RESUMO
Regeneration of pancreatic ß-cell mass benefits both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. A recent study identified betatrophin as a ß-cell proliferation factor. However, the expressional regulation of betatrophin remains less defined. In this study, we aimed to clarify the regulation of betatrophin expression in obese type 2 vs. type 1 diabetes model animals. We experimented type 2 diabetes models, diet-induced-obesity (DIO) mice and db/db mice, and type 1 diabetes models, C57B6 mice receiving streptozotocin (STZ) or 70% pancreatectomy to destroy or remove ß-cells. Serum betatrophin levels and betatrophin mRNA expressions in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured. In DIO mice and db/db mice, serum betatrophin and betatrophin mRNA expressions in the liver, WAT and BAT were elevated in parallel with increases in body weight and plasma insulin. These elevated betatrophin mRNA expressions were not altered by treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor that ameliorated hyperglycemia. In pancreatectomized mice, betatrophin expression in WAT decreased in parallel with reductions in weight and insulin. In STZ-treated mice, betatrophin expressions in the liver, WAT and BAT were reduced. However, when the mouse liver slices were cultured with STZ, betatrophin expression was significantly reduced, indicating a direct action of STZ on the liver. These results indicate that the expression of betatrophin is upregulated in the liver, WAT and BAT in obese hyperinsulinemic type 2 diabetes but decreased in WAT in hypoinsulinemic type 1 diabetes, suggesting its positive correlation with body weight and plasma insulin but not blood glucose.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Obesidade/genética , Hormônios Peptídicos/genética , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/patologia , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/patologia , Proteína 8 Semelhante a Angiopoietina , Proteínas Semelhantes a Angiopoietina , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Hiperinsulinismo/complicações , Hiperinsulinismo/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/patologia , Hormônios Peptídicos/metabolismoRESUMO
An adipokine leptin plays a central role in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis via acting on the hypothalamus. However, its downstream neuronal mechanism is not thoroughly understood. The neurons expressing nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in feeding and energy homeostasis. The present study aimed to explore the role of PVN NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the leptin action, by using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors encoding shRNA targeting NUCB2 (AAV-NUCB2-shRNA). Leptin directly interacted and increased cytosolic Ca(2+) in single neurons isolated from the PVN, predominantly in NUCB2/nesftin-1-immunoreactive neurons. Treatment with leptin in vivo and in vitro markedly increased NUCB2 mRNA expression in the PVN. Peripheral and central injections of leptin failed to significantly inhibit food intake in mice receiving AAV-NUCB2. These results indicate that PVN NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is directly targeted by leptin, and mediates its anorexigenic effect.