RESUMO
Sarcomatoid carcinomas are rare malignancies composed of epithelial (carcinomatous) and sarcomatous elements. High-grade carcinoma is difficult to diagnose by light optic and immunohistochemical studies. The authors give the data available in the literature on sarcomatoid carcinoma of the thymus and also describe their own observation. Its histological pattern is represented by a combination of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements with extensive necrotic foci. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells expressed total cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), CD99, and focally epithelial membrane antigen. Some tumor cells were vimentin- and SMA-positive. Markers, such as chromogranin A, bcl-2, bcl-6, S-100 protein and myogenin, were negative.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Sarcoma , Neoplasias do Timo , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Humanos , Imunoquímica , Necrose , Sarcoma/metabolismo , Sarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias do Timo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Timo/patologiaRESUMO
A correlation was established in 708 stomach cancer patients between number of involved lymph nodes, on the one hand, and T- and B-cell immune response and morphological tumor pattern, on the other. That in turn significantly correlated with T-cell immune response and tumor localization. However, B-cell immune response and tumor size showed an inverse and less pronounced correlation with number of involved lymph nodes. Immunosuppression and metastatic spread are inter-connected; both quickly develop in succession in a node nearest to tumor and then continue invade. Immunosuppression is induced by tumor cytokines and innate regulatory T-cells which can either suppress or stimulate immune response, irrespective of tumor size.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Significance of prognostic factors of immunological response, tumor growth and age was investigated in 708 patients with stomach cancer. Such factors as T-cell immunological response, functional status of lymph nodes and localization on either the greater or lesser curvature of the stomach were identified as the most significant while T-cell immunological response, tumor size and number of involved lymph nodes appeared less significant but more harmful as far as survival was concerned. No significant correlation between pattern of growth, depth of invasion, age and local immunological response, on the one hand, and survival, on the other, was established.