RESUMO
Until recently, only therapy with docetaxel and prednisone has been shown to prolong survival in men with hormonorefractory metastatic prostate cancer. With approvals of sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, and abiraterone acetate, all based on improvement in overall survival, the scenary for management of men with metastatic prostate cancer has dramatically changed. Abiraterone acetate was developed to specifically inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP)17A1, which is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of testosterone. In the phase III, the trial treatment with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone prolongs overall survival relative to prednisone alone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have disease progression after treatment with docetaxel and associated with an acceptable tolerability profile, which was generally similar to that of the placebo plus prednisone group. However, adverse events resulting from elevated mineralocorticoid levels because of CYP17A1 inhibition, fluid retention and oedema, hypokalaemia, hypertension occurred in significantly more in abiraterone acetate plus prednisone than in placebo plus prednisone.