RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Euronext Paris Advanced Orthopedic Solutions (EOS) system is a new radiography system, capable of obtaining two-dimensional and three-dimensional images from bony structures in the body. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to estimate equivalent dose and the risk of exposure induced cancer death (REID) in different organs of body due to EOS imaging system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this experimental study, totally 120 patients were evaluated for various imaging techniques of lower limb, full spine and whole body. Equivalent dose and REID for colon, liver, lung, stomach, breast, bladder, ovary, blood cells (leukemia) and other organs were calculated using PCXMC software (version 2.0.1.2) based on Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray and human phantoms. The data on imaging technique, including age, sex, kVp, dose area product (DAP), mA, focal to detector distance were introduced as the input of PCXMC. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent dose (mSv) due to EOS imaging system, was estimated for the bladder 0.240±0.066 for the full body technique and 0.240±0.093 for the lower limb technique, respectively, in both males and females. The maximum organ REID (incidence per million) due to EOS imaging system was estimated for lungs as 2.59±1.0 and 2.53±0.9, for the full body technique in both males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION: Generally, the equivalent dose and REID by EOS imaging system in different organs of body is low due to the low radiation dose received by the body in different techniques and views.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy has many side effects on fertilization in young women. Radiation can lead to ovarian failure in women who underwent abdomen or pelvic radiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: This study helps us to investigate ovarian response of NMRI female mice to ovarian stimulating hormones (PMSG, HCG) after whole-body gamma irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 pregnant mice were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group was classified into three sub-groups: Irradiation group (2 or 4Gy),Superovulation group (10 or 15IU),and superovulation and gamma-radiation group (2Gy & 10IU, 2Gy & 15IU, 4Gy & 10IU,4Gy & 15IU). Female mice were killed and embryos were removed from oviduct .The number of embryos cells counted and the quality of them was evaluated in each group. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the number of 2-4 cells grade D embryos in 2Gy & 15IU group compared with control and 2Gy groups (p=0.01), and the number of embryos in 4Gy group was more than in 10IU and 15IU (p=0.03) and 2Gy & 15IU groups (p=0.01). It was more significantly embryos in 4Gy & 15IU group compared to 2Gy & 15IU group (p=0.01).In addition There were no significant differences in the number of 2-4 cells grades A, B and C embryos and also number of 4-8 cells grades A, B and C, D embryos in groups. CONCLUSION: The concurrent use of ovulation stimulating hormones and gamma rays ameliorates this problem of drastic decrease in number of living embryos due to whole-body irradiation.