Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and viral encephalitis: An unusual and misleading imaging.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare illness. It is characterized by different presentations like encephalopathy, seizures, hemiplegia, and visual symptoms. We present a patient who presented seizures and encephalopathy. Brain MRI showed symmetrical white and gray matter lesions. He was treated with acyclovir for viral encephalitis and given immunotherapy for ADEM. The radiological findings may be inconclusive in some cases, hence differential diagnosis of both viral encephalitis and ADEM needs to be considered. Early immunotherapy is required in such fulminant cases.

Symptomatic Pulmonary Hamartoma.

Pulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of the lungs. It is most often asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally. The condition is two to three times more common in men and is usually seen in the sixth to seventh decade of life. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old female in whom the condition was symptomatic, causing cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. This case is unusual in that it occurred in a woman in her 40s and was symptomatic. The authors discuss the presentation, clinical features, and management of pulmonary hamartoma.

Film thickness distribution in gravity-driven pancake-shaped droplets rising in a Hele-Shaw cell.

We study here experimentally, numerically and using a lubrication approach, the shape, velocity and lubrication film thickness distribution of a droplet rising in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell. The droplet is surrounded by a stationary immiscible fluid and moves purely due to buoyancy. A low density difference between the two media helps to operate in a regime with capillary number Ca lying between 0.03 and 0.35, where Ca =µo Ud /γ is built with the surrounding oil viscosity γ0 , the droplet velocity Ud and surface tension γ. The experimental data show that in this regime the droplet velocity is not influenced by the thickness of the thin lubricating film and the dynamic meniscus. For iso-viscous cases, experimental and three-dimensional numerical results of the film thickness distribution agree well with each other. The mean film thickness is well captured by the Aussillous & Quéré (Phys. Fluids, vol. 12 (10), 2000, pp. 2367-2371) model with fitting parameters. The droplet also exhibits the 'catamaran' shape that has been identified experimentally for a pressure-driven counterpart (Huerre et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 115 (6), 2015, 064501). This pattern has been rationalized using a two-dimensional lubrication equation. In particular, we show that this peculiar film thickness distribution is intrinsically related to the anisotropy of the fluxes induced by the droplet's motion.