RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism FokI was shown to be associated with susceptibility to ovarian cancer. We aimed to examine whether VDR FokI polymorphisms influence the survivals of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS: VDR polymorphisms from FokI in 101 patients with EOC were genotyped by sequencing. Overall survival was compared between FokI single nucleotide polymorphism using Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests and the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for ages, stages, histology, and existence of residual tumour. RESULTS: The FokI C/C genotypes were associated with better prognosis compared with the C/T and T/T genotypes (log-rank test: P = 0.008; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.18; 95%CI 0.05-0.61; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the VDR polymorphisms from the FokI genotype may be associated with improved prognosis of patients with EOC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Desoxirribonucleases de Sítio Específico do Tipo II/metabolismo , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangueRESUMO
The research reported in this paper is an attempt to elucidate the functions of dynamic speech rates as contextualization cues in conversational Japanese. We examine five spontaneous task-oriented dialogs conducted in Japanese and analyze the potential of speech rate changes in signaling the structure of the information being exchanged in the dialogs. A correlation is found between speech decelerations and the openings of new information, and another is found between speech accelerations and the absence of information openings. These correlations hold not only in the case of a single speaker's speech, but also in the case of multiple speakers' sequential utterances, both with and without turn shifts. On the basis of these findings, we examine the potential of dynamic speech rates as cues to information structures in dialogs, in terms of their precision, recall, and primacy. We claim that changes in the speech rate in conversational Japanese have a definite potential for cuing the structure of information collaboratively constructed by participants of a conversation.