectada en el municipio Santiago de Cuba, ante los insecticidas lambdacialotrina, clorpirifos y cipermetrina. Los resultados demostraron que en el estadio larval la cepa en estudio mostró ser susceptible ante los insecticidas lambdacialotrina (FR90= 2,1) clorpirifos (FR90= 1,3) y cipermetrina (FR90= 3,3), mientras que en el estadio adulto mostró ser moderadamente resistente para los insecticidas lambdacialotrina (FR90= 8,6) y cipermetrina (FR90= 7,2) y ante el insecticida clorpirifos se comportó susceptible (FR90= 4,47).

The level of susceptibility and/or resistance in larvae and adults of an Aedes aegypti strain (L.) collected in Santiago de Cuba to lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin. was determined. The results showed that in the larval stage the strain under study was susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR90 = 2.1) chlorpyirifos (RR90 = 1.3), and cypermethrin ( RR90 = 3.3), whereas in the adult stage, it was moderately resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (RR90 = 8.6) and cypermethrin (RR90 = 7.2), and susceptible to chlorpyrifos (RR90 = 4.47)

Eficacia de los tratamientos intradomiciliarios con los insecticidas cipermetrina, lambdacialotrina y clorpirifos en una cepa de Aedes aegypti / Efficacy of the intradomiciliary treatments with cypermethrin, lamdda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos insecticides in an Aedes aegypti strain

Se realizaron bioensayos de terreno para determinar la eficacia de los tratamientos intradomiciliarios de termonebulización y ULV con formulaciones de los insecticidas cipermetrina, lambdacialotrina y clorpirifos, utilizando una cepa de Aedes aegypti del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. Los resultados muestran en todos los casos que los tratamientos térmicos son más eficaces que los de ULV; en cuanto al insecticida clorpirifos 48 EC en ambos tipos de tratamientos causó 100 por ciento de mortalidad sin adicionarle DDVP (Diclorvos 50 por ciento ), mientras que para la cipermetrina 25 EC se obtuvo 100 por ciento de mortalidad en tratamientos térmicos con DDVP o sin este, no así para los tratamientos ULV que deben aplicarse con DDVP para que resulten eficaces; por su parte los insecticidas Icon 2,5 EC y Lambdacialotrina 2,5 EC en tratamientos térmicos su eficacia se comporta de forma similar a la de la cipermetrina, sin embargo, para tratamientos de ULV aun potenciándolos con DDVP no logran ser eficaces

Field bioassays were conducted to determine the efficacy of the intradomiciliary treatments of thermal fogging and ULV with formulations of cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos by using an Aedes aegypti strain from Playa municipality, Havana City, Cuba. The results show in all cases that the thermal treatments are more efficient than those of ULV. As regards chlorpyrifos 48 EC insecticide it caused in both types of treatment 100 % of mortality without adding DDVP (Dichlorvos 50 %), whereas for cypermethrin 25 EC it was obtained 100 % of mortality in thermal treatments with DDVP or without it. It was not so for the ULV treatments that should be applied with DDVP to be efficient. The efficacy of Icon 2.5 EC and of Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5 EC behaves similarly to that of cypermethrin; however, treatments with ULV are not efficient even when they are potentiated with DDVP.

Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas en adultos del mosquito Aedes aegypti del municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba / State of the resistance to insecticides in adults of the Aedes mosquito aegypti of the municipality Beach, City of Havana, Cuba

Se determinó el nivel de susceptibilidad y/o resistencia de mosquitos adultos en una cepa de Aedes aegypti (L) colectada en el municipio Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, en relación con los insecticidas lambdacialotrina, clorpirifos y cipermetrina. Los resultados demostraron que la cepa en estudio no es resistente para los insecticidas lambdacialotrina y cipermetrina (FR< 5X) y para el insecticida clorpirifos se comporta igual de susceptible que la cepa de referencia CAREC (FR = 1)

Malformaciones cardiovasculares congénitas: enero a julio de 1987 / Congenital cardiovascular malformatiom: january-july 1987

Se realiza un estudio de 23 pacientes que presentan malformaciones cardiovasculares congénitas. Se investigan las causas de estas afecciones, así como los síntomas para el diagnóstico positivo. Entre los casos estudiados solo hubo 4 defunciones, lo cual pone de manifiesto la atención brindada a estos pacientes